Neo-Quenya Semantic Categories

1. Physical World

1.11 World

Q., ᴹQ. Ambar n. “The World, Earth, (lit.) Habitation, Settlement”
ᴺQ. !ambarya adj. “worldwide, world-wide, international, global”
⚠️ᴱQ. irmin n. “the inhabited world”; see instead:
Q. Ambar “The World, Earth, (lit.) Habitation, Settlement”

1.12 Universe

Q., ᴹQ. Eä n. “Creation, the (Material) Universe, Cosmos, †World; it is, let it be, [ᴹQ.] all that is”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ëavëa adj. “universal, natural”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ilúvëa “universal”
ᴺQ. !nassëa² “natural”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ilu n. “everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, ⚠️world; [ᴱQ.] ether”
Q., ᴹQ. ilúvë n. “the whole, the all, allness; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] universe, world; Heaven”
ᴺQ. !ilúvëa adj. “universal”

1.21 Earth, Land

ᴺQ. !ardahyalma n. “[planetary] crust”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cemen n. “the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
ᴺQ. !cemenquasië [þ] n. “earthquake”
⚠️ᴱQ. cemi n. “earth, soil, land”; see instead:
Q. cemen “the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
ᴹQ. cemna adj. “of earth, earthen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cempalië n. “earthquake”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cemenquasië “earthquake”
Q. nór (nor-) n. “land”
⚠️ᴱQ. talat n. “dry land”; see instead:
Q. nór “land”
ᴹQ. talat “sheet”

1.212 Ground, Soil

⚠️ᴱQ. hamba adj. “on the ground”
⚠️ᴱQ. hambanoitë adj. “on the ground”
⚠️ᴱQ. han (hamb-) n. “ground, earth”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hún “earth, *ground”
ᴹQ. hún (hun-) n. “earth, *ground”
ᴹQ. palúrë n. “surface, bosom, bosom of Earth, (Old English) folde”
⚠️ᴱQ. pingwa adj. “fat, rich (of soil)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lárëa “fat, rich”
⚠️ᴱQ. sar n. “earth, soil”; see instead:
Q. cemen “the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
Q. #sar “stone (small)”

1.213 Dust, Powder

ᴹQ. asto¹ n. “dust”
⚠️ᴱQ. mul (muld-) n. “fine powder”; see instead:
ᴹQ. mulo “dust, [ᴱQ.] fine powder”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mulda adj. “powdery”
ᴹQ. mulo (mulu-) n. “dust, [ᴱQ.] fine powder”

1.214 Mud, Mire

ᴺQ. [Q.] hlöa n. “flood, fenland”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^loxo n. “mud”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^loxor n. “swamp, bog”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúcë n. “slime”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sucul “sticky matter, slime, ⚠️gum”
ᴹQ. lúcë “enchantment”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúcima adj. “slimy”
⚠️ᴱQ. luxo (luxu-) n. “mud”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^loxo “mud”
⚠️ᴱQ. luxor n. “swamp, bog”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^loxor “swamp, bog”
Q., ᴹQ. maxo n. “mire, [ᴹQ.] sticky substance”
Q., ᴹQ. motto n. “fen, marsh; [ᴹQ.] blot”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sucul [þ] n. “sticky matter, slime, ⚠️gum”

1.215 Sand, Grit

⚠️ᴱQ. ára n. “dry sand, grit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. litsë “sand”
⚠️ᴱQ. arquilis n. “desert”; see instead:
ᴹQ. erumë “desert”
ᴹQ. erumë n. “desert”
ᴹQ. litsë n. “sand”
ᴺQ. !litsëa adj. “sandy; granular, gritty”
ᴹQ. mál n. “grit”
⚠️ᴱQ. mar⁴ (mard-) n. “grit, coarse grain or powder”; see instead:
ᴹQ. mál “grit”
⚠️ᴱQ. marma n. “sand”; see instead:
ᴹQ. litsë “sand”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyussë n. “sand”; see instead:
ᴹQ. litsë “sand”

1.22 Hill, Mountain

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ambo n. “hill, rising ground, ⚠️mount”
Q. ambuna adj. “hilly”
⚠️ᴱQ. †amun (amund-) n. “hill”; see instead:
Q. ambo “hill, rising ground, ⚠️mount”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nóla¹ n. “round head, knoll, round hilltop; ⚠️summit, [ᴱQ.] top (only used of mountains etc.); crown of head”
Q., ᴱQ. oro n. “mount, mountain, ⚠️hill”
ᴺQ. !orolanda n. “upland, plateau”
Q. #oroman (oromand-) n. “mountain dweller”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. oron (oront-) n. “mountain”
Q., ᴹQ. orto n. “[ᴹQ.] mountain-top; ⚠️[Q.] mount, mountain”
ᴺQ. !ortosta n. “mountain range”
Q. quín(ë) n. “crest, ridge”
Q. quinna adj. “crested”
⚠️ᴹQ. taras (tarass-) n. “mount, hill”; see instead:
Q. taras “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] mount, hill”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolda n. “hill (with a flat top), hill top; town on a hill”; see instead:
Q. ambo “hill, rising ground, ⚠️mount”
ᴹQ. tundo¹ (tundu-) n. “hill, mound [isolated]”

1.221 Peak, Summit

ᴹQ. aicalë n. “peak”
ᴹQ. aicassë n. “mountain peak”
ᴹQ. antaro n. “high mountain, peak, *(lit.) great height”
⚠️ᴱQ. colman n. “peak, summit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. aicassë “mountain peak”
Q. ingor n. “summit of a mountain”
ᴹQ. mintyë n. “peak”
⚠️ᴱQ. ormë¹ n. “summit, crest, hilltop”; see instead:
Q. ingor “summit of a mountain”
ᴹQ. ormë “haste, violence, wrath, rushing”
Q. orotinga n. “mountain-top”
⚠️ᴱQ. soron² n. “pinnacle, high peak, crag”; see instead:
Q. soron “eagle”
ᴺQ. !tarastar n. “highlands”
⚠️ᴱQ. tormë n. “mountain (peak)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. aicassë “mountain peak”
ᴹQ. antaro “high mountain, peak, *(lit.) great height”

1.222 Slope, Cliff

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aico (aicu-) n. “cliff”
⚠️ᴱQ. aicuvoitë adj. “cliffy, rocky”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aiquassë n. “precipice”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. am(ba)penda adj. “uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome”
ᴹQ. ambon n. “upward slope, hill-side”
ᴹQ. ampendë n. “upward slope”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ívë n. “to cliff, sheer descent, precipice”; see instead:
ᴺQ. aico “cliff”
⚠️ᴱQ. ollo n. “cliff, seaward precipice”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. penda adj. “sloping down, (steeply) inclined”
Q. penda- v. “to slope, incline”
Q., ᴹQ. pendë n. “steep incline, hillside, [ᴹQ.] (down) slope, declivity”
⚠️ᴱQ. róma n. “upward path, mountain side, (mountain) slope, alp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ampendë “upward slope”
Q. róma “[ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare; [Q.] horn”
ᴹQ. talta² n. “incline”
⚠️ᴱQ. tilta adj. “slanting”; see instead:
Q. talta “tottering, unsteady, [ᴱQ.] shaky, wobbling; [ᴹQ.] sloping, tilted, leaning, [ᴱQ.] slanting”
⚠️ᴱQ. tiltin adj. “slanting”; see instead:
Q. talta “tottering, unsteady, [ᴱQ.] shaky, wobbling; [ᴹQ.] sloping, tilted, leaning, [ᴱQ.] slanting”
ᴺQ. !varassë n. “cliff”

1.223 Mound, Pile

Q. coron (corn-) n. “mound; [ᴹQ.] globe, ball”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cumbë n. “mound, heap, [ᴱQ.] pile; load, burden”; see instead:
Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap”
⚠️ᴱQ. cumpo n. “pile”; see instead:
Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap”
ᴹQ. tumpo “hump, lump”
⚠️ᴹQ. hahta n. “heap, pile, (piled) mound”; see instead:
Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap”
Q. hahta “fence, hedge”
Q. hamna n. “pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap”
Q., ᴹQ. luppo (luppu-) n. “clumsy piece or lump”
⚠️ᴱQ. pulmë n. “lump, knob”; see instead:
Q. tolma “knob, (short rounded) handle, protuberance contrived to serve a purpose”
ᴹQ. tumpo “hump, lump”
⚠️ᴱQ. ractë n. “pile, heap”; see instead:
Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap”
ᴹQ. tumpo n. “hump, lump”
⚠️ᴱQ. tupsë n. “lump, knob”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tumpo “hump, lump”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyúma n. “lump, mass”; see instead:
Q. umbo(n) “lump, clump, mass, ⚠️hill”
Q. umbo(n) n. “lump, clump, mass, ⚠️hill”

1.23 Plain, Field

⚠️ᴱQ. endl n. “plain, vale”; see instead:
Q. nan(do) “(wide) valley, vale; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] water-mead, watered plain; [ᴱQ.] woodland”
⚠️ᴱQ. enga n. “mead”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nesselë “pasture, mead[ow]; pasturage”
⚠️ᴱQ. fal(a)toisi n. “meadow, grassland”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !salquenor “grassland, meadow”
⚠️ᴱQ. lá¹ n. “moor, heath, open space”
⚠️ᴱQ. lairë n. “meadow”; see instead:
Q. lairë “summer”
ᴹQ. landa² n. “plain”
⚠️ᴱQ. lé n. “a sward, glade”; see instead:
ᴺQ. palis “sward, green, lawn”
Q. lé¹ “way, method, manner”
⚠️ᴹQ. nanda n. “water-mead, watered plain”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nendo “water mead, *watered plain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nendo n. “water mead, *watered plain”
⚠️ᴱQ. nes¹ n. “mead, valley, land”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nesselë “pasture, mead[ow]; pasturage”
ᴹQ. palar n. “plain, flat field, ‘wang’”
⚠️ᴱQ. palumë n. “plain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. palar “plain, flat field, ‘wang’”
ᴺQ. !salquenor n. “grassland, meadow”

1.24 Dale, Valley

Q., ᴹQ. imbë² n. “deep valley, (wide) ravine, [ᴹQ.] glen, dell, (lit.) tween-land”
Q. imbilat n. “*deep valley”
⚠️ᴹQ. latimbë n. “glen”; see instead:
Q. imbilat “*deep valley”
⚠️ᴱQ. nal (nald-) n. “dale, dell”; see instead:
Q. imbë² “deep valley, (wide) ravine, [ᴹQ.] glen, dell, (lit.) tween-land”
⚠️ᴱQ. nalda adj. “lowly, valley (aj.), dale (aj.)”; see instead:
Q. tumba “[ᴹQ.] deep, lowlying; ⚠️[Q.] deep valley”
Q., ᴱQ. nan(do) n. “(wide) valley, vale; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] water-mead, watered plain; [ᴱQ.] woodland”
Q., ᴹQ. tumba adj. “[ᴹQ.] deep, lowlying; ⚠️[Q.] deep valley”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tumbo (tumbu-) n. “deep vale, valley, [ᴱQ.] dale”
⚠️ᴱQ. umbë n. “dale, dell”; see instead:
Q. imbë² “deep valley, (wide) ravine, [ᴹQ.] glen, dell, (lit.) tween-land”
Q. umbë “imminence, threat; premonition, fear, unwelcome expectation”

1.241 Ravine, Pass

Q. (a)nacca n. “narrows, defile, pass, cut”
⚠️ᴹQ. axa n. “ravine, narrow path; edge”; see instead:
Q. (a)nacca “narrows, defile, pass, cut”
Q. címa “edge of a cutting weapon/tool”
⚠️ᴹQ. cilya n. “cleft, pass between hills, gorge; chasm”; see instead:
Q. cirya² “cleft, pass”
⚠️ᴱQ. cirmë n. “cleft, gully”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yáwë “ravine, cleft, gully”
Q. cirya² n. “cleft, pass”
⚠️ᴱQ. falqua n. “(mountain) pass, ravine, cliff, cleft”; see instead:
Q. cirya² “cleft, pass”
ᴹQ. yáwë “ravine, cleft, gully”
ᴺQ. aico “cliff”
⚠️ᴱQ. fásë n. “gulf, gap”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yáwë “ravine, cleft, gully”
ᴹQ. yáwë n. “ravine, cleft, gully”

1.25 Isle, Island

⚠️ᴹQ. lóna¹ n. “island, remote land difficult to reach”; see instead:
Q. #lónë “isle, [ᴹQ.] island, remote land difficult to reach”
Q. #lónë n. “isle, [ᴹQ.] island, remote land difficult to reach”
Q. nortil n. “cape (of land)”
ᴺQ. !pertol (pertoll-) n. “peninsula”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tollë¹ n. “island, (steep) isle”
ᴺQ. !tollesta n. “archipelago”
ᴺQ. !tolloquen n. “islander”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolomë n. “island”

1.27 Shore, Beach

⚠️ᴱQ. ailin² n. “shore”; see instead:
Q. hresta “beach, shore”
⚠️ᴱQ. aractë n. “(stony) beach”; see instead:
Q. sarnië “shingle, pebble bank”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. falassë n. “(wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] beach”
ᴺQ. !falassëa adj. “coastal”
⚠️ᴹQ. fára n. “beach, shore”; see instead:
Q. hresta “beach, shore”
Q. falassë “(wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] beach”
Q. hresta n. “beach, shore”
⚠️ᴱQ. marmalë n. “beach”; see instead:
Q. hresta “beach, shore”
⚠️ᴱQ. rímen n. “border, shore”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hríma “edge, hem, border”
Q. hresta “beach, shore”
⚠️ᴱQ. soractë n. “beach”; see instead:
Q. hresta “beach, shore”

1.31 Water

⚠️ᴱQ. linquëa adj. “watery”
⚠️ᴱQ. mirmila adj. “rippling”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nén (nen-) n. “water, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] river”
⚠️ᴱQ. ninda¹ n. “water, river”; see instead:
Q. nén “water, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] river”
Q. yulunefítë adj. “amphibious, *(lit.) drinking-breathing”

1.32 Sea

Q., ᴹQ. †airë² n. “sea”
⚠️ᴹQ. airen n. “sea”; see instead:
Q. †airon “ocean”
Q. †airon n. “ocean”
Q., ᴹQ. ëar n. “sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; ⚠️water”
Q., ᴹQ. ëaren n. “ocean, great sea”
ᴺQ. !ëarina adj. “of the sea”
⚠️ᴱQ. haloisi n. “the sea (in storm)”; see instead:
Q. raumo “(noise of a) storm”
Q. váya “ocean, [stormy] sea”
⚠️ᴱQ. laivar n. “ocean”
⚠️ᴱQ. ua n. “the sea”; see instead:
Q. ëar “sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; ⚠️water”
Q. váya n. “ocean, [stormy] sea”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vëa² n. “sea”; see instead:
Q. váya “ocean, [stormy] sea”

1.33 Lake, Pond

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ailin n. “(large) lake, [ᴹQ.] pool”
⚠️ᴱQ. ailo (ailu-) n. “lake, pool”; see instead:
Q. ailin “(large) lake, [ᴹQ.] pool”
⚠️ᴹQ. lindë² n. “pool”; see instead:
ᴹQ. linya “pool”
ᴹQ. linya n. “pool”
⚠️ᴱQ. liquilla n. “(clear) pool”; see instead:
ᴹQ. linya “pool”
Q. lóna n. “(deep) pool, mere, river-feeding well”
⚠️ᴱQ. moilë n. “tarn”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ringwë “cold pool or lake (in mountains)”
Q., ᴹQ. nendë n. “lake, [ᴹQ.] pool”
ᴹQ. ringwë n. “cold pool or lake (in mountains)”

1.34 Gulf, Bay

⚠️ᴱQ. cópa n. “harbour, haven, bay”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hópa “haven, harbour, small landlocked bay”
ᴹQ. hópa n. “haven, harbour, small landlocked bay”

1.35 Wave, Surge

Q., ᴱQ. falasta- v. “to foam, surge, [ᴱQ.] make a sound like surf”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. falma n. “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. falmar n. “wave (as it breaks), foamcrest”; see instead:
Q. falma “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. palastor n. “surf”; see instead:
Q. falassë “(wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] beach”
ᴹQ. solor “surf, [ᴱQ.] surge; ⚠️wavebreak, coast”
⚠️ᴱQ. palaswin (palaswing-) n. “wave-crest”; see instead:
Q. falma “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. solmë n. “wave”; see instead:
Q. falma “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] foam”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. solor n. “surf, [ᴱQ.] surge; ⚠️wavebreak, coast”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^solta- v. “to wave, heave, surge (up and down)”
⚠️ᴱQ. solto- v. “to wave, heave, surge (up and down)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^solta- “to wave, heave, surge (up and down)”
⚠️Q. vairë adj. “?wavy”; see instead:
Q. falma “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] foam”

1.351 Foam, Froth

ᴹQ. fallë n. “foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. falmo n. “foam”; see instead:
Q. falma “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] foam”
ᴹQ. fallë “foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. hoiyë n. “foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. palassë n. “foam, splashing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. fallë “foam”
Q. vingë “foam, spindrift, spray, [ᴹQ.] wave crest, [ᴱQ.] froth, scud; ⚠️wave”
⚠️ᴱQ. palassëa adj. “foaming (of the sea)”
⚠️ᴱQ. uilossë n. “foam”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vingë [w] n. “foam, spindrift, spray, [ᴹQ.] wave crest, [ᴱQ.] froth, scud; ⚠️wave”

1.352 Splash, Spray

ᴺQ. !falarië n. “splashing, splash”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^falarya- v. “to splash, ⚠️foam”
⚠️ᴺQ. !palasta- v. “to splash, sprinkle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^falarya- “to splash, ⚠️foam”
⚠️ᴺQ. !palastië n. “splashing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !falarië “splashing, splash”
⚠️ᴱQ. palasya- v. “to splash, foam”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^falarya- “to splash, ⚠️foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. timpa n. “spray, nozzle of hose”; see instead:
Q. vingë “foam, spindrift, spray, [ᴹQ.] wave crest, [ᴱQ.] froth, scud; ⚠️wave”
⚠️ᴱQ. timpina adj. “fine, powdered, sprayed”; see instead:
Q. vingë “foam, spindrift, spray, [ᴹQ.] wave crest, [ᴱQ.] froth, scud; ⚠️wave”
⚠️ᴱQ. timpinë n. “spray”; see instead:
Q. vingë “foam, spindrift, spray, [ᴹQ.] wave crest, [ᴱQ.] froth, scud; ⚠️wave”
⚠️ᴱQ. vasca adj. “making a plash or rush”

1.36 Brook, Stream, River

ᴺQ. !anasirë n. “tributary”
⚠️ᴱQ. axa¹ n. “waterfall”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lantasírë “waterfall, (lit.) falling river”
ᴹQ. celma n. “channel”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. celumë n. “flow(ing), stream, flood (tide); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] fountain, spring”
⚠️ᴱQ. celusindi n. “river (near its source)”
ᴹQ. celut n. “rivulet”
ᴹQ. etsir n. “mouth of a river, *(lit.) outflow”
ᴺQ. !lantasírë n. “waterfall, (lit.) falling river”
Q. -(n)duinë suf. “(large) river”
ᴹQ. nellë n. “brook, *stream”
ᴹQ. ráva² n. “bank (especially of a river)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sindi n. “river”; see instead:
Q. sír(ë) “river, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] stream”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sír(ë) (síri-) n. “river, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] stream”
ᴹQ. siril n. “rivulet”
⚠️ᴱQ. wenda n. “brook”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nellë “brook, *stream”
⚠️ᴱQ. wentë n. “brook, small river”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nellë “brook, *stream”
⚠️ᴱQ. wereven(da) (werevend-) n. “winding rill”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nellë “brook, *stream”

1.37 Spring, Well

⚠️ᴱQ. capalinda n. “spring of water”; see instead:
Q. ehtelë “spring, issue of water”
⚠️ᴱQ. cecta n. “jet, spring”; see instead:
Q. ehtelë “spring, issue of water”
Q. celussë “freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring”
⚠️ᴱQ. cectelë n. “fountain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. celurë “fountain”
⚠️ᴱQ. †cectelu- v. “to bubble up”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ehtelu- “to well, bubble up”
⚠️ᴹQ. celulindë (celulindi-) n. “spring”; see instead:
Q. celussë “freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring”
ᴹQ. celurë n. “fountain”
Q. celussë n. “freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring”
⚠️ᴺQ. !celwë n. “spring, source”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^celu “source, origin”
⚠️ᴱQ. ectelë n. “fountain”; see instead:
Q. ehtelë “spring, issue of water”
ᴹQ. celurë “fountain”
Q., ᴹQ. ehtelë n. “spring, issue of water”
ᴹQ. ehtelu- v. “to well, bubble up”
⚠️ᴱQ. ehtil n. “spring, fount, source”; see instead:
Q. ehtelë “spring, issue of water”
ᴺQ. !laucehtelë n. “hot spring”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelu n. “well, spring, source”; see instead:
Q. ehtelë “spring, issue of water”
ᴺQ. ^celu “source, origin”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelu- v. “to well up”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ehtelu- “to well, bubble up”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tampo n. “well”
⚠️ᴱQ. vascelu n. “fountain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. celurë “fountain”

1.38 Whirlpool

ᴹQ. hwindë n. “eddy, whirlpool”
ᴺQ. !hwinwaiwa n. “whirlwind”

1.41 Woods, Forest

⚠️ᴱQ. málos n. “forest”; see instead:
Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood”
Q. ornendur n. “tree-keep, forester, woodsman”
ᴺQ. !rostaurë n. “rainforest”
⚠️ᴱQ. tauno n. “(great) forest”; see instead:
Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. taurë n. “forest, (great) wood”
Q. #taurëa adj. “forested”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tauron (taurond-) n. “forester”; see instead:
Q. ornendur “tree-keep, forester, woodsman”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tavas (tavast-) n. “woodland”
ᴺQ. !töasta n. “grove”

1.43 Wood, Timber

⚠️ᴱQ. aldarë n. “wood”; see instead:
Q. töa “wood (as material)”
⚠️ᴱQ. cinda n. “splinter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^cirda “splinter, wood shaving”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^cirda n. “splinter, wood shaving”
ᴺQ. !moritöa n. “ebony wood”
ᴺQ. !mortavar n. “ebony, ⚠️ivory”
ᴹQ. runda n. “rough piece of wood”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sacillë [þ] n. “splinter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^cirda “splinter, wood shaving”
Q. tauca adj. “stiff, wooden”
⚠️ᴹQ. taurina adj. “of wood”; see instead:
Q. toina “wood, *wooden, made of wood”
⚠️ᴹQ. tavar n. “wood (material)”; see instead:
Q. töa “wood (as material)”
Q. töa n. “wood (as material)”
Q., ᴹQ. toina adj. “wood, *wooden, made of wood”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tundo n. “firewood, fuel”
⚠️ᴱQ. turu n. “wood (as material), (orig.) firewood”; see instead:
Q. töa “wood (as material)”
⚠️ᴱQ. turúva adj. “wooden”; see instead:
Q. toina “wood, *wooden, made of wood”
⚠️ᴱQ. turuvoitë adj. “rich in timber”

1.44 Rock, Stone

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] alas (alast-) n. “marble”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] alasta adj. “of marble, marble”
⚠️ᴱQ. alaswa adj. “like marble”; see instead:
ᴺQ. alasta “of marble, marble”
ᴺQ. !alon (alond-) n. “limestone, (lit.) grow-stone”
ᴺQ. !ambalasar (ambalasarn-) n. “stalagmite, (lit.) up-growing stone”
⚠️ᴱQ. arac n. “shingle, piles of stones”; see instead:
Q. sarnië “shingle, pebble bank”
ᴺQ. !canton (cantond-) n. “soapstone, (lit.) sculpted rock”
⚠️ᴱQ. #hon¹ (hond-) n. “stone, rock”; see instead:
Q. ondo “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock”
ᴺQ. !hwandasar (hwandasarn-) n. “pumice, (lit.) sponge-stone”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyellë n. “pebble”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sarnincë “pebble”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽lallë (lalli-) n. “pebble”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sarnincë “pebble”
ᴺQ. !liptasar (liptasarn-) n. “dripstone”
ᴺQ. !litsëon (litsëond-) n. “sandstone”
ᴺQ. !maxon (maxond-) n. “mudstone”
ᴺQ. !moricalca n. “obsidian, (lit.) black glass”
ᴺQ. !morteccon (morteccond-) n. “graphite, (lit.) black writing rock”
ᴺQ. !nellon (nellond-) n. “granite, (lit.) tri-rock”
ᴺQ. !ninteccon (ninteccond-) n. “chalk, (lit.) white writing rock”
⚠️ᴱQ. on(d) n. “(a) stone”; see instead:
Q. ondo “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock”
Q. #sar “stone (small)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ondo n. “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^ondova adj. “stony”
⚠️ᴱQ. onwa adj. “stony”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ondova “stony”
ᴺQ. !racon (racond-) n. “cobblestone, (lit.) broken stone”
ᴺQ. !rimpion (rimpiond-) n. “gneiss, (lit.) stripe-rock”
ᴺQ. !rúcinon (rúcinond-) n. “breccia, (lit.) ruined stone”
ᴺQ. !sancon (sancond-) [þ] n. “schist, (lit.) split-rock”
Q., ᴹQ. #sar (sarn-) n. “stone (small)”
ᴹQ. sarna adj. “of stone”
ᴹQ. sarnë n. “stony place”
Q. sarnië n. “shingle, pebble bank”
ᴺQ. !sarnincë n. “pebble”
ᴺQ. !sarya- v. “to stone”
ᴺQ. !seruinon (seruinond-) n. “sedimentary rock, (lit.) settled-rock”
⚠️ᴱQ. silic (siliqu-) n. “flint”; see instead:
Q. #sinca “flint; *flinty”
⚠️ᴱQ. siliqu(in)a adj. “flinty”; see instead:
Q. #sinca “flint; *flinty”
Q. #sinca n. and adj. “flint; *flinty”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sincë (sinci-) n. “mineral [as in any solid inorganic substance], ⚠️gem, metal”
⚠️ᴱQ. soraxa n. “shingle”; see instead:
Q. sarnië “shingle, pebble bank”
ᴺQ. !sundon (sundond-) n. “bedrock, (lit.) base-rock”
ᴺQ. !talmondo n. “foundation stone”
ᴺQ. !tarmon (tarmond-) n. “basalt, (lit.) pillar-rock”
⚠️ᴹQ. #tinga n. “*flint”; see instead:
Q. #sinca “flint; *flinty”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolot (toloct-) n. “pebble, cobble-stone”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sarnincë “pebble”
ᴹQ. ambal “shaped stone, flag [stone]”
ᴺQ. !undalasar (undalasarn-) n. “stalactite, (lit.) down-growing stone”
ᴺQ. !virittë n. “gravel”

1.46 Cave

⚠️ᴱQ. asampe(a) adj. “cavernous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rondova “cavernous”
⚠️ᴱQ. cambo n. “cellar, cave, vault”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sampo “*cellar, vault; ⚠️cave, hollow”
⚠️Q. felco n. “cave, mine, underground dwelling”; see instead:
Q. felya “mine, boring, tunnel, ⚠️underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave”
Q., ᴹQ. felya n. “mine, boring, tunnel, ⚠️underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave”
Q. hróta n. “dwelling underground, artificial cave or rockhewn hall”
⚠️ᴱQ. orot n. “cave”; see instead:
Q. rotto “tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”
⚠️ᴱQ. ronda n. “cavern”; see instead:
Q. rondo¹ “vaulted or arched roof, vaulted hall; [ᴹQ.] cavern, ⚠️cave”
Q., ᴹQ. rondo¹ n. “vaulted or arched roof, vaulted hall; [ᴹQ.] cavern, ⚠️cave”
ᴺQ. !rondova adj. “cavernous”
⚠️ᴱQ. rótelë n. “cave”; see instead:
Q. rotto “tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”
⚠️ᴱQ. rotl n. “cave, hollow, grot”; see instead:
Q. rotto “tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”
Q., ᴹQ. rotto n. “tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”
⚠️ᴱQ. sampë n. “cave, hollow”; see instead:
Q. rotto “tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”
Q. unquë “hollow, [ᴹQ.] cavity, hole”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sampo n. “*cellar, vault; ⚠️cave, hollow”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinquelë n. “mine”; see instead:
Q. felya “mine, boring, tunnel, ⚠️underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave”

1.51 Sky, Heavens

Q. fanyarë n. “the skies (not heaven or firmament), the upper airs and clouds”
ᴹQ. hellë¹ n. “sky”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilwë n. “sky, heavens”; see instead:
Q. menel “the heavens, firmament, sky”
Q., ᴹQ. menel n. “the heavens, firmament, sky”
ᴺQ. !menelwa adj. “heavenly”
⚠️ᴱQ. taimë n. “sky”; see instead:
Q. vilya “air, sky”
ᴹQ. hellë¹ “sky”
⚠️ᴱQ. taitelúmë n. “firmament”; see instead:
Q. menel “the heavens, firmament, sky”
⚠️ᴱQ. vaitë adj. “skied”; see instead:
Q. vilya “air, sky”
⚠️ᴱQ. vaiya¹ n. “sky, skies”; see instead:
Q. vilya “air, sky”

1.52 Sun

⚠️ᴱQ. Ahúra n. “Sun”; see instead:
Q. Anar “Sun”
⚠️ᴱQ. †ahúrasilqui n. “sun and moon”
Q., ᴹQ. Anar (Anár-) n. “Sun”
Q., ᴹQ. árë (ári-) n. “sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); *noontide; ⚠️day”
⚠️ᴺQ. !árinqua adj. “sunny, (lit.) sunlight-full”; see instead:
Q. calina “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined”
Q. arma n. “ray of sunlight”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aurëa adj. “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
⚠️ᴱQ. aurinca adj. “sunny”; see instead:
ᴺQ. aurëa “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
Q. calina “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined”
⚠️ᴱQ. auro n. “sun”; see instead:
Q. Anar “Sun”
⚠️ᴱQ. aurquila adj. “golden, sunlit”; see instead:
Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
ᴺQ. aurëa “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
Q. ceuranar (ceuranár-) n. “new sun after solstice”
⚠️ᴱQ. firin¹ n. “ray of sun”; see instead:
Q. arma “ray of sunlight”
ᴹQ. firin “dead (by natural cause)”
⚠️ᴱQ. osto n. “gates of the Sun”; see instead:
Q. osto “fortress, stronghold, strong place; [ᴹQ.] city, town with wall round”

1.53 Moon

Q. ceuran (*ceurán-) n. “new-moon”
Q., ᴹQ. Isil [þ] n. “Moon, (lit.) Sheen”
Q. isilmë [þ] n. “moonlight”
ᴺQ. !quaran (quarán-) n. “full-moon”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Rána n. “Moon, (lit.) Wayward”
⚠️ᴱQ. ránuringwi n. “sun and moon”
⚠️ᴱQ. rincu n. “orb of Moon”
⚠️ᴱQ. Sil (Sill-) n. “Moon; Rose”; see instead:
Q. Isil “Moon, (lit.) Sheen”
⚠️ᴱQ. silma n. “ray of moonlight”; see instead:
Q. isilmë “moonlight”
Q. silma “crystal (white); [ᴹQ.] silver, shining white”
⚠️ᴱQ. silmëa adj. “*of the moon”
⚠️ᴱQ. silmerána n. “gleaming moon, silver moon”

1.54 Star

Q., ᴹQ. †él n. “star”
Q., ᴹQ. elen n. “star”
ᴺQ. !elengolmë n. “astronomy”
Q. elenya adj. “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar”
ᴺQ. !elhísë [þ] n. “nebula, star cloud”
ᴺQ. !élicombë n. “galaxy, collection of stars”
Q. elvëa adj. “starlike”
⚠️ᴱQ. ílë n. “star”; see instead:
Q. nillë¹ “silver glint; Valinorian imagines [images of real stars]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] letinwessë n. “constellation”
⚠️ᴱQ. lintitinwë adj. “having many stars, many-starred”
Q. meneldil n. “astronomer, *(lit.) lover of the heavens”
Q. nillë¹ [ñ-] n. “silver glint; Valinorian imagines [images of real stars]”
ᴹQ. tingilya n. “twinkling star”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tinwë n. “spark, [apparent] star”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] titinwë n. “small star, sparkle of dew, *small sparkling thing”

1.542 Starlight

ᴹQ. élë n. “star-ray, beam, flashing of [?starry] light”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. silmë n. “starlight; [ᴹQ.] silver [light], ⚠️moonlight, light of Silpion”

1.55 Flash, Lightning

Q. alca- v. “to glitter, *shine out, flash”
ᴺQ. !í- pref. “e-, a prefix for electronic things like e-book”
Q. íta¹ n. “flash”
ᴺQ. !ítacelmë n. “electricity”
ᴺQ. !ítacelmëa n. “electrical”
ᴺQ. !ítacelmítë n. “electronic”
⚠️ᴱQ. silë n. “glint (of white)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tindë “glint”
ᴹQ. tinda adj. “glinting (silver)”
ᴹQ. tindë n. “glint”
ᴺQ. !volta n. “volt”
ᴺQ. !voltië n. “voltage”
⚠️ᴱQ. wintil n. “a glint”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tindë “glint”
⚠️ᴱQ. winwë (winwi-) n. “a sparkling, flash”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tintilië “sparkling, twinkling”
⚠️ᴱQ. winya- v. “to flash, glint”; see instead:
Q. tin- “to spark, glitter, [ᴹQ.] glint, [ᴱQ.] gleam, shine as a star”
Q. alca- “to glitter, *shine out, flash”

1.56 Noise, Thunder

⚠️ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] fundu- v. “to thunder”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hundu- “to thunder”
Q. hlón(a) (hlon-) n. “noise, sound; *phone (in linguistics), speech sound”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hlonda- v. “to boom, bang, make (loud) noise”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hlondë n. “loud noise”
ᴺQ. !hundo n. “thunder”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hundu- v. “to thunder”
ᴹQ. indyalmë n. “clamour”
⚠️ᴱQ. lausta-² v. “to roar, rush [making a rushing sound]”
⚠️ᴱQ. lausto adv. “*noisily”
⚠️ᴱQ. limpalassë n. “much roaring”
⚠️ᴱQ. limpalassëa adj. “much roaring”
⚠️ᴱQ. londa- v. “to boom, bang”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlonda- “to boom, bang, make (loud) noise”
⚠️ᴱQ. lon(dë) (lond-) n. “loud noise”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlondë “loud noise”
⚠️ᴱQ. patacan n. “rattling, clatter”
⚠️ᴱQ. patacanda adj. “rattling, clattering”
⚠️ᴱQ. patacatapaca n. “rat-a-tat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^patacë n. “clatter”
⚠️ᴱQ. patacta- v. “to clatter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^patahta- “to clatter; *to clap (+ instrumental of hands)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^patahta- v. “to clatter; *to clap (+ instrumental of hands)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ran (ram-) n. “noise”; see instead:
Q. hlón(a) “noise, sound; *phone (in linguistics), speech sound”
ᴺQ. !rav- v. “to roar”
Q. rávë n. “roaring noise”
Q. rávëa adj. “roaring”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tompo-tompo n. “noise of drums (or guns)”
ᴺQ. !umberóma n. “alarm, siren, (lit.) threat-trumpeting”

1.61 Light

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. alca n. “ray of light, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] light of day; shining”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cala n. “light; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] daytime (sunlight), 12 hours”
⚠️Q. cálë n. “light”; see instead:
Q. cala “light; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] daytime (sunlight), 12 hours”
⚠️ᴱQ. cal(l)u- v. “to illuminate, to light up”; see instead:
ᴹQ. calya- “to illuminate”
ᴹQ. calya- v. “to illuminate”
⚠️ᴱQ. catë (cati-) n. “gleam, ray”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alca “ray of light, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] light of day; shining”
⚠️Q. †fá¹ n. “*ray of light, flame”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alca “ray of light, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] light of day; shining”
ᴺQ. !Foralcar n. “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
ᴺQ. !Hyaralcar n. “aurora, (lit.) southern radiance”
Q. linquë² n. and adj. “light-substance; liquid light, *photons”

1.62 Darkness

⚠️ᴱQ. hui n. “dark, murk, fog; night, evening”; see instead:
Q. huinë “gloom, (unrelieved) darkness, deep shadow, ⚠️night shade; dark (as a substance)”
Q., ᴹQ. huinë n. “gloom, (unrelieved) darkness, deep shadow, ⚠️night shade; dark (as a substance)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilcala n. “*nighttime, darkness”
Q. lúmë² n. “darkness”
⚠️ᴱQ. lur- v. “?to be dark”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nur- “to grow/be dark”
ᴹQ. nur- v. “to grow/be dark”
ᴺQ. !tihtë n. “glimpse”
ᴺQ. !ulva n. “eclipse, darkening”
⚠️ᴹQ. ungwë n. “gloom”; see instead:
Q. huinë “gloom, (unrelieved) darkness, deep shadow, ⚠️night shade; dark (as a substance)”
Q. ungwë “spider’s web; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] spider; [ᴹQ.] gloom”
⚠️ᴱQ. yara n. “a gloom, blight, lowering darkness”; see instead:
Q. lumbo “cloud, [ᴱQ.] dark lowering cloud; [Q.] gloom, dark, shade”
Q. yára “old, ancient, [ᴹQ.] belonging to or descending from former times”

1.622 Dark, Murky

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] huiva adj. “murky, *(nearly) lightless”
Q. lilómëa adj. “many-shadowed, very dark, full of darkness”
⚠️ᴹQ. lóna² adj. “dark”; see instead:
Q. lúna “*dark”
Q. lumba adj. “gloomy”
Q. lúna adj. “*dark”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. morë (mori-) adj. and n. “dark, black; darkness, [ᴹQ.] blackness, [Q.] night”
Q. mornië n. “darkness, blackness”
Q. úcalima adj. “dim, murky, *not bright”
⚠️ᴱQ. yanda adj. “dark, gloomy”; see instead:
Q. lumba “gloomy”
Q. yanda “wide”

1.63 Shade, Shadow

Q. hala n. “cast shadow, *shade”
ᴹQ. halda¹ adj. “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”
⚠️ᴹQ. laimë n. “shadow (cast by an object or form), shade”; see instead:
Q. hala “cast shadow, *shade”
⚠️ᴹQ. laira adj. “shady”; see instead:
ᴹQ. halda¹ “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”
⚠️ᴹQ. leo n. “shade, shadow cast by any object”; see instead:
Q. hala “cast shadow, *shade”
Q., ᴱQ. #lómëa adj. “shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like”
⚠️ᴱQ. lómin n. “shade, shadow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lumbë “gloom, shadow”
⚠️ᴱQ. lómina adj. “shadowy”; see instead:
Q. #lómëa “shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like”
ᴹQ. lumbë n. “gloom, shadow”
Q. lumbulë n. “dark shadow, heavy shadow; deep in shadow”

1.71 Air, Ether

⚠️ᴱQ. ilma n. “air”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vilina adj. “airy, breezy; light [weight?]”
Q. vilya [w] n. “air, sky”
⚠️ᴱQ. vílyava adj. “airy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. vilina “airy, breezy; light [weight?]”
ᴹQ. vista n. “air as substance”
⚠️ᴹQ. wilma n. “inner or lower air”; see instead:
Q. vilya “air, sky”

1.72 Wind

Q. hwarwa n. “violent wind”
⚠️ᴱQ. noswë n. “a wet wind (SW)”
Q., ᴱQ. sú n. “sound of wind, [ᴱQ.] noise of wind”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] suiva adj. “soughing, moaning [of wind]”
⚠️ᴱQ. súlimë n. “wind”; see instead:
Q. Súlimë “March, *Windy-one”
Q. súrë “wind, breeze”
Q. súrë (súri-) n. “wind, breeze”
⚠️ᴱQ. súru n. “air-spirit; wind, gale”; see instead:
Q. súrë “wind, breeze”
Q. vailë “[strong] wind, *gale”
⚠️ᴱQ. susúlima adj. “full of wind, windy, airy”
⚠️ᴱQ. †súyë n. “air, breezes, winds”; see instead:
Q. súrë “wind, breeze”
Q. vailë n. “[strong] wind, *gale”
Q. vailima adj. “windy”
⚠️ᴹQ. vaiwa n. “wind”; see instead:
Q. vailë “[strong] wind, *gale”
⚠️Q. váva n. “*wind”; see instead:
Q. vailë “[strong] wind, *gale”
⚠️ᴱQ. wá n. “wind”; see instead:
Q. vailë “[strong] wind, *gale”
⚠️ᴱQ. wanwavoitë adj. “windy”; see instead:
Q. vailima “windy”

1.722 Storm

⚠️ᴱQ. húro n. “storm”; see instead:
Q. raumo “(noise of a) storm”
⚠️ᴱQ. laumë¹ n. “storm, overcast sky”; see instead:
Q. raumo “(noise of a) storm”
⚠️ᴱQ. laumëa adj. “dark, stormy”
Q. raumo n. “(noise of a) storm”
ᴺQ. !ulussë n. “monsoon, (lit.) rain-ness, rainy one”
Q. vangwë n. “storm, *gale; ⚠️blow”
⚠️ᴱQ. wanwa n. “great gale”; see instead:
Q. vangwë “storm, *gale; ⚠️blow”

1.723 Breeze

Q., ᴹQ. hwesta n. “breeze; [ᴹQ.] breath, puff of air”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vílë n. “gentle breeze”

1.73 Cloud, Mirk

⚠️ᴱQ. aulo n. “cloud”; see instead:
Q. fanya “(white) cloud, white and shining [thing]; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] sky; white”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. fanya n. “(white) cloud, white and shining [thing]; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] sky; white”
Q., ᴱQ. lumbo n. “cloud, [ᴱQ.] dark lowering cloud; [Q.] gloom, dark, shade”
⚠️ᴹQ. ungo n. “cloud, dark shadow”; see instead:
Q. lumbo “cloud, [ᴱQ.] dark lowering cloud; [Q.] gloom, dark, shade”

1.74 Mist, Fog, Haze

Q. fanwë n. “vapour, steam”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #hísë (hísi-) [þ] n. “mist, [ᴹQ.] fog, [ᴱQ.] haze; ⚠️dusk; bleared”
ᴺQ. !hísëa adj. “misty”
Q. hísië [þ] n. “mist, mistiness”
ᴹQ. hiswë [þ] n. “fog”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hwestalauca n. “vapour”; see instead:
Q. fanwë “vapour, steam”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hwestalaucata- v. “to vapourize”; see instead:
Q. fanwë “vapour, steam”
⚠️ᴱQ. mirdë n. “mist”; see instead:
Q. mistë “drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain”
⚠️ᴱQ. nótë n. “dew”; see instead:
Q. #rossë “(fine) rain; [ᴹQ.] dew; *spray, shower; ⚠️[Q.] foam”
ᴹQ. nótë “number”
⚠️ᴱQ. quossë n. “mist”; see instead:
Q. #hísë “mist, [ᴹQ.] fog, [ᴱQ.] haze; ⚠️dusk; bleared”
⚠️ᴱQ. rin² (ring-) n. “dew”; see instead:
Q. #rossë “(fine) rain; [ᴹQ.] dew; *spray, shower; ⚠️[Q.] foam”

1.75 Rain

⚠️ᴹQ. celya- v. “to rain; (lit.) to send running down”; see instead:
Q. #ul- “to rain”
⚠️ᴱQ. mië¹ n. “mist, drizzle”; see instead:
Q. mistë “drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain”
Q., ᴹQ. mistë n. “drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain”
⚠️ᴱQ. notë (notsi-) n. “drizzle”; see instead:
Q. mistë “drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain”
⚠️ᴱQ. notsiva adj. “drizzling”
Q., ᴹQ. #rossë n. “(fine) rain; [ᴹQ.] dew; *spray, shower; ⚠️[Q.] foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. timpë n. “fine rain”; see instead:
Q. mistë “drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain”
Q. #rossë “(fine) rain; [ᴹQ.] dew; *spray, shower; ⚠️[Q.] foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. timpínëa adj. “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)”; see instead:
Q. vingë “foam, spindrift, spray, [ᴹQ.] wave crest, [ᴱQ.] froth, scud; ⚠️wave”
Q. #ul- v. “to rain”
Q. ulo (*ulu-) n. “rain”
⚠️ᴱQ. #uqu- v. “to rain”; see instead:
Q. #ul- “to rain”
⚠️ᴱQ. úquil n. “rain”; see instead:
Q. ulo “rain”

1.752 Rainbow

ᴹQ. helyanwë n. “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining”
⚠️ᴱQ. iluquinga n. “rainbow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helyanwë “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilweran(ta) n. “bridge of heaven, rainbow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helyanwë “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining”
⚠️ᴱQ. uccu n. “rainbow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helyanwë “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining”

1.76 Snow

⚠️ᴱQ. fauta- v. “to snow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hris- “to snow”
⚠️ᴱQ. fáwë n. “snow”; see instead:
Q. lossë¹ “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy”
ᴺQ. !helexë n. “hail”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^hris- v. “to snow”
Q. hrissë n. “fall of snow”
Q. hristil n. “snow (?peak)”
⚠️Q. hrisya- [þ] v. “to snow (impersonal)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hris- “to snow”
⚠️Q. †#hriz- v. “to snow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hris- “to snow”
ᴺQ. !hwarrissë n. “blizzard, (lit.) blowing fall of snow”
⚠️ᴱQ. is (iss-) n. “light snow”; see instead:
Q. lossë¹ “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy”
Q. lossë¹ n. and adj. “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy”
Q. lossëa adj. “snowy, (snow) white”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nieninquë n. “snowdrop, [ᴹQ.] (lit.) white tear”
Q., ᴱQ. nieninquëa adj. “like a snowdrop”
⚠️ᴱQ. niquetil (niquetild-) n. “snow cap”
⚠️ᴱQ. niquileninquë adj. “snow-white”
⚠️ᴱQ. niquilis n. “fine snow”; see instead:
Q. lossë¹ “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy”
⚠️ᴱQ. niquissëa adj. “snowy”; see instead:
Q. lossëa “snowy, (snow) white”
⚠️ᴱQ. niquista- v. “to snow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hris- “to snow”
⚠️ᴹQ. †olos(së) n. “snow, fallen snow”; see instead:
Q. lossë¹ “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiquilin n. “thaw, melting snow, slush”

1.77 Ice, Frost

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. helcë n. “ice”
ᴹQ. helcelimbë n. “*icicle, (lit.) ice-drop”
ᴺQ. !helcelmë n. “glacier; (lit.) frozen flow”
⚠️ᴹQ. helen (helem-) n. “icicle”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helcelimbë “*icicle, (lit.) ice-drop”
⚠️ᴹQ. hellë² n. “frost”; see instead:
Q. nixë “frost; ⚠️ice-flake or snow-flake”
ᴹQ. hellë¹ “sky”
⚠️ᴹQ. helor n. “frost”; see instead:
Q. nixë “frost; ⚠️ice-flake or snow-flake”
⚠️ᴱQ. liquilitl n. “icicle, *(lit.) clear drop”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helcelimbë “*icicle, (lit.) ice-drop”
Q. niquessë n. “frost-patterns; snowflake, ice-flake; (lit.) chill feather”
Q., ᴱQ. niquis (niquiss-) n. “snowflake, ice-flake; petal (loose) of a white flower; ⚠️frost-patterns, [ᴱQ.] snow”
Q. nixë n. “frost; ⚠️ice-flake or snow-flake”
⚠️ᴱQ. ringwë n. “rime, frost; cold”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ringë “cold, *chill”
Q. nixë “frost; ⚠️ice-flake or snow-flake”
ᴹQ. ringwë “cold pool or lake (in mountains)”
⚠️ᴱQ. yalca n. “ice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helcë “ice”
⚠️ᴱQ. yelma n. “(a bout of) frost; a cold; chill”; see instead:
Q. nixë “frost; ⚠️ice-flake or snow-flake”

1.772 to Freeze

⚠️ᴱQ. halcin adj. “frozen”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !helina “frozen”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hel- v. “to freeze (of water)”
ᴺQ. !helina adj. “frozen”
⚠️ᴱQ. hilc- v. “to freeze”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hel- “to freeze (of water)”
Q. niqu- v. “to be chill, cold, freeze (of weather), ⚠️snow”

1.78 Weather

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] callë n. “fair weather, clear sky, blue sky”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] calleva adj. “fair (weather or complexion)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lúrë n. “dark weather, bad weather”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lúrëa adj. “overcast, dark [of weather]”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúvin(a) adj. “dark, overcast”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lúrëa “overcast, dark [of weather]”
⚠️ᴱQ. luvu- v. “to lower, hang, brood”
ᴺQ. !vilwis(të) n. “weather, (lit.) turn of air”

1.81 Fire

Q. (apa)ruivë n. “wild fire, fire as conflagration”
Q., ᴹQ. nár n. “fire (as an element); ⚠️[ᴹQ.] flame”
⚠️ᴱQ. pur (purn-) n. “a fire, an artificial fire”; see instead:
Q. ruinë “blaze, fire”
ᴺQ. !ruical(a) n. “firelight”
Q. ruina adj. “blazing, fiery”
Q. ruinë n. “blaze, fire”
⚠️ᴱQ. sá n. “fire”; see instead:
Q. nár “fire (as an element); ⚠️[ᴹQ.] flame”
⚠️ᴱQ. sár(e)a adj. “fiery”; see instead:
ᴺQ. úruva “fiery, [ᴱQ.] like fire”
Q. sára “[ᴹQ.] bitter”
⚠️ᴱQ. tan(y)a n. “fire”; see instead:
Q. ruinë “blaze, fire”
ᴹQ. úr n. “fire, ⚠️heat”
⚠️ᴱQ. uru n. “fire”; see instead:
ᴹQ. úr “fire, ⚠️heat”
⚠️ᴹQ. uruitë adj. “fiery”; see instead:
ᴺQ. úruva “fiery, [ᴱQ.] like fire”
⚠️ᴱQ. (uru)purnië n. “conflagration”; see instead:
Q. (apa)ruivë “wild fire, fire as conflagration”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. úruva adj. “fiery, [ᴱQ.] like fire”
⚠️ᴱQ. uruvoitë adj. “fiery, having fire”; see instead:
ᴺQ. úruva “fiery, [ᴱQ.] like fire”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] urwa adj. “on fire, afire”

1.82 Flame

⚠️ᴹQ. culo n. “flame”; see instead:
Q. runya “fiery red”
⚠️ᴱQ. purma n. “blaze, flame”; see instead:
Q. ruinë “blaze, fire”
Q. rúnya n. “red flame”
⚠️ᴱQ. velca n. “flame”; see instead:
Q. nár “fire (as an element); ⚠️[ᴹQ.] flame”

1.83 Smoke

ᴺQ. !aranisquë n. “frankincense”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hisquë n. “smog”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quonda “choking smog, smoke”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ninquima n. “frankincense”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !aranisquë “frankincense”
ᴺQ. !nisquë n. “incense, *(lit.) sweet smoke”
ᴺQ. !niswa [þ] n. “censer”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quonda n. “choking smog, smoke”
⚠️ᴱQ. ructa- v. “to belch smoke, spout smoke; to cause to smoke; to smoke at a pipe”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !uruhta- “to (cause to) smoke; to belch smoke”
⚠️ᴱQ. rucu n. “smoke, reek”; see instead:
Q. usquë “[ᴹQ.] reek, *smoke; ⚠️[Q.] dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] twilight; [ᴱQ.] fog”
⚠️ᴱQ. rucu- v. “to steam, smoke, reek”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ustya- “to smoke (intr.)”
ᴺQ. !uruhta- v. “to (cause to) smoke; to belch smoke”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. usquë n. “[ᴹQ.] reek, *smoke; ⚠️[Q.] dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] twilight; [ᴱQ.] fog”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ussa n. “incense”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nisquë “incense, *(lit.) sweet smoke”
ᴺQ. !ustya- v. “to smoke (intr.)”

1.84 Ashes

ᴺQ. !littë n. “ash”

1.85 to Burn, Scorch

⚠️ᴱQ. canda- v. “to blaze”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^urta- “to burn”
ᴺQ. !accal- “to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly”
⚠️ᴱQ. hus- v. “to burn (tr.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^urta- “to burn”
⚠️ᴱQ. puru- v. “to burn”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^urta- “to burn”
⚠️ᴱQ. sanga-² v. “to scorch”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sis- “to scorch, singe, fry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sis- [þiþ-] v. “to scorch, singe, fry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^urta- v. “to burn”
⚠️ᴱQ. usta- v. “to burn (tr.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^urta- “to burn”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^yol- v. “to smoulder”
⚠️ᴹQ. yul- v. “to smoulder”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^yol- “to smoulder”

1.86 to Light, Kindle

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #calta- v. “to kindle, [ᴹQ.] (cause to) shine, light up, [ᴱQ.] set light to”
Q. lacalima adj. “not possible to be kindled (made to shine)”
⚠️Q. **lacaltaima adj. “not possible to be kindled”; see instead:
Q. lacalima “not possible to be kindled (made to shine)”
ᴺQ. !luhtya- v. “extinguish, *quench”
ᴹQ. narta- v. “to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to”
ᴺQ. !nartaima adj. “inflammable”
⚠️ᴱQ. purya- v. “to set fire to”; see instead:
ᴹQ. narta- “to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to”
Q., ᴹQ. tinta- v. “to kindle, cause to spark, [ᴹQ.] make to spark”
⚠️ᴱQ. tunda- v. “to kindle”; see instead:
ᴹQ. narta- “to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to”
Q. tinta- “to kindle, cause to spark, [ᴹQ.] make to spark”
⚠️ᴱQ. turya- v. “to catch fire”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^urta- “to burn”
ᴹQ. turya- “to strengthen”
⚠️ᴱQ. tustima adj. “inflammable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nartaima “inflammable”

1.87 Match, Fire Stick

⚠️ᴺQ. !hyulma n. “coal”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ur(u)ma “coal, charcoal”
ᴺQ. !narrundo n. “torch”
ᴺQ. !nartanwë n. “firework”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tusturë n. “tinder, chips, ⚠️firewood”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tusturin (tusturind-) n. “match”
ᴺQ. !ur(u)ma n. “coal, charcoal”
ᴺQ. !ussar (ussard-) n. “sulphur, (lit.) fire-stone”
ᴹQ. yúla n. “ember, smouldering wood”
⚠️ᴹQ. yulma n. “brand”; see instead:
Q. yulma “cup, drinking vessel, drinking implement, ⚠️goblet”

1.99 Physical World (other)

Q., ᴹQ. #caraxë n. “[ᴹQ.] jagged hedge of spikes, [ᴱQ.] row of spikes or teeth”
⚠️ᴱQ. carcassë n. “row of spikes or teeth”; see instead:
Q. #caraxë “[ᴹQ.] jagged hedge of spikes, [ᴱQ.] row of spikes or teeth”

2. Mankind

2.1 Human Being

Q., ᴹQ. Atan n. “Man, (lit.) the Second (People)”
⚠️ᴹQ. enno n. “person, *being”; see instead:
Q. námo¹ “person, somebody (unnamed)”
ᴹQ. firë n. “mortal man”
Q., ᴹQ. firya adj. “[ᴹQ.] human; [Q.] mortal”
Q. quén (quen-) n. and pron. “person, individual, man or woman; one, somebody”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -wë suf. “ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)”

2.21 Man

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nér (ner-) n. “man, male person; [ᴹQ.] adult male; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] husband; warrior”
Q. nercë n. “little man”
Q. nerdo n. “large, strong man”
ᴹQ. vëaner¹ n. “(adult) man”
⚠️ᴹQ. †wé n. “man, warrior”; see instead:
Q. vëo “living creature, *living being, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] man”
⚠️ᴱQ. wië n. “*man, male of the Elda”; see instead:
Q. vëo “living creature, *living being, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] man”

2.22 Woman

⚠️ᴱQ. anai n. “woman”; see instead:
Q. nís “woman”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. †ní n. “woman, female”
Q. #nillë² (nill-) n. “small [woman]”
Q., ᴹQ. nís (niss-) n. “woman”
Q. nisto n. “large woman”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyél n. “woman”; see instead:
Q. nís “woman”
⚠️ᴱQ. quimellë n. “little woman”; see instead:
Q. #nillë² “small [woman]”
⚠️ᴱQ. quin¹ (quim-) n. “woman, female”; see instead:
Q. nís “woman”

2.23 Male

⚠️ᴱQ. anu n. “a male, man”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hanu “male, man (of Men or Elves), male animal”
⚠️ᴱQ. anúrë n. “manliness, masculinity”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hanúrë “manliness, masculinity”
⚠️ᴱQ. anúvië n. “manhood, doughtyness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hanúvië “manhood, doughtyness”
⚠️ᴱQ. anuvoitë adj. “male, masculine”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hanuvoitë “*masculine”
ᴹQ. hanu n. “male, man (of Men or Elves), male animal”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hanúrë n. “manliness, masculinity”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hanúva adj. “doughty, *manly”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hanúvië n. “manhood, doughtyness”
ᴹQ. hanuvoitë adj. “*masculine”
ᴹQ. hanwa adj. “male”
⚠️ᴱQ. nerëa adj. “manly, stout, brave”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hanúva “doughty, *manly”
⚠️ᴱQ. nerevoitë adj. “manly, male”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hanuvoitë “*masculine”
⚠️ᴱQ. #nérinwa adj. “*mannish”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hanwa “male”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-nu suf. “masculine suffix”
Q. -on¹ suf. “masculine suffix”
ᴹQ. -on¹ suf. “masculine suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. via adj. “male”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hanwa “male”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vië n. “manhood, vigour; [ᴱQ.] teors, *penis”
⚠️ᴱQ. wenga adj. “*male”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hanwa “male”

2.24 Female

⚠️ᴱQ. anaina adj. “womanly”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !iniva “womanly”
⚠️ᴹQ. ennië n. “person (female), *being (female)”; see instead:
Q. námo¹ “person, somebody (unnamed)”
Q., ᴹQ. -ien¹ suf. “feminine ending; ⚠️feminine patronymic, -daughter”
ᴺQ. !inimë n. “femininity, womanliness”
ᴹQ. inimeitë adj. “*feminine”
ᴺQ. !iniva adj. “womanly”
ᴹQ. inya¹ adj. “female”
Q., ᴱQ. -issë suf. “ending in feminine names”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-ni suf. “feminine suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. quim(en)ëa adj. “womanly, feminine”; see instead:
ᴹQ. inimeitë “*feminine”
⚠️ᴱQ. quimenoitë (quimenoitsi-) adj. “feminine, female”; see instead:
ᴹQ. inimeitë “*feminine”
⚠️ᴱQ. quindë n. “womanliness, femininity; (concr.) women as a whole”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !inimë “femininity, womanliness”
⚠️ᴱQ. quinya adj. “female”; see instead:
ᴹQ. inya¹ “female”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-si suf. “feminine suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. venya adj. “womanl[y]”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !iniva “womanly”

2.25 Boy

ᴹQ. seldo n. “child [m.], *boy”
Q. yonyo n. “(big) boy, son”

2.26 Girl

⚠️ᴱQ. mella n. “girl”; see instead:
Q. nettë “(little) girl, ⚠️sister (diminutive), daughter, pretty little thing”
ᴺQ. !nesya [þ] adj. “gay, lively, girlish”
Q. nettë n. “(little) girl, ⚠️sister (diminutive), daughter, pretty little thing”
Q. riel(lë) n. “garlanded maiden, maiden crowned with a festive garland”
⚠️ᴱQ. tessa n. “maid, maiden”
⚠️ᴱQ. tessara adj. “maiden, maidenly”
⚠️ᴱQ. tessarë (tessari-) n. “little maid”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vendë [w] n. “maiden, ⚠️*virgin”
Q., ᴱQ. vendelë [w] n. “maidenhood”
Q., ᴹQ. vénë n. “*virgin; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] girl”
Q. #vénëa adj. “*virginal”
ᴹQ. venessë n. “virginity”
⚠️ᴱQ. wen(di) n. “maid, girl, maiden”; see instead:
Q. vendë “maiden, ⚠️*virgin”

2.27 Child

⚠️ᴱQ. ar¹ (arn-) n. “child”
⚠️ᴹQ. aran² (arn-) n. “child”; see instead:
Q. hína “child”
Q. hína n. “child”
⚠️Q. hindë n. “[unglossed]”; see instead:
Q. hína “child”
⚠️Q. hindo n. “[unglossed]”; see instead:
Q. hína “child”
Q., ᴹQ. onna n. “child, *offspring; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] creature”
Q. onya n. “my child”
⚠️ᴹQ. selda n. and adj. “child [n.]”; see instead:
Q. hína “child”
⚠️Q. #sén n. “child”; see instead:
Q. hína “child”
Q. senya² n. “*my child”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^vinima adj. “childish”
⚠️Q. winima adj. “childish”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^vinima “childish”

2.28 Infant

⚠️Q. hinyë n. “baby”; see instead:
Q. vinimo “baby, little-one”
ᴹQ. lapsë n. “babe”
⚠️ᴱQ. putsë (putsi-) n. “baby, child”; see instead:
Q. vinimo “baby, little-one”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tet(ta) n. “baby”; see instead:
Q. vinimo “baby, little-one”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyetl n. “babe, a tiny baby”; see instead:
Q. vinimo “baby, little-one”
Q. vinimo [w] n. “baby, little-one”
ᴺQ. !vinyanóna adj. “new-born”
Q. †winë (wini-) n. “baby, little-one, ⚠️child not yet full grown”

2.31 Husband

ᴹQ. ender n. “bridegroom, *groom”
⚠️ᴱQ. heruvesto n. “husband, (lit.) lord husband”; see instead:
Q. veru “husband”
⚠️ᴹQ. venno n. “husband”; see instead:
Q. veru “husband”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. veru n. “husband”
⚠️ᴱQ. veruner n. “husband”; see instead:
Q. veru “husband”
⚠️ᴱQ. vestaner n. “?(bride)groom”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ender “bridegroom, *groom”

2.32 Wife

⚠️ᴱQ. herivesti n. “wife”; see instead:
Q. veri “wife”
Q., ᴱQ. veri n. “wife”
⚠️ᴱQ. †veruni n. “wife”; see instead:
Q. veri “wife”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vessë n. “wife”; see instead:
Q. veri “wife”
⚠️ᴱQ. vestin n. “wife”; see instead:
Q. veri “wife”

2.321 Bride

⚠️ᴱQ. acairis (acairist-) n. “bride, wife”; see instead:
Q. indis “[ᴹQ.] bride; ⚠️[Q.] wife”
Q. veri “wife”
⚠️ᴱQ. acairisan (acairisamb-) n. “bride chamber, thalamus”
Q., ᴹQ. indis (indiss-) n. “[ᴹQ.] bride; ⚠️[Q.] wife”
⚠️ᴱQ. vestani n. “*bride”; see instead:
Q. indis “[ᴹQ.] bride; ⚠️[Q.] wife”

2.33 to Wed, Marry

⚠️ᴱQ. ‽(a)cainu- v. “to wed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vesta-¹ “to wed, *marry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] verin adj. “married”
⚠️Q. verta- v. “to give in marriage (a) to (b), take as husband or wife (to oneself)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vesta-¹ “to wed, *marry”
⚠️Q. verya- v. “to marry (of husband and wife), be joined to”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vesta-¹ “to wed, *marry”
ᴹQ. verya- “to dare”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vesta-¹ v. “to wed, *marry”

2.34 Wedding, Marriage

⚠️ᴱQ. (a)cainusta n. “wedding, marriage”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vestalë “wedding”
ᴹQ. vesta¹ “matrimony, [ᴱQ.] state of marriage”
⚠️ᴱQ. acairë (acairi-) n. “‘living beside’, wedded life”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vesta¹ “matrimony, [ᴱQ.] state of marriage”
ᴺQ. !aumenta- v. “to dismiss, divorce, (lit.) away-send”
ᴺQ. !aumentalë n. “dismissal, divorce”
ᴺQ. !heconna n. “child born out of wedlock, bastard”
Q. veryanwë n. “wedding”
ᴺQ. !vesquen n. “spouse (gender neutral)”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vesta¹ n. “matrimony, [ᴱQ.] state of marriage”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vestalë n. “wedding”
⚠️ᴱQ. vestanoina adj. “related by marriage”

2.341 Married Couple

⚠️ᴱQ. veringwi n. “husband and wife, married pair”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !verinu “married pair”
ᴺQ. !verinu coll. “married pair”
⚠️ᴹQ. veru² coll. “husband and wife, married pair”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !verinu “married pair”

2.35 Father

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. atar¹ n. “father”
⚠️ᴱQ. atta¹ n. “father (child’s word)”; see instead:
Q. atto “daddy, father (familiar/family)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. atto n. “daddy, father (familiar/family)”
⚠️ᴱQ. attu n. “father”; see instead:
Q. atto “daddy, father (familiar/family)”
Q. atya¹ n. “daddy, (my) father”
⚠️Q. #tata n. “*daddy”; see instead:
Q. atya¹ “daddy, (my) father”

2.36 Mother

⚠️ᴱQ. ama n. “mother”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ammë “mummy, mother”
⚠️ᴱQ. ambi n. “mother”; see instead:
Q. amil(lë) “mother”
Q., ᴹQ. amil(lë) n. “mother”
⚠️ᴱQ. amis (amits-) n. “mother”; see instead:
Q. amil(lë) “mother”
ᴺQ. [Q.], ᴹQ. ammë n. “mummy, mother”
Q. amya n. “mummy, (orig.) my mother”
⚠️Q. emmë² n. “mummy, mother (familiar/family)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ammë “mummy, mother”
⚠️ᴱQ. (m)ambë n. “mother”; see instead:
Q. amil(lë) “mother”
⚠️Q. mamil n. “*mummy”; see instead:
Q. amya “mummy, (orig.) my mother”

2.37 Parent

⚠️ᴱQ. †attahwi n. “parents”; see instead:
Q. #nostar “*ancestor, forbearer; ⚠️parent, begetter”
Q. #nostar n. “*ancestor, forbearer; ⚠️parent, begetter”
ᴺQ. !ontar n. “parent (gender neutral)”
ᴹQ. ontarë n. “begetter, parent (f.)”
⚠️Q. ontari(l) n. “*mother, (lit.) genetrix”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ontarë “begetter, parent (f.)”
Q. amil(lë) “mother”
ᴹQ. ontaro n. “begetter, parent”
⚠️ᴱQ. puyando n. “parent”; see instead:
Q. #nostar “*ancestor, forbearer; ⚠️parent, begetter”

2.41 Son

⚠️Q. anon n. “son”; see instead:
Q. yondo “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
⚠️ᴱQ. fion (fiond-) n. “son”; see instead:
Q. yondo “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
⚠️ᴱQ. hilu n. “son”; see instead:
Q. yondo “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ion suf. “-son, masculine patronymic”
⚠️ᴱQ. ion n. “son”; see instead:
Q. yondo “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
⚠️ᴱQ. vondo n. “son”; see instead:
Q. yondo “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
⚠️ᴱQ. †yó n. “son”; see instead:
Q. yondo “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. yondo n. “son, ⚠️boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”

2.42 Daughter

⚠️Q. anel n. “daughter”; see instead:
Q. seldë “daughter; [ᴹQ.] child [f.], *girl”
⚠️ᴱQ. aris (arits-) n. “daughter, maid”
Q., ᴹQ. -iel suf. “-daughter; feminine suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -il suf. “*(feminine) patronymic”; see instead:
Q. -iel “-daughter; feminine suffix”
Q., ᴹQ. seldë n. “daughter; [ᴹQ.] child [f.], *girl”
Q. selyë n. “daughter (diminutive)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sildë n. “daughter”; see instead:
Q. seldë “daughter; [ᴹQ.] child [f.], *girl”
⚠️ᴱQ. sui n. “daughter”; see instead:
Q. seldë “daughter; [ᴹQ.] child [f.], *girl”
Q., ᴹQ. yeldë n. “daughter”
⚠️ᴹQ. yen(dë) n. “daughter”; see instead:
Q. yeldë “daughter”

2.44 Brother

ᴺQ. !hando n. “big brother, ‘big bro’ (intimate)”
Q. hanno n. “brother (diminutive)”
Q. háno n. “brother”
ᴺQ. !hassë (hass-) n. “little brother, ‘lil bro’ (intimate)”
⚠️ᴱQ. herendo n. “brother”; see instead:
Q. háno “brother”
⚠️ᴱQ. hestaner n. “brother”; see instead:
Q. háno “brother”
⚠️ᴱQ. hestanu n. “brother”; see instead:
Q. háno “brother”
ᴺQ. !höahan (höahán-) n. “big brother (informal/familiar)”
Q. #melotorno n. “love-brother”
ᴺQ. !nityahan (nityahán-) n. “little brother (informal/familiar)”
ᴹQ. otornassë n. “brotherhood, *association”
ᴹQ. otorno n. “sworn brother, associate [m.]”
ᴹQ. toron (torn-) n. “brother”
ᴺQ. !vinyahan (vinyahán-) n. “younger brother”
ᴺQ. !yárahan (yárahán-) n. “older brother”

2.45 Sister

⚠️ᴱQ. heressë n. “sister”; see instead:
Q. nésa “sister”
⚠️ᴱQ. hestani n. “sister”; see instead:
Q. nésa “sister”
⚠️ᴱQ. hestaquin n. “sister”; see instead:
Q. nésa “sister”
ᴺQ. !höanet (höanéþ-) n. “big sister (informal/familiar)”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^melesellë [þ] n. “love-sister”
⚠️Q. #meletheldë n. “love-sister”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^melesellë “love-sister”
Q. nésa [þ] n. “sister”
ᴺQ. !netsë (netsi-) n. “little sister, ‘lil sis’ (intimate)”
ᴺQ. !netto n. “big sister, ‘big sis’ (intimate)”
ᴺQ. !nityanet (nityanéþ-) n. “little sister (informal/familiar)”
ᴹQ. osellë [þ] n. “[sworn] sister, associate [f.]”
ᴹQ. seler (sell-) [þ] n. “sister”
ᴺQ. !vinyanet (vinyanéþ-) n. “younger sister”
ᴺQ. !yáranet (yáranéþ-) n. “older sister”

2.452 Sibling

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hes (hest-) n. “*sibling”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hesta(lë) n. “the nearest consanguinity”
⚠️ᴱQ. hestanoina adj. “bearing the nearest consanguinity”

2.46 Grandfather

⚠️ᴺQ. !atartur n. “patriarch, (lit.) master-father”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nossetur “patriarch, family head”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] haru n. “grandfather”
ᴺQ. !nossetur n. “patriarch, family head”

2.47 Grandmother

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] haruni n. “grandmother”

2.48 Grandson

ᴹQ. indyo n. “grandchild, descendant, grandson, *granddaughter”

2.53 Nephew

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] súyon n. “nephew, ⚠️daughter’s son”

2.54 Niece

ᴺQ. !súyel n. “niece”

2.55 Cousin

⚠️ᴱQ. etta n. “cousin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. rendo “male cousin, kinsman, *relative”
ᴺQ. ressë “female cousin, kinsman, *relative”
⚠️ᴱQ. ettani n. “female cousin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ressë “female cousin, kinsman, *relative”
⚠️ᴱQ. ettanu n. “male cousin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. rendo “male cousin, kinsman, *relative”
⚠️ᴱQ. ettarendi n. “cousinship”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^rendë “kinship, kin, kindred, clan”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rendo n. “male cousin, kinsman, *relative”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rendolë n. “cousinship”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ressë n. “female cousin, kinsman, *relative”

2.57 Descendant

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hilmë¹ n. “offspring, *descendant”
⚠️ᴱQ. hilmi coll. “family, offspring”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hilmë¹ “offspring, *descendant”
ᴺQ. !hilyalë n. “succession, dynasty”
ᴺQ. !nónarë n. “generation”
Q., ᴹQ. ontalë n. “descent, *derivation, ancestry”

2.65 Brother-in-Law

ᴺQ. !verrendo n. “brother in law, kinsman by marriage”

2.66 Sister-in-Law

ᴺQ. !verressë n. “sister in law, kinswoman by marriage”

2.75 Orphan

ᴺQ. !hinta- v. “to adopt”
ᴺQ. !nostarenca adj. “orphaned, (lit.) parent-less”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yenta- v. “to adopt (a daughter)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hinta- “to adopt”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yentarë n. “adoptive mother (for a daughter)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hinta- “to adopt”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yentaro n. “adoptive father (for a daughter)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hinta- “to adopt”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yonta- v. “to adopt (a son)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hinta- “to adopt”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yontarë n. “adoptive mother (for a son)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hinta- “to adopt”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yontaro n. “adoptive father (for a son)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hinta- “to adopt”

2.76 Widow

ᴺQ. !verulóra adj. and n. “widowed; widow”

2.81 Relative

ᴹQ. onónë n. “kinswoman; ⚠️sister”
ᴹQ. onóro n. “kinsman; ⚠️brother”

2.82 Family

ᴺQ. !orendë n. “(nuclear) family”
⚠️ᴱQ. soresta n. “family”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !orendë “(nuclear) family”

3. Animals

3.11 Animal

Q. #celva n. “animal, living thing that moves”
ᴺQ. !celvavëa adj. “animal-like”
⚠️ᴱQ. coisiva adj. “animal, bodily”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hröava “corporeal, bodily”
⚠️ᴱQ. coitë (coisi-) n. “living thing, being, animal”; see instead:
Q. #celva “animal, living thing that moves”
⚠️Q. #cuima n. “creature, animal”; see instead:
Q. #celva “animal, living thing that moves”
⚠️Q. #cuiva n. “animal”; see instead:
Q. #celva “animal, living thing that moves”
Q. hravan n. “wild beast”
⚠️ᴱQ. lama n. “animal, beast; head of cattle or sheep”; see instead:
Q. laman “animal, [ᴹQ.] tame beast”
Q., ᴹQ. laman (lamn-) n. “animal, [ᴹQ.] tame beast”
ᴺQ. !mellaman (mellamn-) n. “pet, (lit.) love-animal”
⚠️ᴹQ. nasto n. “animal, beast”; see instead:
Q. laman “animal, [ᴹQ.] tame beast”
⚠️ᴱQ. röa n. “wild beast”; see instead:
Q. hravan “wild beast”
Q. röa “dog”
⚠️ᴱQ. talar (talard-) n. “beast of burden”
Q., ᴹQ. vëo n. “living creature, *living being, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] man”

3.16 to Pasture

⚠️ᴺQ. !narasta- v. “to pasture, *graze, give to feed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nesta-¹ “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”
⚠️ᴱQ. nese- v. “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nesta-¹ “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nesta-¹ v. “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”
ᴺQ. !tiucata- v. “to fatten, to feed up”

3.17 Pasture

⚠️ᴺQ. !narassë n. “pasture”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nesselë “pasture, mead[ow]; pasturage”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nesselë n. “pasture, mead[ow]; pasturage”

3.18 Herdsman

Q. #emer- v. “?to herd (sheep)”
ᴺQ. !emerro n. “shepherd, herdsman”
Q. emerwen n. “shepherdess”
⚠️ᴱQ. lamandar n. “herdsman, shepherd”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !emerro “shepherd, herdsman”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lamnarë n. “flock, *herd”
⚠️ᴱQ. mavar(do) n. “shepherd”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !emerro “shepherd, herdsman”
⚠️ᴱQ. möar(do) (möard-) n. “shepherd”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !emerro “shepherd, herdsman”

3.21 Bull

ᴺQ. !aromundo n. “auroch, kine of Araw”
ᴺQ. !hrambundo n. “bison, gaur, wisent, buffalo (lit. wild ox)”
Q. mundo n. “bull, ox”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarucco n. “bull, ox”; see instead:
Q. mundo “bull, ox”

3.22 Ox, Steer

⚠️ᴱQ. yac(c)o n. “ox”; see instead:
Q. mundo “bull, ox”

3.23 Cow

⚠️ᴱQ. mui n. “cow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. yaxë “cow”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] yaxë n. “cow”
⚠️ᴱQ. yaxi n. “cow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. yaxë “cow”

3.24 Calf

ᴺQ. !mundollë n. “calf”

3.25 Sheep

⚠️ᴱQ. arma n. “flock of sheep”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lamnarë “flock, *herd”
Q. arma “ray of sunlight”
Q. máma n. “sheep”
ᴺQ. !mámalin n. “sheepfold”
⚠️ᴱQ. möa n. “sheep”; see instead:
Q. máma “sheep”
⚠️ᴱQ. möalin n. “sheepfold”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mámalin “sheepfold”
⚠️ᴱQ. sauvë n. “sheep”

3.26 Ram

⚠️ᴱQ. camo n. “ram”
ᴺQ. !pollo n. “ram”

3.29 Lamb

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] eulë n. “lamb”
⚠️ᴱQ. eulitsë n. “*little lamb”; see instead:
ᴺQ. eulë “lamb”

3.32 Boar

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] carcapolca n. “boar, *(lit.) tusk-pig”
⚠️ᴱQ. úro n. “boar”; see instead:
Q. úro “*evil, nastiness”
ᴺQ. carcapolca “boar, *(lit.) tusk-pig”

3.35 Pig

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] polca n. “pig”

3.36 Goat

ᴺQ. !naico n. “goat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyé n. “bleat, cry of goat or sheep”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyéni n. “(she) goat”
⚠️ᴹQ. yat² (yac-) n. “goat”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !naico “goat”

3.41 Horse (generic)

⚠️ᴺQ. !antolatta n. “bridle, (lit.) mouth-strap”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !pérappa “bridle, (lit.) lip-rope”
ᴺQ. !eretildo n. “unicorn”
ᴺQ. !lattasta n. “harness, (lit.) collection of straps”
⚠️ᴱQ. lópa n. “horse, mare”; see instead:
Q. rocco “horse”
⚠️ᴱQ. mairu n. “(horse) mane, flowing hair; charger”
ᴺQ. !nupattal n. “horseshoe”
⚠️ᴹQ. olombo n. “horse”; see instead:
Q. rocco “horse”
ᴺQ. !pattal n. “hoof”
ᴺQ. !pérappa n. “bridle, (lit.) lip-rope”
ᴺQ. !rimperocco n. “zebra, (lit.) stripe-horse”
Q., ᴹQ. rocco n. “horse”
ᴺQ. !roccotsë n. “cavalry”
ᴺQ. !tupattal n. “horse-boot”

3.44 Mare

⚠️ᴱQ. lopsi n. “mare”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !roccë “mare”
ᴺQ. !roccë n. “mare”

3.45 Foal, Colt

ᴺQ. !rocollë n. “colt”

3.46 Ass, Donkey

ᴺQ. !pellopë n. “donkey, ass”

3.51 Chicken (generic)

⚠️ᴱQ. cectecet (cectecett-) n. “clucking”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^cehtecet “clucking”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^cehtecet n. “clucking”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] porocë n. “hen, barn fowl, *chicken”
⚠️ᴱQ. porocellë n. “chicken”
⚠️ᴱQ. porocoi ? “[unglossed]”

3.52 Cock, Rooster

ᴺQ. !hollo n. “cock, cockerel, rooster”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tocot n. “cock, *rooster”

3.54 Hen

ᴺQ. !holyë n. “hen”
⚠️ᴱQ. oi n. “bird, hen”; see instead:
Q. aiwë “(small) bird”
ᴺQ. !holyë “hen”

3.56 Goose

ᴹQ. ván n. “goose”
⚠️ᴱQ. yanwa n. “goose”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ván “goose”

3.57 Duck

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quá n. “duck”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quaqua- v. “to quack, squawk, cackle, *croak”

3.61 Dog

⚠️ᴱQ. fan (fand-) n. “dog”; see instead:
ᴹQ. huan “hound, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dog”
Q. hó n. “hound (or ?heart)”
ᴺQ. !hu- v. “to bark, bay”
⚠️Q. hú n. “hound (or ?heart)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. huo “dog”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. huan (hún-) n. “hound, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dog”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^huar n. “wild dog, jackal”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^huarda n. “pack (of dogs, wolves)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^húni n. “bitch, *female dog”
ᴹQ. huo n. “dog”
Q. röa n. “dog”
ᴹQ. ronyo n. “‘chaser’, hound of chase, *hunting dog”
⚠️ᴱQ. savar n. “wild dog, jackal”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^huar “wild dog, jackal”
⚠️ᴱQ. savarda n. “pack (of dogs, wolves)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^huarda “pack (of dogs, wolves)”
⚠️ᴱQ. suni n. “bitch, *female dog”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^húni “bitch, *female dog”

3.612 Puppy

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^huolë n. “litter (of pups, cubs, etc.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. saulë n. “litter (of pups, cubs, etc.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^huolë “litter (of pups, cubs, etc.)”

3.62 Cat

⚠️ᴱQ. meoi n. “cat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. miuë “cat”
ᴹQ. miuë (miuy-) n. “cat”
ᴹQ. miulë n. “whining, mewing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !miura n. “cat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. miuë “cat”
⚠️ᴺQ. !miurë n. “cat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. miuë “cat”
⚠️ᴺQ. !miuro n. “cat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. miuë “cat”
ᴹQ. titsë (tits-) n. “kitten”
⚠️ᴱQ. yaulë n. “cat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. miuë “cat”

3.63 Mouse, Rodent

ᴺQ. !farinë n. “vermin”
ᴺQ. !nyarrincë n. “mouse”
ᴹQ. nyarro n. “rat”
Q. peccuvo n. “squirrel, (lit.) nut-hider”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quin- v. “to speak high, squeak”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quínë n. “squeaking, *squeak”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quínëa adj. “squeaking”
⚠️ᴱQ. quíni- v. “to speak high, squeak”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quin- “to speak high, squeak”
Q. rasillo [þ] n. “squirrel”
⚠️ᴱQ. rausimë n. “vermin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !farinë “vermin”
ᴺQ. !rimpeccuvo n. “chipmunk”

3.64 Bird

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. aiwë n. “(small) bird”
⚠️ᴺQ. !aiwestë n. “bird’s nest”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hausta “nest”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilapitya- v. “to chirp”
ᴺQ. !hausta n. “nest”
⚠️ᴹQ. oio (oiw-) n. “bird”; see instead:
Q. aiwë “(small) bird”
Q. oi(o) “ever, everlastingly; an endless period, *aeon”
⚠️ᴱQ. oivë n. “bird”; see instead:
Q. aiwë “(small) bird”
⚠️ᴱQ. wilin n. “bird”; see instead:
Q. aiwë “(small) bird”
⚠️ᴱQ. wilindëa adj. “as a bird”

3.641 Eagle, Hawk

⚠️ᴱQ. ëa(r) n. “(young) eagle”; see instead:
Q. ëar “sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; ⚠️water”
Q. soron “eagle”
⚠️ᴱQ. ëaren (ëarend-) n. “eyrie, (young) eagle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sornion “eyrie”
Q. soron “eagle”
ᴹQ. fion (fiond-) n. “hawk, ⚠️haste”
⚠️ᴹQ. haro n. “hawk”; see instead:
ᴹQ. fion “hawk, ⚠️haste”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hó n. “owl”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sornion [þ] n. “eyrie”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. soron (sorn-) [þ] n. “eagle”
ᴺQ. !soroncë [þ] n. “kite, (lit.) little eagle”

3.642 Crow, Raven

⚠️ᴱQ. caron n. “crow”
ᴹQ. corco n. “crow”
⚠️Q. quáco n. “crow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. corco “crow”
Q. quácë “frog”

3.647 Gull, Petrel

Q., ᴹQ. maiwë n. “gull”
⚠️ᴱQ. máwë (máwi-) n. “gull, seamew”; see instead:
Q. maiwë “gull”
ᴹQ. quénë n. “petrel”

3.648 Swan

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. alqua n. “swan”
⚠️ᴱQ. siloinë (siloini-) n. “swan”; see instead:
Q. alqua “swan”

3.649 Bird (other)

ᴺQ. !ailindo n. “loon [bird], (lit.) lake-singer”
⚠️Q. aimenal n. “lark”; see instead:
Q. lirulin “lark”
ᴹQ. ambalë n. “yellow bird, yellow hammer”
⚠️ᴱQ. ambarin (ambarind-) n. “lark”; see instead:
Q. lirulin “lark”
⚠️ᴱQ. carnëambar n. and adj. “robin, (lit.) red-breast”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^carniambos “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^carniambos n. “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cecet n. “pheasant”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilapi n. “robin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^carniambos “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
Q. #cirincë n. “scarlet-plumed species of bird”
ᴹQ. cucua n. “dove”
ᴺQ. !cucuollë n. “turtledove”
Q., ᴹQ. filincë n. “finch”
ᴹQ. filit (filic-) n. “small bird, sparrow”
ᴹQ. halatir(no) (halatirn-) n. “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
ᴺQ. !hendelúpëa cecet n. “peafowl, (lit.) eye-plumed pheasant”
⚠️ᴱQ. imbilinc n. “sparrow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. filit “small bird, sparrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. lintuilinda adj. “many-swallows of autumn”
⚠️ᴹQ. liri n. “finch”; see instead:
Q. filincë “finch”
Q. lirulin n. “lark”
Q., ᴹQ. lómelindë n. “nightingale, (lit.) dusk-singer”
⚠️ᴹQ. morilindë n. “nightingale”; see instead:
Q. lómelindë “nightingale, (lit.) dusk-singer”
ᴺQ. !morilúpë n. “blackbird, (lit.) black plume”
ᴺQ. !nyatso n. “magpie, (lit.) chatterer”
⚠️ᴺQ. !russambos n. “robin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^carniambos “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
ᴹQ. tambaro n. “woodpecker, (lit.) knocker”
ᴺQ. !tinwerúmë n. “starling, (lit.) abundance of stars”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tuilindo n. “swallow, (lit.) spring-singer”

3.65 Fish

ᴺQ. !alaxë n. “salmon”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^cullingwë n. “goldfish”
⚠️ᴱQ. culuin (culuind-) n. “goldfish”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^cullingwë “goldfish”
ᴹQ. hala n. “(small) fish”
⚠️ᴱQ. ingwë (ingwi-) n. “fish”; see instead:
Q. #lingwë “fish”
⚠️ᴱQ. ingwil(in) (ingwiling-) n. “eel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lingwileuca “eel”
Q., ᴹQ. #lingwë (lingwi-) n. “fish”
ᴺQ. !lingwëa adj. “fishlike”
ᴺQ. !lingwileuca n. “eel”
ᴺQ. !lunwa n. “fin, (lit.) swim-thing”
ᴹQ. nixë n. “minnow, little fish”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telpingwë n. “silverfish”
⚠️ᴱQ. windëa adj. “fishlike”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lingwëa “fishlike”

3.66 Fisherman

ᴺQ. !lingwimo n. “fisherman”
ᴺQ. !lingwiremnë n. “fishing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !raito n. “fisher”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lingwimo “fisherman”

3.71 Wolf

⚠️ᴹQ. harma² n. “wolf, hound”
⚠️ᴹQ. hu n. “howl”; see instead:
Q. nwámë “wolvish howling”
⚠️ᴹQ. húna- v. “to howl”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nauna- “to howl”
ᴹQ. narmo [ñ-] n. “wolf”
⚠️ᴹQ. naulë [ñ-] n. “wolfhowl”; see instead:
Q. nwámë “wolvish howling”
ᴺQ. !nauna- [ñ-] v. “to howl”
Q., ᴹQ. nauro [ñ-] n. “werewolf, wolf (not wild wolves)”
Q. nwámë [ñ-] n. “wolvish howling”
ᴹQ. ráca n. “wolf”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulcu n. “wolf”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ráca “wolf”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulqui n. “she-wolf”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ráca “wolf”

3.72 Lion

ᴺQ. !picara n. “leopard”
Q., ᴹQ. †rá¹ (ráv-) n. “lion”
⚠️ᴱQ. rau (ráv-) n. “lion”; see instead:
Q. †rá¹ “lion”
Q. rauro n. “lion”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ravennë n. “she-lion, *lioness”
ᴺQ. !rimpira (rimpiráv-) n. “tiger, (lit.) stripe-lion”

3.73 Bear

⚠️ᴱQ. #matsilë n. “bear”; see instead:
ᴹQ. morco “bear”
ᴹQ. morco n. “bear”

3.74 Fox

Q. rusco (ruscu-) n. “fox”
Q. ruscuitë adj. “foxy”

3.75 Deer

⚠️ᴺQ. !arassë n. “deer, hart, stag”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !arasso “hart, stag, (male) deer”
ᴺQ. !arasso n. “hart, stag, (male) deer”
ᴺQ. !celvë n. “hind, deer, doe”
⚠️ᴱQ. opolë n. “fawn, young deer”

3.76 Monkey

ᴺQ. !maimun n. “monkey, ape”

3.77 Elephant

ᴹQ. andamunda n. “elephant”
⚠️ᴱQ. hunto n. “elephant”; see instead:
ᴹQ. andamunda “elephant”

3.78 Camel

⚠️ᴱQ. cuptulo n. “camel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ulumpë “camel”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ulumpë n. “camel”
⚠️ᴱQ. uluntilla n. “camel’s hair”

3.79 to Hunt

ᴹQ. fafarra- v. “*to keep on hunting”
Q., ᴹQ. fara- v. “to hunt”
Q., ᴹQ. faralë n. “hunting”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^farasta n. “hunting, the chase”
⚠️ᴹQ. farastë n. “hunting, the chase”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^farasta “hunting, the chase”
ᴹQ. farastëa adj. “of the chase (that it is proper to hunt), *of prey”
ᴹQ. farina adj. “fugitive, hunted”
ᴹQ. farna n. “quarry, prey”
⚠️ᴱQ. rausima adj. “*hunted”; see instead:
ᴹQ. farina “fugitive, hunted”
⚠️ᴱQ. raustë n. “hunting, preying, the hunt”; see instead:
Q. faralë “hunting”
⚠️ᴱQ. raustëa adj. “of prey”; see instead:
ᴹQ. farastëa “of the chase (that it is proper to hunt), *of prey”
⚠️ᴱQ. rauta- v. “to chase, hunt, pursue; to extirpate, exterminate; to steal”; see instead:
Q. fara- “to hunt”
ᴹQ. roita- “to pursue, *chase”
ᴺQ. pil- “to steal”
ᴹQ. roimë n. “hunt, hunting”

3.81 Insect

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] malo n. “moth”
ᴺQ. !nastaro n. “scorpion”
Q. pí n. “small insect, fly, *mite, gnat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] speck, spot, dot, mote”
ᴺQ. !pímótar n. “ant, (lit.) insect-worker”
⚠️ᴱQ. pin n. “little thing, mite”; see instead:
Q. pí “small insect, fly, *mite, gnat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] speck, spot, dot, mote”
ᴺQ. !pulungol n. “tick, (lit.) swelling spider”
ᴺQ. !salquecápo n. “grasshopper”
ᴺQ. !tixipi n. “ladybug, (lit.) insect of [many] dots”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^ulumpembë n. “caterpillar, (lit.) camel worm”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulumpingwë n. “caterpillar”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ulumpembë “caterpillar, (lit.) camel worm”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vilvarin (vilvarind-) [w] n. “butterfly”
Q. vilvarindëa [w] adj. “like a butterfly”
⚠️ᴱQ. wilwarinda adj. “butterflylike”; see instead:
Q. vilvarindëa “like a butterfly”

3.811 Spider

⚠️ᴱQ. cangalë n. “web”; see instead:
Q. ungwë “spider’s web; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] spider; [ᴹQ.] gloom”
⚠️ᴱQ. cangaris (cangarist-) n. “spider”; see instead:
ᴹQ. liantë “spider, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] tendril, vine”
⚠️ᴱQ. cangawinda n. “cobweb”; see instead:
ᴹQ. línë “cobweb; [ᴱQ.] cotton, ⚠️thread”
⚠️ᴹQ. filet (filec-) n. “cobweb”; see instead:
ᴹQ. línë “cobweb; [ᴱQ.] cotton, ⚠️thread”
⚠️ᴱQ. lenquelénu n. “(daddy) long-legs”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. liantë n. “spider, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] tendril, vine”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. línë n. “cobweb; [ᴱQ.] cotton, ⚠️thread”
ᴺQ. *ungol n. “(monstrous) spider”
Q., ᴱQ. ungwë n. “spider’s web; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] spider; [ᴹQ.] gloom”

3.82 Bee

⚠️ᴱQ. imbë n. “hive”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nier n. “(honey) bee”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nieres (nieress-) n. “hive”
⚠️ᴱQ. nierwes (nierwest-) n. “hive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nieres “hive”

3.83 Fly (n)

⚠️ᴹQ. camparu n. “?flea”; see instead:
ᴺQ. campo “flea”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] campo n. “flea”
ᴺQ. !elenitsë n. “firefly, (lit.) star-fly”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] itis [þ] n. “fly bite; *itch”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. itsë n. “fly”
⚠️ᴹQ. mí n. “small fly”; see instead:
Q. pí “small insect, fly, *mite, gnat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] speck, spot, dot, mote”
ᴺQ. !míritsettë n. “dragonfly, (lit.) jewel-fly”
Q., ᴹQ. pupso n. “large fly, [ᴹQ.] blow fly”
⚠️ᴹQ. †tsettë n. “fly”; see instead:
ᴺQ. itsë “fly”

3.84 Worm

ᴺQ. !cöacolindo n. “snail, (lit.) house-bearer”
⚠️ᴱQ. lingwë n. “snake, worm”; see instead:
Q. hlócë “reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon”
Q. #lingwë “fish”
⚠️ᴱQ. testë n. “small worm”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^vembë “worm”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^vembë n. “worm”
⚠️ᴱQ. wembë n. “worm”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^vembë “worm”
⚠️ᴱQ. wembil n. “worm”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^vembë “worm”

3.85 Snake

ᴹQ. ango (angu-) n. “snake, dragon, *serpent”
ᴺQ. !carcaran n. “crocodile, (lit.) toothed-beam”
⚠️ᴱQ. histe- v. “to hiss”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !surya- “to hiss”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. hlócë (hlóci-) n. “reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon”
Q. leuca n. “snake”
⚠️ᴱQ. lin² (ling-) n. “snake”; see instead:
Q. leuca “snake”
ᴹQ. lingwilócë n. “fish-dragon, sea-serpent”
⚠️ᴱQ. lingwin n. “serpent, dragon”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lingwilócë “fish-dragon, sea-serpent”
⚠️ᴱQ. oqui n. “snake”; see instead:
Q. leuca “snake”
ᴺQ. !surya- v. “to hiss”

3.99 Animals (other)

ᴺQ. !andalango n. “giraffe, (lit.) long-neck”
ᴺQ. !andanyarro n. “weasel, ferret, mink, stoat, polecat, (lit.) long-rat”
ᴺQ. !canguru n. “kangaroo”
ᴺQ. !carastanyarro n. “beaver, (lit.) build-rat”
⚠️ᴺQ. !carpo n. “frog”; see instead:
Q. quácë “frog”
ᴺQ. !castor n. “beaver”
ᴺQ. !celvatarwa n. “zoo, (lit.) life-garden”
ᴺQ. !ëarel n. “starfish, (lit.) sea-star”
ᴺQ. !ëarra (ëarráv-) n. “seal, sea lion”
Q. ecellë n. “urchin, hedgehog”
ᴺQ. !ehtipolca n. “porcupine, (lit.) spike-pig”
Q. ?fanto n. “whale”
ᴺQ. !filiculumpë n. “ostrich, (lit.) sparrow-camel”
ᴺQ. !helcehtyar n. “narwhal, (lit.) ice-spearman”
⚠️ᴱQ. lapatl n. “leveret”
⚠️ᴱQ. lapattë (lapatsi-) n. “rabbit”; see instead:
Q. #lopoldë “rabbit”
⚠️ᴹQ. lopo n. “rabbit”; see instead:
Q. #lopoldë “rabbit”
Q. #lopoldë n. “rabbit”
ᴹQ. lopotundo (lopotundu-) n. “rabbithole”
ᴺQ. !mórolingwë n. “squid, (lit.) ink-fish”
Q. #nendil n. “beast that lives in the water”
ᴺQ. !nengarmo n. “otter, (lit.) water-wolf”
ᴺQ. !nenungol n. “octopus, (lit.) water-spider”
⚠️ᴱQ. noldarë n. “mole”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nolpa “mole”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nolpa n. “mole”
ᴺQ. !nuinerocco n. “hippopotamus, (lit.) river-horse”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] oryat (oryap-) n. “badger”
ᴺQ. !poco(lle)nyarro n. “opossum, (lit.) pouch-rat”
ᴺQ. !quaccas (quaccar-) n. “tadpole, (lit.) frog head”
Q. quácë n. “frog”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quildarë n. “bat”
ᴺQ. !rassemunda n. “rhinoceros, (lit.) horn-snout”
ᴺQ. !sandanasto [þ] n. “turtle, (lit.) shield-being”
ᴺQ. !sauroryat [þ] n. “skunk, (lit.) stink-badger”
ᴺQ. !sovamorco n. “raccoon, (lit.) wash-bear”

4. Body Parts and Functions

4.11 Body

⚠️ᴱQ. columë n. “body”; see instead:
Q. hröa “body, bodily form, ⚠️flesh; physical matter”
Q. hröa n. “body, bodily form, ⚠️flesh; physical matter”
ᴺQ. !hröava adj. “corporeal, bodily”
⚠️Q. hrondo n. “(physical) body, corporeal form”; see instead:
Q. hröa “body, bodily form, ⚠️flesh; physical matter”
Q. #mirröanwë n. “incarnate”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pulco n. “trunk, bole of tree, *torso, ⚠️body”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarcuva adj. “corporeal, bodily”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hröava “corporeal, bodily”

4.12 Skin, Hide

⚠️ᴹQ. halma n. “skin, fell”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell, *hide”
ᴹQ. helma n. “skin, fell, *hide”
ᴺQ. !helmunquë n. “wrinkle, (lit.) skin-hollow”
⚠️ᴱQ. nautë n. “skin”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell, *hide”
ᴹQ. †psára n. “peel”

4.13 Flesh

⚠️ᴱQ. hara(nda) n. “flesh-meat”; see instead:
Q. hrávë “flesh”
ᴹQ. apsa¹ “meat, cooked food”
⚠️ᴱQ. haranwa adj. “fleshly, carnal”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hrávëa “fleshly, carnal”
Q. hrávë n. “flesh”
ᴺQ. !hrávëa adj. “fleshly, carnal”
⚠️ᴱQ. mimbë n. “flesh”; see instead:
Q. hrávë “flesh”
⚠️ᴱQ. mindl n. “piece of flesh”; see instead:
Q. hrávë “flesh”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarco¹ (sarcu-) n. “flesh, living flesh, body”; see instead:
Q. hrávë “flesh”
Q. hröa “body, bodily form, ⚠️flesh; physical matter”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarqua adj. “fleshy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !larmëa “fatty, fleshy”

4.14 Hair

⚠️ᴱQ. filma n. “fine hair, line”; see instead:
Q. finë “(single) hair, filament”
ᴹQ. tëa “straight line, ⚠️road”
Q., ᴹQ. findë n. “hair (especially of the head); tress or plait of hair, [ᴹQ.] braid of hair”
Q. findelë n. “tress, lock [of hair]”
Q. findessë n. “head of hair, person’s hair as a whole”
⚠️Q. findilë n. “head of hair”; see instead:
Q. findessë “head of hair, person’s hair as a whole”
Q. findelë “tress, lock [of hair]”
⚠️ᴱQ. findl n. “lock of hair, tress”; see instead:
Q. findelë “tress, lock [of hair]”
Q. finë (fini-) n. “(single) hair, filament”
⚠️ᴱQ. laxa n. “tress”; see instead:
ᴹQ. loxë “hair [in general]”
ᴹQ. loxë n. “hair [in general]”
⚠️ᴱQ. silquë n. “tress of hair; (glossy) hair”; see instead:
Q. findë “hair (especially of the head); tress or plait of hair, [ᴹQ.] braid of hair”
⚠️ᴱQ. silqueléna adj. “having tresses”
⚠️ᴱQ. silquelossëa adj. “with hair like white flowers”
⚠️ᴱQ. til (tiln-) n. “(single) hair”; see instead:
Q. finë “(single) hair, filament”

4.142 Beard

Q., ᴹQ. #fanga n. “beard”
⚠️ᴱQ. fangë n. “beard”; see instead:
Q. #fanga “beard”
⚠️ᴱQ. pöa n. “beard”; see instead:
Q. #fanga “beard”
⚠️ᴱQ. veltë n. “beard”; see instead:
Q. #fanga “beard”

4.143 Hair (other)

⚠️ᴱQ. andesilquë adj. “long-haired, long-tressed”
⚠️ᴱQ. aulë (auli-) adj. “shaggy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !fassëa “shaggy, tangled [hair]”
ᴹQ. aulë “invention”
ᴹQ. fassë n. “tangled hair, shaggy lock”
ᴺQ. !fassëa adj. “shaggy, tangled [hair]”
ᴹQ. fasta-¹ v. “to tangle”
Q. finda¹ adj. “having hair, -haired”
ᴺQ. !findimaitar n. “barber, hairdresser”
ᴺQ. !finëa adj. “downy, hairy [specifically fine, light hair]”
⚠️Q. hróva¹ adj. “dark, dark brown (of hair)”; see instead:
Q. nolya “dark-haired, *brown-haired”
⚠️ᴺQ. !locco n. “ringlet”; see instead:
Q. lócë¹ “bight, bend, curl of hair”
Q. lócë¹ n. “bight, bend, curl of hair”
⚠️Q. loxa adj. “brown of hair”; see instead:
Q. nolya “dark-haired, *brown-haired”
Q. nolya [ñ-] adj. “dark-haired, *brown-haired”
⚠️ᴱQ. tilinya adj. “downy, hairy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !finëa “downy, hairy [specifically fine, light hair]”
ᴺQ. [Q.] vaina¹ [w] adj. “blonde, fair of hair”

4.15 Blood

ᴺQ. !etserca- v. “to bleed out, exsanguinate”
⚠️ᴱQ. hari n. “blood”; see instead:
Q. sercë “blood”
⚠️ᴱQ. mëar (mëarn-) n. “gore, blood”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mehar “gore”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mehar n. “gore”
ᴺQ. !serca- v. “to bleed”
Q. sercë (serci-) n. “blood”
⚠️ᴱQ. vísi n. “blood”; see instead:
Q. sercë “blood”
⚠️ᴹQ. yár (yar-) n. “blood”; see instead:
Q. sercë “blood”

4.16 Bone

ᴺQ. !amboraxosta n. “rib cage”
⚠️ᴱQ. as (ass-) n. “bone”; see instead:
Q. axo¹ “bone”
⚠️ᴱQ. assëa adj. “bony”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !axula “bony”
⚠️ᴹQ. #asto² (astu-) n. “bone”; see instead:
Q. axo¹ “bone”
⚠️ᴹQ. astula adj. “bony”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !axula “bony”
⚠️ᴱQ. aswa adj. “of bone”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !axula “bony”
ᴺQ. !axendë n. “marrow”
Q. axo¹ n. “bone”
ᴺQ. !axosta n. “skeleton”
ᴺQ. !axula adj. “bony”
⚠️ᴱQ. hón(a) n. “bone”; see instead:
Q. axo¹ “bone”
ᴺQ. !ilcaxo n. “ivory, (lit.) gleam bone”

4.17 Horn (animal)

ᴹQ. hyalma n. “conch, shell, horn of Ulmo”
Q., ᴹQ. rassë n. “horn [of both animals and mountains]”
ᴺQ. !rassëa adj. “horned”
ᴹQ. tarca n. “horn [of animals]”
⚠️ᴱQ. taru n. “horn”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tarca “horn [of animals]”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarucca adj. “horned”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rassëa “horned”

4.18 Tail

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^pimpë (pimpi-) n. “tail”
⚠️ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) n. “tail”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^pimpë “tail”

4.19 Back

ᴺQ. !catta n. “back”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hacca n. “the hams, buttocks”

4.20 Head

⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cár (cas-) n. “head”; see instead:
Q. cas “head, [ᴱQ.] top, ⚠️summit”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cas (car-) n. “head, [ᴱQ.] top, ⚠️summit”

4.202 Skull

⚠️ᴺQ. !caraxo n. “skull, *(lit.) head-bone”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !corpë “skull”
⚠️ᴺQ. !coropë n. “skull”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !corpë “skull”
ᴺQ. !corpë n. “skull”

4.204 Face

⚠️ᴱQ. alma n. “face”; see instead:
Q. cendelë “face, *visage”
ᴺQ. [Q.], ᴹQ., ᴱQ. anta n. “[ᴹQ.] face, *front of the head, [ᴱQ.] cheek; ⚠️[Q.] jaw”
⚠️Q. #canwa² n. “face”; see instead:
Q. cendelë “face, *visage”
Q. cendelë n. “face, *visage”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nívë n. “face”; see instead:
ᴺQ. anta “[ᴹQ.] face, *front of the head, [ᴱQ.] cheek; ⚠️[Q.] jaw”
Q. -stir suf. “face”
⚠️ᴱQ. yéma n. “face”; see instead:
Q. cendelë “face, *visage”

4.205 Forehead

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] candóla n. “crown of head”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] timbarë n. “forehead”

4.206 Eyebrow

Q. *estirnë n. “brow”

4.207 Jaw

Q., ᴹQ. anca n. “jaws; [ᴹQ.] jaw, row of teeth”
⚠️ᴱQ. câ n. “jaw”; see instead:
Q. anca “jaws; [ᴹQ.] jaw, row of teeth”
⚠️ᴱQ. maquar n. “jaw”; see instead:
Q. anca “jaws; [ᴹQ.] jaw, row of teeth”
ᴹQ. nangwa n. “jaw”

4.209 Chin

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] venta n. “chin”

4.21 Eye

Q. alahen (alahend-) adj. “eyeless”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #hen (hend-) n. “eye”
ᴺQ. !hencúnë n. “eyebrow, (lit.) eye-arch”
ᴺQ. !hentópa n. “eyelid”
⚠️ᴱQ. sé n. “eye, eyeball, pupil”; see instead:
Q. #hen “eye”
⚠️ᴱQ. sehtë (sehti-) n. “pupil; bead; †eye, eyeball”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinda¹ n. “eye”; see instead:
Q. #hen “eye”
⚠️ᴹQ. yé² n. “eye”; see instead:
Q. #hen “eye”

4.212 Sharpeyed

Q. hendumaica adj. “sharp-eye[d]”

4.213 Evileyed

ᴹQ. henulca adj. “*evil-eyed”

4.22 Ear

⚠️ᴱQ. ancar (ancas-) n. “ear (of men)”; see instead:
Q. hlas “ear”
ᴺQ. !hlarma n. “earpiece, receiver”
Q. hlas (hlar-) n. “ear”
⚠️ᴹQ. lár n. “ear”; see instead:
Q. hlas “ear”
⚠️ᴱQ. quan (quand-) n. “ear”; see instead:
Q. hlas “ear”
⚠️ᴱQ. unc(o) (unqu-) n. “ear (of animals); corner, sticking out edge”; see instead:
Q. hlas “ear”

4.23 Nose

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mén (mem-) n. “beak, ⚠️nose”
⚠️ᴱQ. men¹ (mem-) n. “nose, beak”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mén “beak, ⚠️nose”
ᴹQ. mundo (mundu-) n. “snout, nose; cape [of land]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nen (neng-) n. “nostril”
ᴹQ. nengwë (nengwi-) n. “nose”
ᴹQ. nengwëa adj. “nasal”
⚠️ᴹQ. nin (ning-) n. “nose, beak”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nengwë “nose”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽penta n. “nose, beak (probably of such birds as woodpeckers)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nengwë “nose”
⚠️ᴱQ. súma n. “nostril”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nen “nostril”
⚠️ᴱQ. súnë n. “(human) nose”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nengwë “nose”

4.24 Mouth

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. anto n. “mouth [as a thing for eating]; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] jaw”
⚠️Q. carpa n. “(entire) mouth; phonetic system”; see instead:
Q. náva² “*mouth (including tongue, lips and teeth), speech apparatus”
Q. lambelë “phonetics”
⚠️ᴱQ. matu n. “the mouth (inside)”; see instead:
Q. songa “mouth (interior cavity behind the teeth containing the tongue)”
Q. náva² [ñ-] n. “*mouth (including tongue, lips and teeth), speech apparatus”
Q. ópa n. “mouth (opening of which the lips are the edges)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ó(vo) n. “mouth”; see instead:
Q. ópa “mouth (opening of which the lips are the edges)”
⚠️Q. páva n. “mouth”; see instead:
Q. náva² “*mouth (including tongue, lips and teeth), speech apparatus”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. pé n. “(closed) mouth; the two lips [as dual], ⚠️lip”
Q. songa n. “mouth (interior cavity behind the teeth containing the tongue)”

4.25 Lip

⚠️ᴱQ. cailë n. “lip”; see instead:
Q. #pempë “lip”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilmë n. “lip”; see instead:
Q. #pempë “lip”
Q. #pempë n. “lip”

4.26 Tongue

Q., ᴹQ. lamba n. “(physical) tongue”

4.27 Tooth

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. carca n. “fang, [ᴹQ.] tooth, [ᴱQ.] tusk; ⚠️[Q.] rock”
ᴹQ. carcanë n. “row of teeth”
⚠️ᴱQ. carcanel n. “fang”; see instead:
Q. carca “fang, [ᴹQ.] tooth, [ᴱQ.] tusk; ⚠️[Q.] rock”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] carcara adj. “toothed”
ᴹQ. nelet (nelc-) n. “tooth”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyat n. “tooth”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nelcë “tooth”

4.28 Neck

Q. axë n. “neck [vertebrae], *(upper) spine; rock ridge”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lango n. “neck, [ᴹQ.] throat; [Q.] passages [that are] narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, *corridor”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. yat¹ (yaht-) n. “neck; [ᴱQ.] isthmus”; see instead:
Q. axë “neck [vertebrae], *(upper) spine; rock ridge”
ᴹQ. yatta “(narrow) neck, isthmus; *(lit.) joining”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. yatta n. “(narrow) neck, isthmus; *(lit.) joining”

4.29 Throat

⚠️ᴱQ. caicta- v. “to strangle”
⚠️ᴱQ. cailen n. “throat, gullet”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hlunco “pharynx, gullet”
⚠️ᴱQ. carco (carcu-) n. “alimentary canel”
ᴺQ. !hluc- v. “to swallow”
ᴺQ. !hlunco (hluncu-) n. “pharynx, gullet”
⚠️ᴹQ. lanco n. “throat”; see instead:
Q. lango “neck, [ᴹQ.] throat; [Q.] passages [that are] narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, *corridor”
ᴺQ. !hlunco “pharynx, gullet”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelqua n. “throat”; see instead:
Q. lango “neck, [ᴹQ.] throat; [Q.] passages [that are] narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, *corridor”
⚠️ᴱQ. querca n. “throat”; see instead:
Q. lango “neck, [ᴹQ.] throat; [Q.] passages [that are] narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, *corridor”

4.30 Shoulder

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] almo n. “shoulder, ⚠️back”

4.31 Arm

⚠️ᴱQ. lenc (lenqu-) n. “limb”
⚠️ᴱQ. olet (olec-) n. “forearm”
⚠️ᴱQ. rá n. “arm”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ranco “arm”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ranco (rancu-) n. “arm”

4.32 Elbow

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ólemë n. “elbow”

4.33 Hand

Q. camba n. “(cupped) hand, hollow of the hand”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. #cambë n. “(hollow of) hand”; see instead:
Q. camba “(cupped) hand, hollow of the hand”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. má n. “hand”
⚠️ᴱQ. †mactë¹ (maxi-) n. “hand”; see instead:
Q. má “hand”
Q. nonda n. “hand especially in (?clutching)”
Q., ᴹQ. quár(ë) n. “fist, closed hand”

4.332 Hand (other)

Q. ataformaitë adj. “ambidextrous”
Q. atamaitë adj. “two-handed”
⚠️ᴱQ. erumaitë adj. “one handed”
Q., ᴹQ. maitë (maiti-) adj. “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
⚠️ᴱQ. #maitë³ adj. “handed”; see instead:
Q. maitë “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
Q. málimë (málimi-) n. “wrist, (lit.) hand-link”
⚠️ᴱQ. maqua adj. “handy, skilled (with hands)”; see instead:
Q. maitë “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
Q. maqua “hand-full, group of five (similar) things; hand (colloquial); ⚠️closing or closed [hand] (facing down) for taking”
Q. maqua n. “hand-full, group of five (similar) things; hand (colloquial); ⚠️closing or closed [hand] (facing down) for taking”
⚠️ᴱQ. maqualëa adj. “handy, skilled (with hands)”; see instead:
Q. maitë “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
⚠️ᴱQ. maricta n. “wrist”; see instead:
Q. málimë “wrist, (lit.) hand-link”
⚠️ᴱQ. mavoitë (mavoisi-) adj. “having hands”; see instead:
Q. maitë “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
⚠️Q. maxë n. “handiness”; see instead:
Q. massë² “portion, share; capacity, [ᴹQ.] measure; the personal measure or capacity of a man, a talent; [Q.] †handful”
Q., ᴹQ. morimaitë adj. “black-handed”
Q., ᴱQ. palta n. “flat of the hand, *palm; [ᴱQ.] shelf”
⚠️ᴱQ. paltya n. “flat of hand, palm of hand”; see instead:
Q. palta “flat of the hand, *palm; [ᴱQ.] shelf”

4.34 Finger

⚠️Q. amaltil n. “*mother finger”; see instead:
Q. lepetas “index finger”
⚠️ᴱQ. anda-lepta adj. “long-fingered”
⚠️Q. antil n. “*middle finger”; see instead:
Q. lependë “middle finger”
⚠️Q. cantil n. “fourth finger”; see instead:
Q. lepecan “fourth finger”
⚠️Q. enestil n. “*middle finger”; see instead:
Q. lependë “middle finger”
Q. lepecan (lepecant-) n. “fourth finger”
Q. lependë n. “middle finger”
Q. †lepenel n. “middle finger”
Q. lepentë n. “fourth finger”
Q. leper n. “finger”
Q. lepetas (lepetass-) n. “index finger”
Q. lepincë (lepinci-) n. “little finger”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. lepsë n. “*finger”; see instead:
Q. leper “finger”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lepta adj. and n. “fingered; ⚠️thumb, [ᴱQ.] finger”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. let (leps-) n. “finger”; see instead:
Q. leper “finger”
⚠️Q. leuta n. “finger”; see instead:
Q. leper “finger”
Q. nícë n. “little finger”
⚠️Q. nihtil n. “little [finger]”; see instead:
Q. lepincë “little finger”
⚠️Q. seltil n. “daughter [finger name]”; see instead:
Q. lepecan “fourth finger”
⚠️ᴱQ. tapatenda adj. “taper fingered, light fingered, long fingered”
Q. tassa n. “index finger”
⚠️Q. tastil n. “*index finger”; see instead:
Q. lepetas “index finger”
⚠️ᴱQ. -tenda suf. “having fingers”; see instead:
Q. lepta “fingered; ⚠️thumb, [ᴱQ.] finger”
⚠️ᴱQ. tenna n. “finger”; see instead:
Q. leper “finger”
Q. tolyo n. “sticker-up”
⚠️Q. yontil n. “boy, son [finger name]”; see instead:
Q. lependë “middle finger”

4.342 Thumb

⚠️Q. atartil n. “thumb [nursery rhymes]”; see instead:
Q. nápo “thumb, (lit.) picker”
Q. nápo n. “thumb, (lit.) picker”
⚠️Q. tollë² n. “thumb”; see instead:
Q. nápo “thumb, (lit.) picker”
⚠️Q. tolpë n. “thumb”; see instead:
Q. nápo “thumb, (lit.) picker”
⚠️Q. toltil n. “thumb”; see instead:
Q. nápo “thumb, (lit.) picker”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyútë (tyúsi-) n. “thumb”; see instead:
Q. nápo “thumb, (lit.) picker”

4.35 Leg

⚠️ᴱQ. attalaitë adj. “biped”; see instead:
Q. #attalya “biped, *(lit.) two-footed”
⚠️ᴱQ. attalin n. “biped”; see instead:
Q. #attalya “biped, *(lit.) two-footed”
Q. #attalya n. and adj. “biped, *(lit.) two-footed”
ᴺQ. !cantalya adj. and n. “four-legged, quadruped, (lit.) four-footed”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. ciuca n. “*thigh”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuco “thigh”
⚠️ᴹQ. nöa² n. “thigh”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuco “thigh”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] oswë [þ] n. “hip”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. pelco n. “leg”; see instead:
Q. telco “leg; stem”
⚠️ᴱQ. piu n. “calf of leg”
ᴹQ. quingatelco adj. “*bow-legged”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. telco (?telcu-) n. “leg; stem”
ᴹQ. tiuco n. “thigh”
⚠️ᴹQ. tyúca n. “thigh”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuco “thigh”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyú(ta) n. “thigh”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuco “thigh”

4.36 Knee

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] occa n. “knee”

4.37 Foot

ᴹQ. runya n. “slot, footprint”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tál (tal-) n. “foot; [ᴹQ.] bottom, [ᴱQ.] lowest part”
⚠️ᴱQ. tala¹ n. “foot; bottom, lowest part”; see instead:
Q. tál “foot; [ᴹQ.] bottom, [ᴱQ.] lowest part”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] talaitë (talaiti-) adj. “footed”
⚠️ᴱQ. talas (talast-) n. “sole”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tallunë “sole of foot”
ᴺQ. !tallimë (tallimi-) n. “ankle, (lit.) foot-link”
ᴹQ. tallunë n. “sole of foot”

4.38 Toe

Q. pirë n. “toe”
Q. taltil (taltill-) n. “toe, *(lit.) foot-tip”
Q. taltol n. “big toe”
Q. tolbo n. “big toe; stump, stub; ⚠️thumb”

4.39 Nail, Claw

Q. nappa n. “claw, talon”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyelet (nyelec-) n. “nail (of the finger)”
ᴹQ. #racca n. “*claw”
ᴹQ. raccalepta adj. “*claw-fingered”

4.392 Wing

⚠️ᴱQ. #ala² n. “wing”; see instead:
Q. ráma “wing; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] arm”
⚠️ᴱQ. anda-ráma adj. “long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ehtaráma adj. “having a wing like a sword”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ráma n. “wing; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] arm”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rámaitë (rámaiti-) adj. “winged, having wings”
⚠️ᴱQ. rámavoitë adj. “winged, having wings”; see instead:
ᴺQ. rámaitë “winged, having wings”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ramna n. “wing (horn)”; see instead:
Q. ráma “wing; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] arm”
⚠️ᴱQ. vassë (vassi-) n. “wing”; see instead:
Q. ráma “wing; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] arm”
⚠️ᴱQ. vassivaswë n. “beating or rushing of wings”
⚠️ᴱQ. wilda adj. “winged”; see instead:
ᴺQ. rámaitë “winged, having wings”

4.393 Feather

ᴹQ. lúpë n. “plume”
⚠️ᴱQ. pectë (pexi-) n. “plume, cox-comb”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lúpë “plume”
ᴺQ. ^pehtë “cox-comb, *crest (of birds), ⚠️plume”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^pehtë n. “cox-comb, *crest (of birds), ⚠️plume”
⚠️ᴹQ. pilen n. “feather”; see instead:
Q. quessë “feather”
ᴹQ. pilin “arrow; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] feather”
⚠️ᴱQ. pilinquasilla n. “nodding plume”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lúpë “plume”
Q. pilinehtar “a reed-like plant, (lit.) ?arrow thorn”
⚠️ᴱQ. pilintelë n. “plumage”
⚠️ᴱQ. quasilla n. “tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lúpë “plume”
Q., ᴹQ. quessë n. “feather”

4.40 Front of Chest

⚠️ᴹQ. ambor n. “breast, *chest”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ambos “breast, *chest”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^ambos (ambor-) n. “breast, *chest”
⚠️ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) n. “breast”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ambos “breast, *chest”

4.41 Breast of Woman

⚠️ᴱQ. ambar² (ambas-) n. “breast, bosom”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ambos “breast, *chest”
ᴺQ. !ambostulco n. “bra, (lit.) breast-support”
Q. súma n. “hollow cavity, bosom”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tittë n. “breast [of a woman], ⚠️teat”
ᴺQ. !tyet- v. “to suckle, nurse”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyetsë n. “teat, *nipple”

4.44 Heart

⚠️ᴱQ. elwen n. “heart”; see instead:
Q. hón “heart (physical organ)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. hón (hom-) n. “heart (physical organ)”
Q. #honda adj. “hearted”
⚠️ᴹQ. #hondo adj. “*hearted”; see instead:
Q. #honda “hearted”
ᴺQ. !hontompa n. “heartbeat”
Q. sincahonda adj. “flint-hearted”
⚠️ᴹQ. tingahondo adj. “flint-hearted”; see instead:
Q. sincahonda “flint-hearted”

4.45 Liver

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lepsa n. “liver”

4.46 Belly, Stomach

ᴹQ. #cumba adj. “*bellied”
ᴺQ. !cumbo n. “belly”
⚠️ᴱQ. famba n. “belly, fat body”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cumbo “belly”
ᴺQ. !hirdë n. “entrails, bowels”
⚠️ᴱQ. palla n. “paunch”
ᴹQ. sauricumba [þ] adj. “*foul-bellied”

4.47 Womb

⚠️Q. #carva n. “*womb”; see instead:
Q. #móna “*womb”
⚠️Q. #colba n. “*womb”; see instead:
Q. #móna “*womb”
Q. #móna n. “*womb”
ᴺQ. !pucco (puccu-) n. “cunnus, vagina”

4.48 Egg

ᴺQ. !maldë n. “yolk”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ohtë n. “egg”

4.49 Testicle

⚠️ᴱQ. milt n. “semen”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^miltë “semen”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^miltë (milti-) n. “semen”

4.492 Penis

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hapta- v. “to eject, ejaculate”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^puncil n. “male organ, penis”
⚠️ᴱQ. puntl n. “mem. vir., *penis”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^puncil “male organ, penis”
ᴺQ. !vielóra n. “eunuch”

4.51 to Breathe; Breath

Q. föa n. “breath, puff of breath”
Q. *nef- v. “to breathe (air)”
Q. #nefítë adj. “air-breathing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quor- v. “to choke, suffocate, (esp.) drown”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quorin adj. “drowned, choked, speechless”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quosta- v. “to choke, drown (trans.)”
Q., ᴹQ. súlë [þ] n. “breath; (movement of) spirit, emission of power (of will or desire)”
ᴹQ. súya- [þ] v. “to breathe”

4.52 to Gape, Yawn

Q. #hac- v. “to yawn”
Q. hácala adj. “yawning”
⚠️ᴱQ. yámë adj. “yawning”; see instead:
Q. hácala “yawning”
ᴹQ. yanga- v. “to yawn”

4.53 to Cough

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hototyossë n. “a cough and a sneeze”
⚠️ᴱQ. hútatyosta n. “whooping cough”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyuxo n. “hiccup”
⚠️ᴱQ. nang- v. “I have a cold”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nungwë “cold (in the nose or head)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nungo n. “cold (in the nose or head)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nungwë “cold (in the nose or head)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nungwë n. “cold (in the nose or head)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyos (tyoss-) n. “cough”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tyosta- v. “to cough”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyosto- v. “to cough”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tyosta- “to cough”

4.54 to Sneeze

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hont n. “sneeze”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hontossë n. “loud sneeze”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hotya- v. “to sneeze”
⚠️ᴱQ. #hotyo- v. “to sneeze”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hotya- “to sneeze”

4.56 to Spit

⚠️ᴹQ. pis- [þ] v. “to spit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. piuta- “to spit”
⚠️ᴱQ. pist- v. “to spit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. piuta- “to spit”
ᴹQ. piuta- v. “to spit”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] recca n. “spittle, *saliva”
⚠️ᴱQ. rent (renty-) n. “spittle, saliva”; see instead:
ᴺQ. recca “spittle, *saliva”
⚠️ᴱQ. retye- v. “to spit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. piuta- “to spit”

4.57 to Vomit

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quam- v. “to be ill, vomit”
ᴺQ. !quamna n. “vomit”
ᴺQ. !sála n. “gall, bile”

4.58 to Bite

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nac-² v. “to bite”
ᴹQ. nahta¹ n. “bite”
ᴺQ. !nyanda- v. “to gnaw”

4.59 to Lick

ᴹQ. lapsa- v. “to lick (frequentative)”
⚠️ᴹQ. lapsa n. “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating”; see instead:
ᴺQ. laptë “gluttonous eating, [ᴹQ.] †licking up (food or drink)”
ᴺQ. [Q.] laptë n. “gluttonous eating, [ᴹQ.] †licking up (food or drink)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lav- v. “to lick”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. salpa- v. “to lick up, sup, sip, [ᴱQ.] take a sup of; to sample”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^salpë n. “sip, ⚠️taste”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sulpa- v. “to lap up, drink greedily; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink”
⚠️ᴱQ. sult (sulp-) n. “sip, taste”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^salpë “sip, ⚠️taste”

4.61 to Sleep; Sleep

⚠️ᴱQ. fansa n. “swoon”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lortalë “swoon, faint, dizziness”
⚠️ᴱQ. fanta- v. “to fall asleep, go dazed, swoon”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lorta- “to faint, swoon, become dazed”
ᴺQ. !loru- “to fall asleep”
⚠️ᴱQ. fum- v. “to sleep”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #lor- “to sleep, [ᴱQ.] slumber”
⚠️ᴱQ. fúmë n. “(deep) sleep”; see instead:
Q. lórë “[ᴹQ.] slumber, *sleep; [Q.] dream”
ᴺQ. !hwínë n. “giddiness, faintness”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #lor- v. “to sleep, [ᴱQ.] slumber”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lorda adj. “slumbrous, drowsy, *sleepy”
ᴹQ. lorna adj. “asleep”
ᴺQ. !lornata- v. “to put to sleep”
ᴺQ. !lornatála adj. “sleep-inducing”
ᴺQ. !lorta- v. “to faint, swoon, become dazed”
ᴺQ. !lortalë n. “swoon, faint, dizziness”
ᴺQ. !loru- v. “to fall asleep”
⚠️ᴱQ. murmë n. “slumber, sleep”; see instead:
Q. lórë “[ᴹQ.] slumber, *sleep; [Q.] dream”
⚠️ᴱQ. murmëa adj. “slumbrous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lorda “slumbrous, drowsy, *sleepy”
⚠️ᴱQ. muru- v. “to slumber, sleep”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #lor- “to sleep, [ᴱQ.] slumber”

4.62 Dream

ᴺQ. !cuilórë n. “day-dream, (lit.) awake-dream”
⚠️ᴱQ. fanórë n. “day-dream”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuilórë “day-dream, (lit.) awake-dream”
⚠️ᴱQ. fantl n. “vision, dream, hazy notion, imaginary idea”; see instead:
Q. olor “dream, vision”
Q. tenna³ “thought, notion, idea”
⚠️ᴱQ. fanwë n. “dream”; see instead:
Q. olor “dream, vision”
Q. indemma n. “mind-picture (of apparition in dream)”
Q., ᴹQ. lórë n. “[ᴹQ.] slumber, *sleep; [Q.] dream”
Q. óla- v. “to dream (impersonal)”
⚠️ᴹQ. olar n. “dream”; see instead:
Q. olor “dream, vision”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. olor n. “dream, vision”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] olorda adj. “dreamy, drowsy; in dreams”
⚠️ᴱQ. olórë n. “dream”; see instead:
Q. olor “dream, vision”
⚠️ᴱQ. olórëa adj. “dreamy, dreamlike”; see instead:
Q. olosta “dreamy, *dreamlike”
Q. olosta adj. “dreamy, *dreamlike”

4.63 to Wake

⚠️ᴺQ. !cuiru- v. “to stir (to wakefullness)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !eccuinu- “to awake, wake up”
ᴺQ. [Q.] cuita- v. “to waken, rouse; ⚠️to live”
ᴺQ. !cuiva adj. “awake”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cuiva- v. “to awake”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cuita- “to waken, rouse; ⚠️to live”
ᴹQ. cuivëa adj. “wakening”
Q., ᴹQ. cuivië¹ n. “awakening”
⚠️ᴹQ. eccoita- v. “to awake”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cuita- “to waken, rouse; ⚠️to live”
ᴺQ. !eccuinu- v. “to awake, wake up”
⚠️ᴱQ. quíva adj. “awake”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuiva “awake”
⚠️ᴱQ. quívië n. “awakening”; see instead:
Q. cuivië¹ “awakening”

4.65 to Urinate; Urine

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mis (mist-) n. “urine”

4.66 to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement

ᴺQ. !catassa n. “anus, arsehole, (lit.) behind-hole”
ᴺQ. !hexan (hexamb-) n. “toilet, lavatory”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] múco n. “dung, *manure, muck”
⚠️ᴱQ. mucta- v. “cacare [Latin], *to empty bowels”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^muhta- “*to defecate, empty bowels”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^muhta- v. “*to defecate, empty bowels”
⚠️ᴺQ. !satyasambë [þ] n. “privy, lavatory”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hexan “toilet, lavatory”

4.67 to have Sexual Intercourse

ᴺQ. !hrupuhta- v. “to fornicate”
ᴺQ. !hrupuhtië n. “fornication”
ᴺQ. !hrupuhto n. “fornicator”
⚠️ᴱQ. pucta- v. “*to copulate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^puhta- “to copulate, have sex”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] puhta n. “coitus, *sex”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^puhta- v. “to copulate, have sex”
ᴺQ. !puhtëa adj. “sexual”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úpuhta- v. “to fornicate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hrupuhta- “to fornicate”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úpuhtalë n. “fornication”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hrupuhtië “fornication”
⚠️ᴹQ. yérë n. “*sexual desire”; see instead:
Q. yermë “sexual desire (for marriage and procreation)”
Q. yermë n. “sexual desire (for marriage and procreation)”

4.71 to Beget (of Father)

⚠️ᴱQ. ciw- v. “*to germinate, impregnate”
Q., ᴹQ. onta- v. “to beget, *conceive (a child); [ᴹQ.] to create”
⚠️ᴱQ. puita- v. “to beget”; see instead:
Q. onta- “to beget, *conceive (a child); [ᴹQ.] to create”

4.72 to Bear (of Mother)

ᴺQ. !ennóna adj. “born again”
⚠️ᴺQ. !enontië n. “rebirth, resurrection”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !enortalë “resurrection”
ᴺQ. !enortalë n. “resurrection”
ᴺQ. !ernóna adj. “only-born, only-begotten”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nó- v. “to be born, ⚠️become”
Q. #nóna adj. “born”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nónië n. “birth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nosta “birth, ⚠️birthday”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nosta n. “birth, ⚠️birthday”
Q., ᴱQ. nosta- v. “to beget, [ᴱQ.] give birth to; [Q.] to be begotten, *be born [impersonal]; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to cause”
ᴺQ. !nostarë n. “birthday”
⚠️ᴺQ. !onya- v. “to be born, be begotten”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nó- “to be born, ⚠️become”

4.73 Pregnant

⚠️Q. colbamarië n. “gestation, *(lit.) womb-residence”; see instead:
Q. colbanavië “gestation, *(lit.) womb-being”
Q. colbanavië n. “gestation, *(lit.) womb-being”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lapsarwa adj. “pregnant, (lit.) baby-having”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lapselunga “pregnant, (lit.) baby-heavy”
ᴺQ. !lapselunga adj. “pregnant, (lit.) baby-heavy”

4.74 to Live; Living; Life

Q. ceula adj. “?alive (of vegetable)”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. coina adj. “alive, ⚠️living”
⚠️ᴱQ. coirë n. “life”; see instead:
Q. coivië “life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; ⚠️awakening”
Q. coirë “stirring, early spring; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] life”
Q., ᴱQ. coirëa adj. “living, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] lively, alive”
⚠️ᴱQ. coiresta- v. “to spend one’s life”
Q., ᴹQ. #coita- v. “[ᴹQ.] to live, be alive, have life”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] coiva adj. “lively, ⚠️living; awake”
ᴺQ. !coivenqua adj. “lively, vibrant, vivacious, (lit.) full of life”
Q., ᴱQ. coivië n. “life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; ⚠️awakening”
⚠️ᴹQ. cuilë n. “life, being alive”; see instead:
Q. coivië “life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; ⚠️awakening”
⚠️ᴹQ. cuina adj. “alive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. coina “alive, ⚠️living”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cuina- v. “to live, be alive”; see instead:
Q. #coita- “[ᴹQ.] to live, be alive, have life”
ᴹQ. (ec)coiru- v. “to come to life”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laulë n. “mode of life, *lifestyle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laulesta n. “livelihood”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laulesta- v. “to lead a life, gain a living”
⚠️ᴱQ. lausiva adj. “living (of plants)”; see instead:
Q. ceula “?alive (of vegetable)”
⚠️ᴱQ. löa n. “life”; see instead:
Q. löa “(seasonal) year, (lit.) (time of) growth, blooming”
Q. coivië “life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; ⚠️awakening”
Q. vehtë n. “[a span of] life; habitat, haunt”
Q. vehtequentalë n. “biography”

4.742 Immortal

ᴹQ. #alfírima adj. “immortal”
ᴹQ. Alfírimo n. “Immortal”
⚠️ᴹQ. ilfirin adj. “immortal”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #alfírima “immortal”

4.75 to Die; Dead; Death

⚠️ᴹQ. fairë² n. “natural death (as act)”; see instead:
Q. fírië “death (of Men), *natural death”
⚠️ᴱQ. fé n. “last hour, last breath, (act of) death”; see instead:
Q. fírië “death (of Men), *natural death”
Q., ᴹQ. fir- v. “to die, fade, †expire, breathe forth”
Q. fírië n. “death (of Men), *natural death”
Q., ᴹQ. fírima adj. “mortal, *(lit.) able to die”
ᴹQ. fírimárë n. “mortality, the state of being mortal”
ᴹQ. firin adj. “dead (by natural cause)”
⚠️ᴱQ. mána adj. “dead”; see instead:
ᴹQ. qualin “dead, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dying”
Q. mána “blessing, good thing; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] blessed”
⚠️ᴱQ. #narca² adj. “dead”; see instead:
ᴹQ. qualin “dead, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dying”
ᴹQ. nuru [ñ-] n. “death [abstract]”
Q., ᴱQ. qual- v. “to die”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. qualin adj. “dead, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dying”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. qualmë n. “(process of) death, (death) agony”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] qualmëa adj. “deadly, deathly”
⚠️ᴱQ. †qualna adj. “dead”; see instead:
ᴹQ. qualin “dead, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dying”
⚠️ᴱQ. †qualumë¹ n. “death”; see instead:
ᴹQ. qualmë “(process of) death, (death) agony”
⚠️ᴱQ. †qualúmëa adj. “deadly”; see instead:
ᴺQ. qualmëa “deadly, deathly”
⚠️ᴱQ. urdu n. “death”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nuru “death [abstract]”
⚠️Q. ?urtu n. “death”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nuru “death [abstract]”
⚠️ᴱQ. warda adj. “dead”; see instead:
ᴹQ. qualin “dead, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dying”

4.76 to Kill

ᴺQ. !atannahtar n. “man-slayer”
⚠️ᴺQ. !firta- v. “to kill”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !qualta- “to kill, murder”
⚠️ᴱQ. macca n. “slaughter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nahtalë “slaughter”
⚠️ᴱQ. macta- v. “to slay, slaughter”; see instead:
Q. nahta-¹ “to slay; ⚠️[Q.] to hurt, injure, wound; [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly”
Q. mahta- “to handle, wield, use, make use of; to manage, deal with, treat, control; [ᴹQ.] to wield a weapon, fight; to stroke, feel”
⚠️ᴱQ. mactya- v. “to kill”; see instead:
Q. nahta-¹ “to slay; ⚠️[Q.] to hurt, injure, wound; [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nahta-¹ v. “to slay; ⚠️[Q.] to hurt, injure, wound; [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly”
ᴺQ. !nahtalë n. “slaughter”
Q. nahtana adj. “*slain”
ᴺQ. !nahtar n. “slayer, murderer”
Q. #nehtar n. “slayer”
ᴺQ. !qualta- v. “to kill, murder”

4.77 Corpse, Body

⚠️ᴱQ. caivo n. “corpse”; see instead:
Q. loico “corpse, dead body”
Q. loico n. “corpse, dead body”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelectë n. “carcase”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quelehtë “carcass”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quelehtë n. “carcass”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. quelet (quelett-) n. “corpse”

4.79 Grave, Tomb

⚠️ᴱQ. caunë n. “grave”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sapta “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
⚠️ᴹQ. lára² n. “grave”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sapta “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
Q. #noirë n. “tomb”

4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful

⚠️ᴱQ. anúva adj. “doughty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hanúva “doughty, *manly”
ᴺQ. [Q.] astalda adj. “*valiant; ⚠️strong”
⚠️ᴺQ. !curya adj. “potent, powerful, strong (as function of craft or cunning)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. turwa “powerful [in a general sense]”
Q. melehta adj. “mighty”
ᴺQ. [Q.] melehtë n. “might, power (inherent)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nertu n. “strength”; see instead:
ᴹQ. poldorë “[ᴱQ.] physical strength; ⚠️might”
ᴺQ. !poldavë adv. “strongly”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. poldorë n. “[ᴱQ.] physical strength; ⚠️might”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. poldórëa adj. “strong, strong-bodied, [ᴱQ.] muscular, ⚠️powerful”
⚠️ᴺQ. !pollië adv. “hard, strongly”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !poldavë “strongly”
Q., ᴹQ. taura adj. “(very) mighty, masterful; vast, of unmeasured might or size”
⚠️ᴺQ. !torya- v. “to strengthen”; see instead:
ᴹQ. turya- “to strengthen”
ᴹQ. tuo n. “muscle, sinew; vigour, physical strength”
Q., ᴱQ. #turca adj. “strong, powerful (in body)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] turwa adj. “powerful [in a general sense]”
Q., ᴹQ. turya- v. “[ᴹQ.] to strengthen”
Q., ᴹQ. turyandë n. “fortification, [ᴹQ.] strengthening”
ᴹQ. turyanwa adj. “fortified, *strengthened”
ᴹQ. vëassë n. “vigour”

4.82 Weak, Infirm

Q. limpa adj. “frail, slender and drooping”
Q. úmaitë adj. “clumsy(-handed), unskilled”

4.83 Well; Health

⚠️ᴹQ. al- v. “to thrive”; see instead:
Q. ala-¹ “to grow (of plants) [intr. and trans.], plant; *to thrive, flourish (of other creatures)”
Q. málë n. “good health”
ᴺQ. !málëa adj. “healthy, healthful”

4.84 Sick; Sickness

ᴹQ. caila adj. “lying in bed, *abed, ⚠️bedridden; sickness”
ᴹQ. caimassë n. “sickness, (lit.) lying in bed”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. caimassëa adj. “bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed”
Q., ᴹQ. #engwa adj. “sickly”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hlaiwa adj. “sickly, sick, ill”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hlívë n. “sickness, *disease”
ᴺQ. !hruhirdië n. “dysentery”
⚠️ᴹQ. laiwa adj. “sickly, sick, ill”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlaiwa “sickly, sick, ill”
⚠️ᴱQ. leucë (leuci-) adj. “sick, ill; pallid, wan”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlaiwa “sickly, sick, ill”
ᴹQ. malwa “fallow, pale, [ᴱQ.] yellowish, *wan”
⚠️ᴱQ. leumë n. “sickness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlívë “sickness, *disease”
⚠️ᴹQ. lívë n. “sickness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlívë “sickness, *disease”
⚠️ᴱQ. naica² adj. “stricken ill, sick”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlaiwa “sickly, sick, ill”
ᴺQ. quámëa “sick, *nauseous”
⚠️ᴱQ. naico adv. “*sickly”; see instead:
Q. #engwa “sickly”
Q. nimpa adj. “drooping, ailing”
⚠️ᴱQ. quamba adj. “unwell, sick”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quámëa “sick, *nauseous”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. quámë n. “sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quámëa adj. “sick, *nauseous”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quol- v. “to ail, *be sick”
⚠️ᴱQ. quolda adj. “ill”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quolina “ill, sickly, ailing”
⚠️ᴱQ. quolima adj. “sickly, ailing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quolina “ill, sickly, ailing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quolimo n. “invalid”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quolina adj. “ill, sickly, ailing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quolu n. “disease”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quolúva adj. “pestilent, pestilential”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quolúvië n. “pestilence”
ᴺQ. !sauluppo (sauluppu-) n. “cancer (disease) ”

4.85 to Wound; Wound; Wounded

ᴹQ. harna- v. “to wound”
ᴹQ. harna¹ adj. “wounded”
ᴹQ. harwë² n. “wound”
Q. nahtë n. “wounding, wound”
⚠️ᴹQ. nirwa² adj. “scarred”
⚠️ᴹQ. nirwë n. “scar”
⚠️ᴱQ. sastya adj. “sore, galled”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sistina “ulcerated, sore”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sistë (sisti-) n. “ulcer, sore, boil”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sistina adj. “ulcerated, sore”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^velet n. “boil, tumor”
⚠️ᴱQ. welet (welect-) n. “boil, tumor”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^velet “boil, tumor”

4.86 to Cure, Heal

Q. #envinyata- v. “to renew, heal, *restore”
Q. hasa- [þ] v. “to treat (medically), (help to) cure; to treat kindly, make easy”
ᴺQ. !hasaino [þ] n. “patient, (lit.) medically treated one”
ᴺQ. !hasiendë [þ] n. “therapy, a process of treating medically”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nesta-² v. “to heal”; see instead:
Q. hasa- “to treat (medically), (help to) cure; to treat kindly, make easy”
Q. #envinyata- “to renew, heal, *restore”

4.87 Physician

Q. asar(o) [þ] n. “doctor, leech”
Q. asarta [þ] n. “doctor, leech”
ᴺQ. !hlaimar (hlaimard-) n. “hospital”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nestando n. “healer, physician”; see instead:
Q. asarta “doctor, leech”

4.88 Medicine, Drug

Q., ᴹQ. asëa [þ] n. “healing herb, ⚠️athelas”
⚠️ᴹQ. asëa aranaitë [þ] n. “*kingsfoil”; see instead:
Q. asëa aranion “kingsfoil, asëa of the Kings”
Q. asëa aranion [þ] n. “kingsfoil, asëa of the Kings”
ᴺQ. !colma n. “stretcher”
ᴺQ. !hasarë [þ] n. “medicine”
ᴺQ. !hasarëa [þ] adj. “medical”
⚠️ᴺQ. !haswa [þ] n. “medicine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hasarë “medicine”
Q. hröangolmë n. “lore of the body and arts of healing”

4.89 Poison

⚠️ᴱQ. fuiyáru n. “deadly nightshade”
⚠️ᴱQ. heno (henu-) n. “venom, poison”; see instead:
Q. hloima “poison, poisonous substance”
⚠️ᴱQ. henuva adj. “venomous, poisonous”; see instead:
Q. hloirëa “venomous, *poisonous”
Q. hloima n. “poison, poisonous substance”
Q. hloirë n. “venom, poison, poisonousness”
Q. hloirëa adj. “venomous, *poisonous”
Q. hloita- v. “to poison, envenom, fill with poison”
⚠️ᴹQ. sangwa n. “poison”; see instead:
Q. hloima “poison, poisonous substance”

4.91 Tired, Weary

ᴹQ. lumba adj. “weary”
⚠️ᴱQ. quiqui- v. “to hang, droop”; see instead:
Q. *linga- “[ᴹQ.] to hang, dangle”
⚠️ᴱQ. #rúsë (rúsi-) adj. “weary”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lumba “weary”
Q. rúsë “wrath”
ᴺQ. !sapsarrima adj. “boring, tedious”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarwa² adj. “tired”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lumba “weary”

4.92 Lazy

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quinqua adj. “languid, *lazy, relaxed, ⚠️drooping”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quinquelë n. “languor, *relaxation”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quinquelëa adj. “languorous, *relaxing”

4.93 Bald

⚠️ᴱQ. falcasse(a) adj. “bald”; see instead:
Q. parnë “bald, bare, ⚠️naked”
Q. parnë adj. “bald, bare, ⚠️naked”

4.94 Lame

⚠️ᴱQ. cauco (caucu-) n. “humpback”
⚠️ᴱQ. cupta- v. “to hump up, look lumpy”
ᴺQ. !hröaloica n. “cripple”
ᴺQ. !lalevítë adj. “lame”
⚠️ᴱQ. maita adj. “maimed”
ᴺQ. !úlévima adj. “paralyzed, ⚠️lame”

4.95 Deaf

⚠️ᴺQ. !hlárelóra adj. “deaf, (lit.) hearing-less”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lahlaraitë “deaf, (lit.) unable to hear”
ᴺQ. !lahlaraitë adj. “deaf, (lit.) unable to hear”

4.96 Dumb

Q. úpa adj. “dumb [unable to speak]”
Q. úpahtëa adj. “speechless”

4.97 Blind

⚠️ᴺQ. !cellóra adj. “blind, sightless”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lacenítë “unseeing, blind”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cénelóra n. “blind”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lacenítë “unseeing, blind”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cenenca adj. “blind, sightless”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lacenítë “unseeing, blind”
ᴺQ. [Q.] lacenítë adj. “unseeing, blind”
ᴺQ. [Q.] lomba adj. “blind”

4.98 Drunk

ᴺQ. !limpunqua adj. “drunken”
ᴺQ. !limpunquië n. “drunkenness”

4.99 Naked, Bare

⚠️ᴱQ. carp- v. “to pluck”
⚠️ᴱQ. carpalë n. “a plucking, tugging, wrenching; deceiving, tricking”
⚠️ᴱQ. falca¹ adj. “naked, bare”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helda¹ “naked, stripped bare”
⚠️ᴱQ. falin adj. “bare, nude, fallow, wild (of land)”; see instead:
Q. parnë “bald, bare, ⚠️naked”
⚠️ᴹQ. halla² adj. “naked”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helda¹ “naked, stripped bare”
ᴹQ. helda¹ adj. “naked, stripped bare”
ᴺQ. !heldassë n. “nakedness”
⚠️ᴱQ. hulin adj. “naked”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helda¹ “naked, stripped bare”
⚠️ᴱQ. hulqua adj. “naked”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helda¹ “naked, stripped bare”
⚠️Q. parca adj. “naked (of persons)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helda¹ “naked, stripped bare”
ᴹQ. parca “dry; ⚠️thirsty”

4.999 Body Parts and Functions (other)

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lepsilë (lepsily-) n. “tendril”

5. Food and Drink

5.11 to Eat

ᴺQ. !accamátala adj. “over-eating”
ᴺQ. !accamatië n. “over-eating”
⚠️ᴱQ. camanta- v. “to make eat, give to eat”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !matya- “to feed”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lávëar n. “glutton”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽malu- v. “to devour”; see instead:
Q. mammata- “to gorge (oneself), gobble up, [ᴹQ.] devour; [Q.] (lit.) to go on eating”
Q., ᴹQ. mammata- v. “to gorge (oneself), gobble up, [ᴹQ.] devour; [Q.] (lit.) to go on eating”
⚠️ᴱQ. manta adj. “eaten”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !matina “eaten”
Q. #manta- “to bless”
⚠️Q., ᴱQ. mastima adj. “edible”; see instead:
Q. mátima “edible”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mat- v. “to eat”
ᴹQ. #matië n. “eating”
Q. mátima adj. “edible”
ᴺQ. !matimar (matimard-) n. “restaurant, (lit.) eating hall”
ᴺQ. !matina adj. “eaten”
⚠️ᴱQ. matsa adj. “good to eat, nice”
⚠️ᴹQ. mattima adj. “edible”; see instead:
Q. mátima “edible”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-matwa suf. “*-eating”; see instead:
Q. #-matya “-eating”
Q. #-matya suf. “-eating”
ᴺQ. !matya- v. “to feed”
⚠️ᴱQ. nesta n. “(act of) feeding”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nestië “(act of) feeding”
ᴺQ. !nestië n. “(act of) feeding”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyuc- v. “to chew”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyúca² n. “cud”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tyuxë “cud”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyus (tyux-) n. “cud”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tyuxë “cud”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyustyucta- v. “to chew the cud; to reflect, reminisce”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tyustyuhta- “to chew the cud; to reflect, reminisce”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tyustyuhta- v. “to chew the cud; to reflect, reminisce”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tyuxë n. “cud”
ᴺQ. !vas- [þ] v. “to consume”

5.12 Food

ᴺQ. !celvamatta n. “animal food”
⚠️ᴱQ. coisimatl n. “animal food”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !celvamatta “animal food”
⚠️ᴱQ. matl n. “food”; see instead:
Q. matta “food”
⚠️ᴱQ. matso n. “food”; see instead:
Q. matta “food”
Q. matta n. “food”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nes (nest-) n. “food, feed, fodder”

5.13 to Drink

ᴺQ. !accasúcala adj. “over-drinking”
ᴺQ. !accasucië n. “over-drinking”
⚠️ᴱQ. soco- v. “to drink”; see instead:
ᴹQ. suc- “to drink [rapidly], *gulp, quaff”
⚠️ᴱQ. socto- v. “to give to drink, drench”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sohta- “to give to drink, drench”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sohta- v. “to give to drink, drench”
⚠️ᴱQ. soqu- v. “to drink”; see instead:
ᴹQ. suc- “to drink [rapidly], *gulp, quaff”
ᴹQ. suc- v. “to drink [rapidly], *gulp, quaff”
ᴹQ. suhto n. “draught, *a single act of drinking”
Q. yul- v. “to drink”
Q. yulda¹ n. “drink, draught, thing drunk; ⚠️cup”
Q. yulda² adj. “drunk”
Q. yúlima adj. “drinkable”
Q. yulmë n. “drinking, carousal”
ᴺQ. !yulmo n. “drinker”
Q. yuluitë (yuluiti-) adj. “drinking (as a habit), *aquatic”

5.14 Hunger

Q. maita adj. “hungry”
ᴺQ. !maitië n. “hunger”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saicë n. “hunger”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saicelë n. “famine”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saicelëa adj. “famished”
⚠️ᴱQ. saicelta- v. “to starve”; see instead:
ᴺQ. saitya- “to starve”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saiqua adj. “hungry”
⚠️ᴱQ. saita- v. “to be hungry (impersonal)”; see instead:
Q. maita “hungry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saitya- v. “to starve”

5.15 Thirst

⚠️ᴱQ. loimë n. “thirst”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !soicië “thirst”
ᴺQ. !soicië n. “thirst”

5.151 Thirsty

ᴹQ. fauca adj. “thirsty, parched, (lit.) open-mouthed”
⚠️ᴱQ. loimëa adj. “thirsty”; see instead:
Q. soica “thirsty”
ᴹQ. fauca “thirsty, parched, (lit.) open-mouthed”
⚠️ᴱQ. loirë (loiri-) adj. “thirsty”; see instead:
Q. soica “thirsty”
ᴹQ. fauca “thirsty, parched, (lit.) open-mouthed”
⚠️ᴱQ. loyo- v. “be thirsty (impers.)”; see instead:
Q. soica “thirsty”
Q. soica adj. “thirsty”

5.17 to Mix, Blend

ᴺQ. !hwinta- v. “to mix, stir; to confuse”
Q. #ostimë n. “blend”

5.21 to Cook

⚠️ᴺQ. !aptaina adj. “cooked, broiled”; see instead:
Q. apta- “to refuse, deny, say nay”
ᴺQ. maxa- “to cook”
ᴺQ. !carmen (carmend-) n. “recipe”
⚠️ᴱQ. maswa adj. “soft, cooked, ripe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] maxa- v. “to cook”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] maxar n. “cook”

5.24 to Bake

⚠️ᴱQ. mas- v. “to bake, cook”; see instead:
ᴹQ. masta- “to bake”
ᴹQ. masta- v. “to bake”
⚠️ᴱQ. torina adj. “baked, done”; see instead:
ᴹQ. masta- “to bake”
⚠️ᴱQ. toro- v. “to bake”; see instead:
ᴹQ. masta- “to bake”

5.25 Oven

⚠️ᴱQ. torma n. “oven”; see instead:
ᴺQ. urna “oven”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] urna n. “oven”
ᴺQ. !urpalda n. “stove plate”

5.26 Pot

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. calpa n. “water-vessel, bucket”
ᴹQ. tambë (tambi-) n. “pot”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tambin (tambind-) n. “cauldron”

5.28 Pan

ᴺQ. !sitwa [þ] n. “pan, fryer”

5.31 Dish

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] venë n. “dish, [eating] vessel, ⚠️small boat”

5.32 Plate

ᴺQ. !palda n. “plate, dish, platter”

5.33 Bowl

Q. nanwa² n. “(large) bowl”
⚠️ᴱQ. salpa n. “bowl”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tolpo “bowl”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tolpo n. “bowl”

5.34 Jug, Pitcher

ᴺQ. !helmolpë n. “wine-skin, (lit.) skin-bottle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] olpë n. “bottle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ulma n. “flagon, *pitcher”
⚠️ᴱQ. unquilla(r) n. “handle of jar; pothook”

5.35 Cup

Q. cilinyul (*cilinyulm-) n. “drinking-vessel (made of glass)”
ᴹQ. súlo (*súlu-) n. “goblet”
⚠️ᴹQ. sungwa n. “drinking-vessel”; see instead:
Q. yulma “cup, drinking vessel, drinking implement, ⚠️goblet”
Q. yulma n. “cup, drinking vessel, drinking implement, ⚠️goblet”
ᴺQ. !yulmon n. “chalice”

5.37 Spoon

ᴺQ. !calampa n. “spoon”

5.39 Fork

ᴺQ. !nelecco n. “fork, (lit.) three-thorn”

5.41 a Meal

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mat (matt-) n. “meal, [ᴱQ.] meal time; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] food”

5.42 Breakfast

ᴺQ. !arinwat n. “breakfast, (lit.) morning-meal”

5.43 Lunch

ᴺQ. !endemat (endematt-) n. “lunch, (lit.) mid-meal”

5.44 Dinner

ᴺQ. !héramat (héramatt-) n. “main course, (lit.) chief meal”
ᴺQ. !sinyemat [þ] n. “dinner, evening meal”

5.45 Supper

ᴹQ. ahtumat n. “supper, *(lit.) maker’s meal”

5.51 Bread

ᴺQ. !alapulúna adj. “unleavened, unfermented”
Q. coimas (*coimass-) n. “life-bread, lembas”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cornë n. “loaf”
Q. háva n. “[unleavened] bread (collective)”
Q. havar n. “a loaf or cake of [unleavened] bread”
⚠️Q. lerembas n. “bread taken on leaving home (for a long journey)”; see instead:
Q. coimas “life-bread, lembas”
Q. #massa n. “bread”
Q. massánië n. “Lady, breadgiver”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. masta n. “bread, cake, loaf, *baked good”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mastacornë n. “[bread] loaf”

5.52 Cake

⚠️ᴱQ. corma n. “cake, lump”; see instead:
Q. masta “bread, cake, loaf, *baked good”
Q. #corma “ring”
ᴺQ. !havarcë n. “cookie”
ᴺQ. !liscornë n. “any sweet fried bread, doughnut”
ᴺQ. !lissimbas (lissimbass-) n. “(sweet) cake (eaten as dessert)”

5.53 Dough

ᴺQ. !malda n. “pulp, paste, mash, mush”
⚠️ᴺQ. !malma² n. “pulp, paste, mash, mush; dough, grume”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !malda “pulp, paste, mash, mush”
ᴹQ. maxë¹ “dough”
ᴹQ. maxë¹ n. “dough”
ᴺQ. !pulmaxë n. “leaven(ing), *yeast”

5.54 to Knead

ᴺQ. !maxata- v. “to knead”

5.55 Meal, Flour

Q. mulë n. “meal, *grist, ground grains”
ᴺQ. !mulessë n. “porridge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mulma n. “fine flour”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. polë (poli-) n. “meal, grist, [ᴹQ.] flour, [ᴱQ.] oats, grain (unground kernels of oats, wheat, etc.)”; see instead:
Q. mulë “meal, *grist, ground grains”
⚠️ᴱQ. polessë n. “porridge”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mulessë “porridge”
ᴹQ. porë (pori-) n. “flour, ⚠️meal”

5.56 to Grind

⚠️ᴱQ. mard(a)- v. “to grind, pulverize”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mul- “to grind, *pulverize”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mul- v. “to grind, *pulverize”

5.57 Mill

⚠️ᴺQ. !mulmanen n. “mill”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mulmin “mill”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mulmar n. “miller”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mulmin n. “mill”
ᴺQ. !mulondo n. “millstone”

5.61 Meat

ᴹQ. apsa¹ n. “meat, cooked food”
ᴺQ. !celvamatya adj. “carnivorous, (lit.) animal-eating”
⚠️ᴱQ. coisimatwa adj. “carnivorous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !celvamatya “carnivorous, (lit.) animal-eating”
⚠️ᴹQ. maxë² n. “meat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. apsa¹ “meat, cooked food”
ᴹQ. maxë¹ “dough”
⚠️ᴱQ. mimbematwa adj. “carnivorous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !celvamatya “carnivorous, (lit.) animal-eating”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tarquin(a) n. and adj. “salt meat; salted, dried, *(orig.) preserved”

5.612 Butcher

ᴺQ. !celvacir n. “butcher”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cuimacir n. “butcher”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !celvacir “butcher”

5.614 Fat, Grease

Q. hlúvo (hlúvu-) adj. “greasy, fat”
ᴹQ. lar n. “fat, richness, ⚠️riches”
ᴹQ. lárëa adj. “fat, rich”
ᴹQ. larma n. “fat [as a substance], ⚠️(?pig-)fat, flesh”
ᴺQ. !larmëa adj. “fatty, fleshy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laru n. “grease, ⚠️fat”
⚠️ᴱQ. larucë adj. “fat, rich”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lárëa “fat, rich”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] larúva adj. “greasy”
⚠️ᴱQ. lisë (lihy-) n. “grease, butter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. laru “grease, ⚠️fat”
⚠️ᴱQ. lisiva adj. “greasy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. larúva “greasy”
⚠️ᴱQ. mangë¹ (mangi-) n. “grease”; see instead:
ᴺQ. laru “grease, ⚠️fat”
⚠️ᴱQ. piulë adj. “greasy, overfat; overfed, spoilt”; see instead:
ᴺQ. larúva “greasy”
⚠️ᴱQ. píwë n. “fatness, richness, goodness”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lar “fat, richness, ⚠️riches”
⚠️ᴱQ. silc(in)a adj. “rich, fat, glossy”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lárëa “fat, rich”
ᴺQ. oiwa “glossy”

5.64 Soup, Broth

ᴺQ. !salpa n. “broth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sulpa n. “soup”

5.65 Vegetables

ᴺQ. !cemellet (cemellept-) n. “asparagus, (lit.) earth-finger”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] colosta n. “cucumber”
ᴺQ. !laimamatta n. “vegetable food, (lit.) plant food”
ᴺQ. !laimamatya adj. “herbivorous, vegetarian, (lit.) plant-eating”
⚠️ᴱQ. lausimatl n. “vegetable food”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laimamatta “vegetable food, (lit.) plant food”
⚠️ᴱQ. lausimatwa adj. “vegetarian”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laimamatya “herbivorous, vegetarian, (lit.) plant-eating”
ᴺQ. !nastyapsul (nastyapsulc-) n. “turnip, (lit.) prickly/stingy/sharp tasting root”
Q. quëa n. “vegetable”
ᴺQ. !rassulca n. “carrot”

5.67 Pea

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mildë (mildi-) n. “pea”
⚠️ᴱQ. mildi coll. “pease”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mildë “pea”

5.68 Onion

ᴺQ. !linvainëa n. “onion, (lit.) many-sheathed”

5.69 Cabbage

⚠️ᴱQ. calar n. “lettuce”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^caras “lettuce”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^caras (caras-) n. “lettuce”

5.70 Potato

ᴺQ. !cemorva n. “potato, (lit.) earth-apple”

5.71 Fruit

⚠️ᴱQ. culmarin (culmarind-) n. “orange”; see instead:
ᴹQ. culuma “orange [fruit]”
ᴹQ. culuma n. “orange [fruit]”
⚠️ᴱQ. culurin n. “orange; piece of gold”; see instead:
ᴹQ. culuma “orange [fruit]”
ᴺQ. !culvelyávë n. “pumpkin”
ᴺQ. !laivelyávë n. “(water)melon”
ᴺQ. !malma¹ n. “lemon”
⚠️ᴱQ. marin n. “(ripe) fruit (of apple type)”
⚠️ᴱQ. marinnë n. “fruit tree”
ᴺQ. !velyávë n. “gourd, Cucurbitaceae, the gourd family”
ᴺQ. !venwa [w] n. “lime (fruit)”
⚠️ᴱQ. yáva n. “fruit, produce”; see instead:
Q. yávë “fruit”
Q., ᴹQ. yávë n. “fruit”
ᴺQ. !yávelóra adj. “fruitless”
ᴺQ. !yávinqua adj. “fruitful”

5.72 Apple

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] orva n. “apple”

5.74 Peach

ᴺQ. !tuorva n. “peach, (lit.) wool-apple”

5.75 Fig

ᴺQ. !relyávalda n. “fig-tree”
ᴺQ. !relyávë n. “fig”

5.76 Grape

ᴺQ. !mirupio n. “grape, (lit.) wine-berry”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tiuma n. “grape”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mirupio “grape, (lit.) wine-berry”

5.77 Nut

⚠️ᴱQ. cotë (cotsi-) n. “nut”
⚠️ᴱQ. cotsia adj. “nutty”
⚠️ᴱQ. cotsivoitë adj. “nut-bearing, nutty”
⚠️ᴱQ. cottulë n. “hazel”
Q. *pecco n. “nut”

5.78 Olive

ᴺQ. !milpialda n. “olive tree”
ᴺQ. !milpio n. “olive, (lit.) oily-berry”
ᴺQ. !piemillo n. “olive oil”

5.79 Oil

⚠️Q. ?elp- v. “to anoint”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !liv- “to anoint”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilma¹ n. “oil”; see instead:
ᴺQ. millo “oil”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilqua adj. “oily, smooth, glossy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !milla “oily”
ᴺQ. !milla adj. “oily”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] millo (millu-) n. “oil”
ᴺQ. !ondomillo (ondomillu-) n. “petrol, petroleum, gasoline, gas”

5.80 Berry

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aipio n. “cherry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] melpo n. “gooseberry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pio n. “berry, plum, cherry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] piopin n. “haws, fruit of hawthorns”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^piuca n. “blackberry”
⚠️ᴱQ. piucca n. “blackberry”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^piuca “blackberry”

5.81 Salt

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] singë (singi-) n. “salt”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] singwa adj. “salt, *salty”

5.84 Honey

⚠️ᴱQ. ilë n. “honey”; see instead:
Q. lís “honey, *sugar, sweetener”
Q., ᴹQ. lís (liss-) n. “honey, *sugar, sweetener”
⚠️Q. #melu n. “honey”; see instead:
Q. nehtë² “honey; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] honeycomb”
⚠️Q. melumatya adj. “honey-eating”; see instead:
Q. nehtë² “honey; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] honeycomb”
⚠️ᴱQ. nectë n. “honey”; see instead:
Q. nehtë² “honey; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] honeycomb”
⚠️ᴱQ. nectelë n. “honeycomb”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nehtelë “honeycomb”
Q., ᴹQ. nehtë² n. “honey; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] honeycomb”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nehtelë n. “honeycomb”

5.86 Milk

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ilimba adj. “milky”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ilin (ilim-) n. “milk”

5.88 Cheese

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyur- v. “to curdle (blood, milk, etc.), *congeal”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyur (tyurd-) n. “cheese”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tyurmë “cheese”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyurda adj. “curdled”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyurmë n. “cheese”

5.89 Butter

ᴺQ. !helquir (helquirm-) n. “ice cream”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] manya n. “butter”
⚠️ᴱQ. mingwë n. “butter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. manya “butter”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quirmë n. “cream”
⚠️ᴱQ. telpë² n. “butter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. manya “butter”
Q. telpë “silver; [ᴱQ.] money”
⚠️ᴱQ. úlë n. “butter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. manya “butter”

5.91 Mead

Q., ᴱQ. miruvórë n. “mead, nectar, special wine or cordial, drink of the Elves, ⚠️(lit.) precious juice, [ᴱQ.] sweet drink”

5.92 Wine

⚠️ᴱQ. io n. “wine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. miru “wine”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. limpë n. “wine, ⚠️drink of the Valar, [ᴱQ.] drink of the fairies, fairy-drink, elfwine”
ᴺQ. !limpevorma n. “wine-press”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] miru n. “wine”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mirúva adj. “like wine, winy”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulmë n. “a kind of wine”; see instead:
ᴹQ. limpë “wine, ⚠️drink of the Valar, [ᴱQ.] drink of the fairies, fairy-drink, elfwine”

5.93 Beer

ᴺQ. !hímë n. “beer”

5.94 Juice

⚠️ᴹQ. apsa² n. “juice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sáva “juice”
ᴹQ. apsa¹ “meat, cooked food”
⚠️ᴱQ. marc n. “ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, *sap”
⚠️ᴱQ. marqua adj. “oozy, juicy, moist”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !pirina “juicy, oozy”
⚠️ᴱQ. maru n. “pulp”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !malda “pulp, paste, mash, mush”
⚠️ᴱQ. pihyë n. “sap, juice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, *sap”
ᴺQ. !piohimma n. “jam, (lit.) berry-sticky-substance”
ᴺQ. !pirina adj. “juicy, oozy”
ᴹQ. pirya n. “juice, syrup, *sap”
⚠️ᴹQ. pitë n. “juice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, *sap”
⚠️ᴱQ. pulquë n. “juice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, *sap”
ᴹQ. sáva n. “juice”
⚠️ᴱQ. vasa n. “juice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sáva “juice”

5.999 Food (Other)

ᴺQ. !cacáva n. “cocoa”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] colucë n. “strainer”
ᴺQ. !epemat (epematt-) n. “dessert, (lit.) after-meal”
ᴺQ. !lissimat (lissimatt-) n. “dessert, (lit.) sweet-meal”
ᴺQ. !lissimatta n. “sweet, piece of confectionary”
ᴺQ. !nyasta n. “snack”
ᴺQ. !pitsa n. “pizza”
ᴺQ. !sinapio n. “mustard”
ᴺQ. !tyávelassë n. “spice, (lit.) taste-leaf”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyé n. “tea”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yullas “tea”
ᴺQ. !tyocolat n. “chocolate”
ᴺQ. !yullas (yullass-) n. “tea”

6. Clothing and Adornment

6.11 to Clothe, Dress

⚠️ᴺQ. !hap-² v. “to clothe, enfold”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vaita- “to enfold, [ᴱQ.] wrap”
ᴺQ. vaimata- “to [en]robe, *clothe; to get dressed, put on clothing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vaimata- v. “to [en]robe, *clothe; to get dressed, put on clothing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vaina² adj. “clad”

6.12 Clothes, Clothing

ᴺQ. !hampë n. “clothing, garment”
Q. #larma n. “raiment”

6.13 Tailor, Seamstress

Q. serindë [þ] n. “broideress, needlewoman, *seamstress”

6.21 Cloth

ᴹQ. lannë n. “tissue, cloth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lapil n. “swathe, flowing cloth”
ᴺQ. !parco n. “towel”
ᴹQ. talat n. “sheet”

6.22 Wool

⚠️ᴱQ. carpan n. “hank (of wool etc.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. öa n. “wool”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tó “wool”
⚠️ᴱQ. öallë n. “blanket”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^töallë “blanket”
⚠️ᴱQ. öara adj. “of wool”; see instead:
ᴹQ. töa “of wool, woollen”
ᴹQ. tó n. “wool”
⚠️ᴱQ. töa n. “wool”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tó “wool”
ᴹQ. töa adj. “of wool, woollen”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^töallë n. “blanket”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tuë n. “fleece”
⚠️ᴱQ. ue n. “fleece”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tuë “fleece”

6.23 Flax, Linen

ᴺQ. !pásë [þ] n. “linen”
ᴺQ. !páselannë [þ] n. “linen-cloth”
ᴺQ. !páselarma [þ] n. “linen-raiment”

6.25 Silk

ᴺQ. !quessamin (quessamind-) n. “velvet, (lit.) downy silk”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] samin (samind-) n. “silk”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saminda adj. “silken”

6.26 Lace

Q. raiwë n. “lace”

6.28 Fur

⚠️ᴱQ. fara n. “fur, fell”
ᴺQ. !helet (helets-) n. “fur, fur-coat”
⚠️ᴱQ. vórë (vóri-) n. “fur”
⚠️ᴱQ. vórina adj. “of fur”
⚠️ᴱQ. vóriva adj. “like fur”

6.29 Leather

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] alu n. “(dressed) leather”
ᴺQ. !alumo n. “leather-worker”
ᴹQ. latta² n. “strap”
⚠️ᴱQ. límen n. “thong, band”; see instead:
ᴹQ. latta² “strap”

6.31 to Spin

ᴹQ. hwinya- v. “to swirl, eddy, gyrate”
⚠️ᴱQ. piri- v. “to spin, turn”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quir- “to stir, make spin”
⚠️ᴱQ. pirpiri- v. “to twirl, twizzle”
⚠️ᴱQ. pirucë n. “swirl, twisting, pirouetting”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quirilda “twirling, pirouetting”
⚠️ᴱQ. pirúc(end)ëa adj. “pirouetting, whirling lightly”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quirilda “twirling, pirouetting”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quir- v. “to stir, make spin”
⚠️ᴱQ. quiri-¹ v. “to stir (make spin)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quir- “to stir, make spin”
ᴺQ. !quirilda adj. “twirling, pirouetting”
⚠️ᴱQ. werelinda adj. “twirling, pirouetting”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quirilda “twirling, pirouetting”

6.32 Spindle

⚠️ᴱQ. quindl n. “a spindle, top”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quiril “spindle; [spinning] top, *whirligig”
ᴺQ. !quiril n. “spindle; [spinning] top, *whirligig”
⚠️ᴱQ. werelin (werelind-) n. “whirligig”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quiril “spindle; [spinning] top, *whirligig”

6.33 to Weave

⚠️ᴱQ. #canga- v. “to weave, spin”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lanya- “to weave”
ᴹQ. lanat n. “weft, *woof”
ᴹQ. lanya- v. “to weave”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quint n. “loop, stitch (in knitting)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quit- v. “to knit”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quitima adj. “(for) knitting”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quitin adj. “knitted, joined tight”
⚠️ᴱQ. quity- v. “to knit”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quit- “to knit”
ᴺQ. !vírina adj. “woven”
⚠️Q. were- v. “to weave”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lanya- “to weave”
⚠️ᴱQ. winda n. “woof”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lanat “weft, *woof”
⚠️ᴱQ. wistë n. “weft”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lanat “weft, *woof”

6.34 Loom

ᴹQ. lanwa n. “loom”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tantal n. “shuttle”
⚠️ᴱQ. tantl n. “shuttle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tantal “shuttle”
⚠️ᴱQ. windelë n. “loom”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lanwa “loom”

6.35 to Sew

ᴺQ. !lanquit- v. “to darn a knitted garment, (lit.) cross/over-knit”
ᴺQ. !latter- v. “to darn a sewn garment, (lit.) cross/over-sew”
ᴺQ. !lilma n. “patch”
⚠️ᴱQ. neme- v. “to sew”; see instead:
Q. #ser- “*to sew”
Q. #ser- [þ] v. “*to sew”

6.36 Needle

ᴺQ. !leppa n. “thimble”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nelma n. “needle”

6.38 Thread

Q. ipsin n. “fine thread”
Q. #lanya n. “thread, warp”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lia n. “fine thread, spider filament; [ᴱQ.] twine, *wire”
⚠️ᴱQ. nemba n. “thread”; see instead:
Q. #lanya “thread, warp”

6.41 Cloak

⚠️ᴱQ. carapë n. “cloak, outer garment”
Q. collo n. “cloak”

6.412 Overcoat

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vaima n. “wrap, robe”

6.42 Woman’s Dress

ᴺQ. !hlappo n. “dress, (lit.) flying cloth”
ᴺQ. !perwaima n. “skirt, (lit.) half-robe”

6.43 Coat

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vacco n. “jacket, coat”

6.44 Shirt

ᴺQ. !laparotsë n. “sleeve, trouser leg, (lit.) wrap-tube”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laupë n. “tunic, shirt”
ᴺQ. !rotsenca n. “waistcoat, vest”

6.47 Apron

ᴺQ. !quiltalannë n. “apron”

6.48 Trousers

ᴺQ. !telcohan (telcohamp-) n. “trousers, pants, (lit.) leg-clothing”

6.51 Shoe

⚠️ᴱQ. hyapa n. “shoe”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hyapat “shoe”
ᴺQ. !hyapallë n. “slipper, (lit.) little shoe”
ᴹQ. hyapat n. “shoe”
ᴺQ. !tótal n. “sock, (lit.) wool-foot”

6.52 Boot

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] saipo n. “boot”

6.53 Slipper

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] patinca n. “slipper, ⚠️shoe”

6.55 Hat, Cap

ᴺQ. !cáralannë n. “bandana, kerchief, (lit.) head-cloth”
ᴺQ. !carpë n. “hat”
Q. ría n. “wreath, garland”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ríanta- v. “to crown, coronate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rínata- “to crown, coronate”
Q., ᴹQ. rië¹ n. “[ᴹQ.] crown, ⚠️[Q.] garland”
Q. ríma n. “fillet, snood, *headband, hairnet”
Q., ᴹQ. rína adj. “garlanded, crowned”
ᴺQ. !rínata- v. “to crown, coronate”
ᴺQ. !sarnunta [þ] n. “diadem”
⚠️ᴱQ. serin (serind-) n. “wreath, crown”; see instead:
Q. ría “wreath, garland”
Q. rië¹ “[ᴹQ.] crown, ⚠️[Q.] garland”
⚠️ᴱQ. táta n. “hat”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !carpë “hat”

6.57 Belt, Girdle

Q. #lesta n. “*girdle”
⚠️ᴱQ. qualta adj. “girdled, girt”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quiltaina “girdled, girt”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quilta n. “belt, ⚠️girdle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quilta- v. “to gird, encircle”
ᴺQ. !quiltaina adj. “girdled, girt”
⚠️ᴱQ. quilti- v. “to gird, encircle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quilta- “to gird, encircle”

6.58 Glove

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mantal n. “glove”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mantelë n. “gauntlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. mantl n. “glove”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mantal “glove”

6.62 Button

ᴺQ. !cortangwa n. “button, (lit.) circle-fastener”

6.63 Pin, Brooch

⚠️ᴱQ. piec (piecc-) n. “pin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. pirin “thin rod, pin”
⚠️ᴱQ. piexin n. “brooch”; see instead:
Q. tancal(a) “brooch, ⚠️clasp, [ᴹQ.] fastener, pin”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pirin (pirind-) n. “thin rod, pin”
Q. tancal(a) n. “brooch, ⚠️clasp, [ᴹQ.] fastener, pin”
⚠️ᴹQ. tancil n. “brooch, clasp, pin; fastener”; see instead:
Q. tancal(a) “brooch, ⚠️clasp, [ᴹQ.] fastener, pin”
ᴹQ. tangwa n. “hasp, clasp, *fastener”

6.71 Adornment (personal)

Q. carrëa n. “tressure, *headdress”
Q. netil n. “trinket, small thing of personal adornment”
Q. netya- v. “to trim, adorn”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quilin adj. “adorned; (orig.) bright-coloured, *embellished; ⚠️embroidered”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quilinoitë adj. “[em]broidered”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quiltassë n. “(em)broidery”

6.72 Gem, Jewel

ᴺQ. !culmírë n. “sardius, carneol [carnelian], (lit.) orange-jewel”
ᴺQ. !ëarsil n. “pearl, (lit.) sea-sheen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ëassar (ëassarn-) n. “pearl, (lit.) sea-pebble/stone”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ëarsil “pearl, (lit.) sea-sheen”
ᴺQ. !falmaril n. “aquamarine, (lit.) wave-crystal”
ᴺQ. !fanorcarnë n. “sardonyx”
ᴺQ. !helissar n. “amethyst”
ᴺQ. !inwissar (inwissarn-) n. “opal, (lit.) mood-change stone”
ᴺQ. !laicelumir (laicelumír-) n. “malachite (lit.) green-flowing-jewel”
ᴺQ. !lailinquë n. “beryllium, (lit.) fresh-liquid light”
ᴺQ. !laimaril n. “emerald”
⚠️ᴺQ. !laiquaril n. “emerald”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laimaril “emerald”
ᴺQ. !linquemir n. “hyacinth [jewel]”
ᴺQ. !lómaril n. “jade”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^luilë n. “sapphire, blue stone”
ᴺQ. !luinion (luiniond-) n. “lapis lazuli, (lit.) blue-rock”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúlë n. “blue stone, sapphire”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^luilë “sapphire, blue stone”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúlëa adj. “sapphirine”
ᴺQ. !malatsar (malatsarn-) n. “chrysolite”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] malicon (malicond-) n. “amber”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] malicondëa adj. “of amber”
⚠️ᴱQ. marilla n. “pearl”; see instead:
ᴹQ. maril “crystal, ⚠️glass”
ᴺQ. !ëarsil “pearl, (lit.) sea-sheen”
Q., ᴹQ. mírë (míri-) n. and adj. “jewel, gem, precious thing, treasure; precious”
Q. mírëa adj. “jewelled, *gemmed”
ᴹQ. miril (mirill-) n. “shining jewel”
ᴺQ. !mirmairë n. “jewelry, (lit.) jewel-art”
⚠️ᴺQ. !mirumírë n. “amethyst, (lit.) wine-jewel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !helissar “amethyst”
ᴺQ. !nambírë n. “jasper”
⚠️ᴱQ. nindon (nindond-) n. “lapis lazuli”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !luinion “lapis lazuli, (lit.) blue-rock”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyelecca n. “onyx”
ᴺQ. !omírë n. “jewelry (collectively)”
ᴺQ. !orvamir n. “chrysoprase, (lit.) apple-jewel”
ᴺQ. !ostimmir n. “agate, (lit.) blend-jewel”
ᴺQ. !runyaril (runyarill-) n. “garnet, (lit.) fiery red radiance”
ᴺQ. !sardanar (sardanár-) n. “corundum, (lit.) hard sun”
ᴺQ. !serciril (sercirill-) n. “ruby, (lit.) blood-glitter”
ᴺQ. !sinilë n. “topaz”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinquë n. “jewel, gem”; see instead:
Q. mírë “jewel, gem, precious thing, treasure; precious”
ᴺQ. ^sincë “mineral [as in any solid inorganic substance], ⚠️gem, metal”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinque?? adj. “sparkle as with gems”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinquevoitë adj. “gemmed”; see instead:
Q. mírëa “jewelled, *gemmed”
ᴺQ. !tinwírë n. “diamond, (lit.) sparkling gem”

6.73 Finger Ring

⚠️ᴹQ. colma n. “ring (?on finger)”; see instead:
Q. #corma “ring”
Q. #corma n. “ring”
⚠️Q. #millë n. “?ring”; see instead:
Q. #corma “ring”

6.75 Necklace

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] firinga n. “necklace, carcanet”

6.91 Comb

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pequ- v. “to comb, card wool, tease”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pequen n. “comb”

6.94 Ointment

ᴹQ. laivë n. “ointment”
ᴺQ. !liv- v. “to anoint”
⚠️ᴱQ. oinalis (oinaliss-) n. “ointment”; see instead:
ᴹQ. laivë “ointment”
⚠️ᴱQ. oinë n. “unguent”; see instead:
ᴹQ. laivë “ointment”

6.95 Soap

ᴹQ. lipsa n. “soap”
ᴺQ. !lipsanë n. “lather”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽poimë (poimi-) n. “soap”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lipsa “soap”
⚠️ᴱQ. poiminë n. “lather, foam; mermaid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lipsanë “lather”

6.96 Mirror

Q. angal n. “mirror, *reflective surface”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ceniril(lë) n. “mirror”; see instead:
Q. cilintilla “looking-glass, *mirror”
Q. cilintilla n. “looking-glass, *mirror”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nalma [ñ-] n. “reflector, mirror”; see instead:
Q. angal “mirror, *reflective surface”

6.999 Adornment (other)

⚠️ᴹQ. atsa² n. “tassel, fryse, fringe”; see instead:
ᴹQ. fas “fringe, [ᴱQ.] tassel; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] border”
⚠️ᴱQ. enyarin n. “device, escutcheon, blazon”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^indyarin “device, escutcheon, blazon”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. fas (fass-) n. “fringe, [ᴱQ.] tassel; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] border”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^fassalë n. “(tasseled) fringe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^fassitë adj. “tasseled”
⚠️ᴱQ. fatsalë n. “(tasseled) fringe”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^fassalë “(tasseled) fringe”
⚠️ᴱQ. fatsevoitë adj. “tasseled”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^fassitë “tasseled”
ᴺQ. !hlapil n. “flag”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^indyarin n. “device, escutcheon, blazon”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pimpilin n. “tassel, hanging tail”
ᴺQ. !tarolwen n. “sceptre, (lit.) royal branch”

7. Dwelling and Furniture

7.11 to Live, Dwell

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laulema adj. “inhabiting”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] laulemo n. “inhabitant”
⚠️ᴱQ. manda- v. “to dwell, remain”; see instead:
Q. mar- “to abide, be settled or fixed, [ᴱQ.] dwell, live”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mar- v. “to abide, be settled or fixed, [ᴱQ.] dwell, live”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mardo n. “dweller”
ᴺQ. !marindo n. “settler”
ᴺQ. !marya- v. “to found, establish, settle (as dwelling)”
⚠️ᴱQ. wasta- v. “to dwell”; see instead:
Q. mar- “to abide, be settled or fixed, [ᴱQ.] dwell, live”

7.12 House

ᴹQ. car¹ (card-) n. “building, house”
Q. cöa n. “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body”
ᴺQ. !cöantur n. “householder, master of the house”
⚠️ᴱQ. indo n. “house”; see instead:
Q. mar(da) “dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, ⚠️home; [ᴱQ.] world”
Q. indo “(state of) mind, (inner) thought, mood; will, resolve; [ᴹQ.] heart”
⚠️ᴱQ. indolis n. “domicile”
⚠️ᴱQ. indor n. “master of house”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cöantur “householder, master of the house”
⚠️ᴱQ. indositsina adj. “domestic(ated)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mardaitë “homely, domestic”
Q., ᴱQ. mar(da) (mard-) n. “dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, ⚠️home; [ᴱQ.] world”
Q. martan (martam-) n. “dwelling-house”
Q. oromar (oromard-) n. “lofty hall, high-mansion, high (lofty) dwelling”
⚠️ᴱQ. os (ost-) n. “cottage, house”; see instead:
Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body”
⚠️ᴱQ. san² (samb-) n. “hall, dwelling, house”; see instead:
Q. mar(da) “dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, ⚠️home; [ᴱQ.] world”

7.122 Home

ᴺQ. !avamarwa adj. “homeless”
⚠️ᴱQ. caimë n. “dwelling, home”; see instead:
Q. már “home, dwelling, habitation; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] house; earth”
⚠️ᴱQ. indoitë adj. “indoors, at home, homely, domestic”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mardaitë “homely, domestic”
ᴺQ. maryë “at home, *indoors”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. már (mar-) n. “home, dwelling, habitation; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] house; earth”
ᴺQ. !maraina adj. “native, of home”
ᴺQ. !mardaitë adj. “homely, domestic”
ᴹQ. mar(dar) adv. “homewards”
⚠️ᴹQ. marrë adv. “at home”; see instead:
ᴺQ. maryë “at home, *indoors”
ᴺQ. !marrum- v. “to move = change residence”
⚠️ᴹQ. marta² adv. “home”; see instead:
Q. mar(da) “dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, ⚠️home; [ᴱQ.] world”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] maryë adv. “at home, *indoors”
Q. mélamar n. “(emotional) home”
⚠️ᴱQ. osta n. “homestead”

7.14 Tent

ᴺQ. !estolië n. “camp”
ᴺQ. !lancöa n. “tent, (lit.) cloth shelter”

7.15 Yard, Court

ᴺQ. !lietarwa n. “park, (lit.) people-garden”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] palis (palist-) n. “sward, green, lawn”
⚠️ᴺQ. !paswa n. “sward”; see instead:
ᴺQ. palis “sward, green, lawn”

7.21 Room

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. caimasan (caimasamb-) [þ] n. “bedchamber”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sambë [þ] n. “room, chamber”
ᴺQ. !sambesta [þ] n. “flat, apartment”
Q. solma² n. “[main or entry] hall, chamber”

7.22 Door, Gate

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ando n. “gate, [great] door; †entrances, approaches”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. andon (andond-) n. “great gate, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] door, gate”
ᴺQ. !andosan (andosamb-) [þ] n. “vestibule, (lit.) gate room”
ᴹQ. fenda n. “threshold”
ᴺQ. !fendassë n. “doorway, gateway”
Q. fendë n. “door”
ᴺQ. !fennatir n. “door-watcher”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lat (latt-) n. “flap, small hinged door, lid”
⚠️ᴱQ. pondo n. “gate”; see instead:
Q. ando “gate, [great] door; †entrances, approaches”
⚠️ᴱQ. posta n. “door”; see instead:
Q. fendë “door”
⚠️ᴱQ. #tarnon n. “door”; see instead:
Q. fendë “door”
Q. ando “gate, [great] door; †entrances, approaches”

7.24 Key

ᴺQ. !latil n. “key”
⚠️ᴺQ. !patil n. “key”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !latil “key”

7.25 Window

⚠️ᴺQ. !hendelë n. “window”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lattin “window”
⚠️ᴺQ. !henet (henets-) n. “window”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lattin “window”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lattin n. “window”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lattinsámo [þ] n. “shutter, (lit.) window-barrier”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lattinsan “shutter, (lit.) window-barrier”
ᴺQ. !lattinsan (lattinsam-) [þ] n. “shutter, (lit.) window-barrier”

7.26 Floor

ᴺQ. !ettalan n. “balcony”
Q., ᴹQ. talan (talam-) n. “flat space, platform; [ᴹQ.] floor, ⚠️ground”
⚠️Q. talma² n. “flat space, platform”; see instead:
Q. talan “flat space, platform; [ᴹQ.] floor, ⚠️ground”

7.27 Wall

⚠️ᴱQ. ossa n. “wall and moat”
Q., ᴹQ. ramba n. “wall”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sámo [þ] n. “bar, barrier”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !san “bar, barrier”
Q. *sámo “helper”
ᴺQ. !san (sam-) [þ] n. “bar, barrier”

7.28 Roof

ᴹQ. coromindo n. “cupola, dome”
⚠️ᴱQ. tel (teld-) n. “roof”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tópa “roof”
⚠️ᴱQ. telda adj. “having a roof”; see instead:
Q. telda “last, final”
⚠️ᴱQ. telëa adj. “*roofed”
⚠️ᴱQ. telimbo n. “canopy; sky”; see instead:
Q. telumë “roof, canopy, [ᴹQ.] vault, dome (of heaven); [Q.] heaven, sky, [ᴱQ.] firmament”
⚠️ᴱQ. telintulë (telintuli-) adj. “bearing a roof, roofed”
Q. telluma n. “dome, cupola, vault”
⚠️ᴱQ. teltassë n. “awning”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. telumë n. “roof, canopy, [ᴹQ.] vault, dome (of heaven); [Q.] heaven, sky, [ᴱQ.] firmament”
ᴹQ. telumet (telumett-) n. “canopy”
ᴹQ. tópa n. “roof”
ᴹQ. tópa- v. “to roof”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] túpelë n. “roofing, tiles, ⚠️roof”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tupin adj. “roofed, having a lid, having hat on”
ᴹQ. tupsë n. “thatch”

7.29 House (other)

ᴹQ. ampano n. “building (especially of wood), wooden hall, construction, edifice”
ᴺQ. !angamendar (angamendár-) n. “train station, (lit.) iron way-stop”
⚠️ᴺQ. !arcöa n. “palace, (lit.) noble-house”; see instead:
ᴺQ. túrion “palace”
ᴹQ. ataquë n. “construction, building”
ᴺQ. !aucelië n. “sewer, (lit.) away-flowing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !autamar (autamard-) n. “museum, (lit.) hall of the past”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vanwiémar “museum, (lit.) hall of the past”
⚠️ᴺQ. !combemen n. “museum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vanwiémar “museum, (lit.) hall of the past”
ᴺQ. !látacar (látacard-) n. “pub, public house, (lit.) open-house”
ᴺQ. !mendar (mendár-) n. “station, (lit.) way-stop”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] túrion (túriond-) n. “palace”
ᴺQ. !vanwiémar (vanwiemard-) n. “museum, (lit.) hall of the past”

7.31 Hearth, Fireplace

⚠️ᴱQ. arin n. “hearth”; see instead:
Q. ruimen “fireplace, hearth”
⚠️ᴱQ. arinya adj. “fireside”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ruimenya “fireside, by the fire”
ᴹQ. arinya “morning, early”
⚠️ᴱQ. purin (purind-) n. “hearth”; see instead:
Q. ruimen “fireplace, hearth”
Q. ruimen n. “fireplace, hearth”
ᴺQ. !ruimenya adj. “fireside, by the fire”

7.32 Stove

ᴺQ. !mastasan (mastasamb-) [þ] n. “kitchen”

7.412 Furniture (other)

⚠️ᴱQ. anc (anqu-) n. “loop, handle, ring”
ᴹQ. farma n. “?carpet”
ᴺQ. !hauro n. “wardrobe, cupboard, piece of furniture used for storing”
ᴺQ. !náreluhtyuma n. “fire extinguisher”
ᴺQ. !palusta n. “shelf, bookshelf”
Q. rantala n. “ladder”
ᴺQ. !ringihauro n. “refridgerator, (lit.) chill cupboard”
ᴺQ. !sarassë [þ] n. “hassock, footstool”
ᴺQ. !senda [þ] n. “bracket, (lit.) that what cramps, confines”
Q. tolma n. “knob, (short rounded) handle, protuberance contrived to serve a purpose”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolos (toloss-) n. “knob, lump”; see instead:
Q. tolma “knob, (short rounded) handle, protuberance contrived to serve a purpose”
Q. tyellë n. “grade, step (in a stairway or ladder), ⚠️order”
ᴺQ. !tyellesta n. “staircase, ⚠️ladder”

7.42 Bed

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. caima n. “bed, [ᴱQ.] couch”
⚠️ᴱQ. camba n. “bed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. caima “bed, [ᴱQ.] couch”
ᴺQ. !mustalan (mustalam-) n. “mattress, (lit.) soft flat space”
ᴹQ. nirwa n. “bolster, cushion”
ᴹQ. quesset (*quessec-) n. “pillow”

7.43 Chair

⚠️ᴹQ. hamma n. “chair”; see instead:
Q. hanwa “seat, *chair”
⚠️ᴹQ. handa² n. “chair”; see instead:
Q. hanwa “seat, *chair”
Q. hanwa n. “seat, *chair”
Q. mahalma n. “throne”
⚠️ᴱQ. sonda n. “seat, chair”; see instead:
Q. hanwa “seat, *chair”
⚠️ᴱQ. sóra¹ n. “seat”; see instead:
Q. hanwa “seat, *chair”
⚠️ᴱQ. sorin (sorind-) n. “throne”; see instead:
Q. tarhanwa “throne, (lit.) high seat”
Q. tarhanwa n. “throne, (lit.) high seat”
⚠️ᴱQ. tult (tulp-) n. “leg of chair, etc.”; see instead:
Q. telco “leg; stem”

7.44 Table

⚠️ᴱQ. palasar (palasard-) n. “great table”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^paluhta “table”
⚠️ᴱQ. palucta n. “table”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^paluhta “table”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^paluhta n. “table”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarno n. “table”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^paluhta “table”

7.45 Lamp

Q. calar n. “lamp”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. calma n. “lamp, (device for shining) light, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] candle; (day)light”
Q. calmatan n. “lampwright”
ᴺQ. !calmatarma n. “lampstand”
⚠️ᴱQ. calumë n. “an (artificial) light”; see instead:
Q. calma “lamp, (device for shining) light, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] candle; (day)light”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. calumet (calumett-) n. “lamp”; see instead:
Q. calma “lamp, (device for shining) light, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] candle; (day)light”

7.46 Candle

⚠️ᴱQ. catinca n. “candle”; see instead:
Q. lícuma “taper, candle”
Q. líco (lícu-) n. “wax”
Q. lícuma n. “taper, candle”
ᴺQ. !lihta n. “seal”
ᴺQ. !lihta- v. “to seal”
ᴺQ. !lihtaina adj. “sealed”
Q. loicolícuma n. “corpse-candle”
⚠️ᴱQ. neitë n. “wax”; see instead:
Q. líco “wax”
ᴺQ. !urulanya n. “wick, (lit.) fire-thread”

8. Agriculture and Vegetation

8.11 Farmer

ᴺQ. !alamo n. “cultivator, grower”
ᴺQ. !cemendur n. “farmer”

8.12 Field for Cultivation

⚠️ᴱQ. arwa n. “field”; see instead:
Q. resta “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair”
⚠️ᴱQ. milnar(wa) n. “sown field”; see instead:
Q. resta “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. peler n. “fenced field, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] fence”
⚠️ᴱQ. pelto n. “hedge, hedged field”; see instead:
ᴹQ. peler “fenced field, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] fence”
Q., ᴹQ. resta n. “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair”

8.13 Garden, Orchard

⚠️ᴱQ. laucien (lauciend-) n. “vegetable or kitchen garden”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quëatarwa “vegetable or kitchen garden”
ᴺQ., ᴱQ. !lotarwa n. “[flower] garden”
ᴺQ. !quëatarwa n. “vegetable or kitchen garden”
⚠️ᴺQ. !santa n. “garden, field, yard; apportioned/designated space”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tarwa “garden, enclosure”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tarwa n. “garden, enclosure”
ᴺQ. !tarwandur n. “gardener”

8.14 Barn

ᴺQ. !salquecolca n. “manger, (lit.) grass-box”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tumpo n. “shed, barn”

8.212 Furrow

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ríma n. “line of seeds planted, row, series, furrow”

8.22 to Dig, Delve

⚠️ᴱQ. cava- v. “to dig”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sap- “to dig”
Q. felehta- v. “*to excavate, tunnel, mine”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rosta- v. “to hollow out, excavate”; see instead:
Q. felehta- “*to excavate, tunnel, mine”
ᴺQ. !rot- v. “to delve, excavate, dig”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sap- v. “to dig”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sappa adj. “hollow, dug-out, excavated”
⚠️ᴱQ. satwa adj. “hollow, dug-out, excavated”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sappa “hollow, dug-out, excavated”

8.23 Spade

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sampa n. “spade, *shovel”

8.29 Blade, Share

⚠️ᴱQ. hyanda¹ n. “blade, share”; see instead:
Q. #hyando “cleaver, [ᴹQ.] hewer (sword)”
Q. maica² n. “blade of a cutting tool or weapon (especially sword-blade)”
⚠️ᴱQ. taila n. “(axe) blade”; see instead:
Q. maica² “blade of a cutting tool or weapon (especially sword-blade)”
⚠️ᴱQ. valcë (valci-) n. “edge, sharp blade”; see instead:
Q. maica² “blade of a cutting tool or weapon (especially sword-blade)”

8.30 Plough

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyar n. “plough”

8.31 to Sow; Seed

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ala-¹ v. “to grow (of plants) [intr. and trans.], plant; *to thrive, flourish (of other creatures)”
ᴹQ. erdë¹ n. “seed, germ”
ᴺQ. !erdevainë n. “seed pod, peapod”
⚠️ᴱQ. milë (mili-) n. “seed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. erdë¹ “seed, germ”
⚠️ᴱQ. milin n. “grain of seed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ori “grain, ⚠️seed”
⚠️ᴱQ. orë (ori-) n. “seed, grain”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ori “grain, ⚠️seed”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^ori n. “grain, ⚠️seed”
⚠️ᴱQ. orivainë n. “pod, seed pod, pea; peapod (a boat)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !erdevainë “seed pod, peapod”
⚠️ᴱQ. orya- v. “to sow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #rer- “to sow”
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽polu n. “kernel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^poru “kernel”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^poru n. “kernel”
⚠️ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^rel- v. “to sow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #rer- “to sow”
ᴹQ. #rer- v. “to sow”
ᴺQ. !rerindo n. “sower”
⚠️ᴱQ. rista- v. “to plant”; see instead:
Q. ala-¹ “to grow (of plants) [intr. and trans.], plant; *to thrive, flourish (of other creatures)”
ᴹQ. rista- “to cut”
⚠️ᴱQ. ristalë n. “sowing time”
⚠️ᴱQ. ristar n. “sower”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rerindo “sower”

8.32 to Mow, Reap

⚠️ᴺQ. !cer- v. “reap”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cirihta- “to reap, harvest”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cerihtando n. “reaper”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cirihtor “reaper”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilc- v. “to gather, reap”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cirihta- “to reap, harvest”
ᴺQ. !cirihta- v. “to reap, harvest”
ᴺQ. !cirihtor n. “reaper”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^salca- n. “to mow, scythe, mow down”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^salcima adj. “ready for cutting, *harvestable”
⚠️ᴱQ. silci- v. “to mow, scythe, mow down”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^salca- “to mow, scythe, mow down”
⚠️ᴱQ. silcima adj. “ready for cutting”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^salcima “ready for cutting, *harvestable”

8.33 Scythe, Sickle

⚠️ᴱQ. calca n. “sickle”; see instead:
Q. circa “sickle”
Q., ᴹQ. circa n. “sickle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] salca n. “scythe”

8.41 Crop, Harvest

⚠️ᴺQ. !cermië n. “harvest”; see instead:
Q. yávië “autumn, harvest [time or act]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^salcessë n. “harvest [product], *produce”
⚠️ᴱQ. silcessë n. “harvest”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^salcessë “harvest [product], *produce”
⚠️ᴱQ. toquo- v. “to yield, give, bear, bring forth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. yav- “to bear (fruit), *yield, bring forth, produce”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] yausta n. “crop”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] yav- v. “to bear (fruit), *yield, bring forth, produce”
⚠️ᴱQ. yávan n. “harvest, autumn”; see instead:
Q. yávië “autumn, harvest [time or act]”
Q. yávië n. “autumn, harvest [time or act]”

8.42 Grain (generic, British Corn)

ᴺQ. !máhis n. “maize, either sweet corn or field corn”
ᴺQ. !ospor n. “chaff”
ᴺQ. !porisalquë n. “corn, (lit.) flour-grass”

8.44 Barley

ᴺQ. !findori n. “barley”

8.46 Oats

⚠️ᴱQ. polenta n. “oatmeal”
⚠️ᴱQ. polina adj. “oaten”

8.51 Grass

⚠️ᴱQ. fen (feng-) n. “reed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. liscë “reed, [ᴱQ.] sedge”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. liscë n. “reed, [ᴱQ.] sedge”
ᴹQ. rí n. “reed, grass-stem”
⚠️ᴱQ. salci n. “grass”; see instead:
ᴹQ. salquë “grass, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] long mowing grass”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. salquë n. “grass, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] long mowing grass”
ᴹQ. sara [þ] n. “stiff dry grass, bent [as a type of grass]”
Q. súriquessë n. “species of grass, (lit.) wind feather”

8.52 Hay

⚠️ᴱQ. nessë n. “(green) fodder, herb, grass”

8.53 Plant, Herb

Q. laima n. “plant”
Q. laiquë n. “herb”
⚠️ᴱQ. laucë (lauci-) n. “vegetable, plant (species)”; see instead:
Q. quëa “vegetable”
Q. laima “plant”
⚠️ᴱQ. lautë (lausi-) n. “living thing, (esp.) vegetable”; see instead:
Q. quëa “vegetable”
Q. laima “plant”
Q. #olva n. “plant, growing things with roots in the earth”

8.54 Root

⚠️ᴱQ. mólë n. “root”; see instead:
Q. sundo “base, root, [ᴹQ.] root-word”
ᴹQ. sulca “root (especially as edible)”
ᴺQ. mólë “labour, *work”
ᴹQ. sulca n. “root (especially as edible)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarca n. “root”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sulca “root (especially as edible)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarcelë n. “great system of roots”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sulca “root (especially as edible)”
ᴹQ. turut (turuc-) n. “tree-stem, *tree-trunk”

8.55 Branch

ᴺQ. !nessornë n. “sapling”
Q. olba n. “branch”
⚠️ᴹQ. olwa n. “branch”; see instead:
Q. olba “branch”
⚠️ᴱQ. olwe(n) n. “branch, wand, stick”; see instead:
Q. olba “branch”
⚠️ᴱQ. rista n. “shoot (sowing), plant, seedling”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tuista “twig, shoot, ⚠️sprout, spray”
ᴹQ. rista “cut”
⚠️ᴱQ. siripta n. “slender stem”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sirpë “stalk, slender tube, ⚠️stem”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sirpë [þ] n. “stalk, slender tube, ⚠️stem”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tuista n. “twig, shoot, ⚠️sprout, spray”

8.56 Leaf

⚠️ᴹQ. farnë n. “foliage”; see instead:
Q. farnë “ash, rowan; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] foliage”
Q. olass(i)ë “foliage, collection of leaves”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lassë n. “leaf; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] petal”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lassëa adj. “with leaves, leafy”
ᴹQ. lassecanta adj. “leaf-shaped”
Q. lillassëa adj. “having many leaves”
ᴺQ. !lótelas (lótelass-) n. “petal, (lit.) flower-leaf”
Q. olass(i)ë n. “foliage, collection of leaves”
⚠️ᴱQ. pat (papt-) n. “small leaf”; see instead:
Q. lassë “leaf; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] petal”

8.565 Thorn

⚠️ᴱQ. eccë (ecci-) n. “thorn”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ecco “spine, thorn, point”
⚠️ᴱQ. eccia adj. “thorny”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^eccoia “thorny”
ᴹQ. ecco n. “spine, thorn, point”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^eccoia adj. “thorny”
⚠️ᴱQ. ehta¹ n. “thorn”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ecco “spine, thorn, point”
ᴹQ. erca n. “prickle, spine”
Q. necel n. “thorn”

8.57 Flower

⚠️Q. alma n. “flower”; see instead:
Q. lótë “flower, single blossom; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] bloom”
Q. lilótëa adj. “having many flowers”
⚠️ᴹQ. lilótimë adj. “*many-flowered”; see instead:
Q. lilótëa “having many flowers”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lossë² n. “[ᴹQ.] (white) blossom, flower, [ᴱQ.] (white) flower; [Q.] inflorescence (of white flowers); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] rose”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lótë n. “flower, single blossom; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] bloom”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lotella n. “floret”
⚠️ᴱQ. lótequilna adj. “broidered with flowers”
Q. lotsë n. “small (single) flower”
⚠️ᴱQ. meril n. “flower”; see instead:
Q. lótë “flower, single blossom; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] bloom”
ᴺQ. !merillë “rose”
⚠️ᴱQ. tetl n. “small flower”; see instead:
Q. lotsë “small (single) flower”

8.571 Bloom

⚠️Q. alalmë n. “inflorescence”; see instead:
Q. lós “inflorescence, mass of flowers”
⚠️ᴱQ. loctë (loxi-) n. “blossom (of flowers), (flower) cluster, bunch”; see instead:
Q. olos¹ “inflorescence, mass of flowers”
Q. lós [þ] n. “inflorescence, mass of flowers”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lótëa adj. “full of blossom, *blooming, flowering”
⚠️ᴱQ. lotórë n. “blooming, flowering, best time, flower”
Q. olos¹ (olós-) [þ] n. “inflorescence, mass of flowers”
Q. olótë n. “bloom, the flowers collectively of a single plant”
⚠️ᴺQ. !olotsë n. “collection of flowers”; see instead:
Q. olos¹ “inflorescence, mass of flowers”
⚠️ᴱQ. tettelë n. “burgeoning, efflorescence”; see instead:
Q. lós “inflorescence, mass of flowers”

8.572 to Sprout, Bud, Blossom

⚠️ᴱQ. locta- v. “to sprout, bud, put forth leaves or flowers”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tuilu- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”
Q. losta- v. “to bloom, *blossom”
⚠️ᴱQ. lóto- v. “to bloom”; see instead:
Q. losta- “to bloom, *blossom”
⚠️ᴱQ. tetsë n. “bud”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tuima “sprout, bud”
ᴹQ. tuia- v. “to sprout, spring”
ᴹQ. tuilu- v. “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”
ᴹQ. tuima n. “sprout, bud”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuita- v. “to bud, burst, burgeon, grow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tuilu- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”

8.575 Lily

⚠️ᴱQ. ailinon n. “water lily”; see instead:
Q. indil “lily, other large single flower”
ᴺQ. !iasintë n. “hyacinth”
Q. indil n. “lily, other large single flower”
Q. linquë¹ n. “(leaf of a) hyacinth, *grass or grass-like leaf”
⚠️ᴱQ. narwë¹ n. “(sweet) lily”; see instead:
Q. indil “lily, other large single flower”
⚠️ᴱQ. nénu n. “yellow water lily”; see instead:
Q. indil “lily, other large single flower”
⚠️ᴱQ. nénuvar n. “pool of lilies”
⚠️ᴱQ. quiquilla n. “Lily of the Valley”; see instead:
Q. indil “lily, other large single flower”

8.58 Rose

⚠️ᴱQ. campilossë n. “wild-rose”
⚠️ᴱQ. campin n. “hips, (wild-rose) berries”
⚠️ᴱQ. losillë n. “rose”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !merillë “rose”
ᴺQ. !merillë n. “rose”

8.59 Violet

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] helin n. “pansy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] helinillë n. “violet [flower]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] helinillëa n. “*violet [colour]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] helinwa n. “of pansies; (of colour) a blue-violet”

8.599 Flower (other)

ᴺQ. !aurehen (aurehend-) n. “dandelion, (lit.) day-eye”
⚠️ᴱQ. camillo n. “large poppy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lórelot “poppy, *(lit.) flower of sleep”
⚠️ᴱQ. camilot n. “red clover”
⚠️ᴱQ. cancale-malina n. “daffodil, (lit.) yellow laughter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lalië-malina “daffodil, (lit.) yellow laughter”
ᴺQ. !carpalos [þ] n. “tulip, (lit.) hat-flower”
ᴺQ. !elanar n. “pimpernel, (lit.) sun-star”
⚠️ᴱQ. fumella n. “(red) poppy, *(lit.) flower of sleep”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lórelot “poppy, *(lit.) flower of sleep”
ᴺQ. !hondacil n. “belladonna, (lit.) heartsbane”
ᴺQ. !lairemírë n. “daisy, (lit.) meadow-jewel *(or summer-jewel)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lalië-malina n. “daffodil, (lit.) yellow laughter”
Q., ᴹQ. lávar n. “(golden) blossom”
ᴺQ. !lórelot n. “poppy, *(lit.) flower of sleep”
ᴺQ. !luinyellë n. “bluebell”
ᴺQ. !macilindil n. “gladiolus, (lit.) sword lily”
ᴹQ. malo¹ (malu-) n. “pollen, yellow powder”
ᴺQ. !maltalos [þ] n. “buttercup (lit.) flower of gold”
Q. menelluin n. “cornflower (colour), *(lit.) sky-blue”
ᴺQ. !nendalaurë n. “golden water-flower, yellow iris”
ᴹQ. nil (nild-) n. “blue-bell, harebell”
ᴺQ. !nurunyel (nurunyell-) [ñ-] n. “foxglove, (lit.) death-bell”
ᴺQ. !ondosercë n. “stonecrop, plant with red flowers, (lit.) blood of stone”
Q. pirindë n. “flower that opened and shut quickly with any change of light”
⚠️ᴱQ. quillë¹ (quilli-) n. “blue-bell”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nil “blue-bell, harebell”
⚠️ᴱQ. quillinin (quillinind-) n. “blue-bell”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nil “blue-bell, harebell”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quinquenna n. “Solomon’s-seal”
ᴺQ. !rácumbar n. “aconitum, wolfsbane, (lit.) wolf-doom”
ᴺQ. !súriellë n. “windflower, anemone”

8.60 Tree (generic)

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. alda n. “tree, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] branch”
Q. aldarembina adj. “tree-meshed”
ᴹQ. aldarwa adj. “having trees, tree-grown”
⚠️ᴱQ. aldëa adj. “tree-shadowed”; see instead:
Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
Q. aldinga n. “tree-top”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ornë n. “(tall) tree, [ᴹQ.] high isolated tree”
⚠️ᴱQ. taulë¹ n. “great tree”; see instead:
Q. táva “great tree”
Q. táva n. “great tree”

8.61 Oak

ᴹQ. lindornëa adj. “having many oaks”
⚠️ᴱQ. nor (norn-) n. “oak”; see instead:
Q. norno “oak”
⚠️Q. nordo n. “oak”; see instead:
Q. norno “oak”
⚠️ᴱQ. nornë n. “oak (tree), oak in general”; see instead:
Q. norno “oak”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #nornëa adj. “*of oak”
⚠️ᴱQ. nornelassëa adj. “having oak-leaves”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
Q., ᴹQ. norno n. “oak”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nornolassëa adj. “having oak-leaves”
⚠️ᴱQ. oromë n. “oak”

8.62 Beech

ᴹQ. feren (fern-) n. “beech-tree”
ᴹQ. ferinya adj. “beechen”
⚠️ᴱQ. líneneldora adj. “having many beeches”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldor n. “beech”; see instead:
S. neldor “beech”
ᴹQ. feren “beech-tree”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldorin n. “beech-tree”; see instead:
ᴹQ. feren “beech-tree”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldorion n. “beech wood”

8.63 Birch

Q. hwindë n. “birch”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] polondë n. “alder”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarco² n. “elder [tree]”
⚠️ᴱQ. silqueléni n. “silver birch, (lit.) long tresses”; see instead:
Q. hwindë “birch”
⚠️ᴱQ. silwin (silwind-) n. “birch”; see instead:
Q. hwindë “birch”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulwë n. “alder tree”; see instead:
ᴺQ. polondë “alder”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulwëa adj. “alder-grown”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulwenoitë adj. “alderlike”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulwe nornelassëa n. “oakleaved alder”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulwessë n. “alder-thicket”

8.635 Elm

⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. alalmë n. “elm-tree”; see instead:
Q. alvë “elm”
Q. alalvëa adj. “having many elms”
Q. alvë n. “elm”

8.64 Pine

⚠️ᴱQ. aicassë n. “pine-tree”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sono “pine”
⚠️ᴱQ. aicor n. “pine-tree”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sono “pine”
⚠️ᴱQ. aiquairë n. “fir, pine (tree)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sono “pine”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. finë n. “larch”
⚠️ᴱQ. hórë (hóri-) n. “pine, stone pine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sono “pine”
⚠️ᴱQ. horinel (horinell-) n. “pine-needle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sononel “pine-needle”
⚠️ᴱQ. pimpevinnë n. “larch”; see instead:
ᴹQ. finë “larch”
⚠️Q. sánë (sáni-) [þ] n. “pine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sono “pine”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sónë [þ] n. “pine tree”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sono “pine”
ᴺQ. !sono [þ] n. “pine”
ᴺQ. !sononel (sononelm-) [þ] n. “pine-needle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] súcë [þ] n. “resinous tree, pine or fir”

8.655 Tree (other)

Q. culumalda n. “laburnum, *(lit.) orange-tree”
Q. farnë (farni-) n. “ash, rowan; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] foliage”
⚠️ᴱQ. lailexë n. “willow”; see instead:
Q. tasar(ë) “willow”
Q. lairelossë n. “summer-snow-white, species of tree in Númenor”
Q. laurinquë n. “yellow-flowered tree”
ᴹQ. lavaralda n. “tree with long green leaves with golden undersides and pale flowers with a yellow flush”
Q. lepetta n. “Gondorian hardwood”
⚠️ᴱQ. lindeloctë n. “laburnum, (lit.) singing cluster”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lindelos “laburnum, (lit.) singing cluster”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lindelos (lindelós-) [þ] n. “laburnum, (lit.) singing cluster”
⚠️ᴱQ. lintasarindëa adj. “having many willows”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lintyulussëa adj. “having many poplars”
⚠️ᴱQ. maisilanda n. “sycamore”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mapalin “plane tree [Platinus], sycamore, (lit.) hand-flat”
⚠️ᴱQ. maitë² n. “maple”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mavaina “maple, (lit.) hand-clad”
Q. malinornë n. “mallorn, (lit.) golden/yellow tree”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mapalin n. “plane tree [Platinus], sycamore, (lit.) hand-flat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mavaina n. “maple, (lit.) hand-clad”
⚠️ᴱQ. mavoisi n. “chestnut”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !olmos “chestnut tree, *chestnut”
Q. nessamelda n. “species of tree in Númenor, (lit.) beloved of Nessa”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nindornë n. “palm-tree”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^paltalda “palm tree”
Q. oiolairë n. “ever-summer (a species of tree)”
ᴺQ. !olmos (olmoss-) n. “chestnut tree, *chestnut”
Q. ornemalin n. “[tree] bearing yellow flowers”
⚠️ᴱQ. palapaptë n. “*sycamore”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mapalin “plane tree [Platinus], sycamore, (lit.) hand-flat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^paltalda n. “palm tree”
⚠️ᴱQ. paltyalda n. “palm tree”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^paltalda “palm tree”
ᴺQ. !parda n. “bark (of a tree)”
⚠️ᴱQ. randa n. “bark; peel, rind, outer ring, circumference”; see instead:
ᴹQ. randa “cycle, age (100 Valian Years)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] siquilissë n. “weeping willow; ⚠️lamentation”
ᴺQ. !sunca (þ) n. “cone (of a tree, as in pine cone)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tamuril n. “yew”
Q. taniquelassë n. “*high-white-leaf”
⚠️ᴱQ. tapatenda mavoisi n. “Spanish [chestnut]”
Q., ᴹQ. tasar(ë) (tasari-) [þ] n. “willow”
⚠️ᴱQ. tasarin n. “willow”; see instead:
Q. tasar(ë) “willow”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tyulussë n. “poplar-tree”
Q. vardarianna n. “fragrant evergreen tree”
Q. yavannamírë n. “Jewel of Yavanna”

8.66 Acorn

ᴹQ. ferna n. “mast, beechnuts”

8.67 Vine

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] etil n. “ivy”
⚠️ᴱQ. etl n. “ivy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. etil “ivy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] liantassë n. “vine”
ᴹQ. uilë n. “long trailing plant”

8.68 Tobacco

Q. alanessë n. “nicotiana, pipeweed, *tobacco”
ᴺQ. !uscil(lë) n. “cigarette”

8.99 Vegetation (other)

ᴺQ. !airasëa [þ] n. “hyssop”
ᴹQ. arat (arac-) n. “weed”
Q. cëa n. “*hedge”
ᴹQ. ëaruilë n. “seaweed”
ᴺQ. !eccahta n. “hawthorn, (lit.) thorn-hedge”
ᴺQ. !eccalda n. “cactus, (lit.) spine tree”
⚠️ᴱQ. ectar² n. “hawthorn, thorn”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !eccahta “hawthorn, (lit.) thorn-hedge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^eldafindë n. “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress”
⚠️ᴱQ. eldasilquë n. “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^eldafindë “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress”
ᴹQ. ercassë n. “holly”
⚠️ᴹQ. ercë n. “holly”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ercassë “holly”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] filquë n. “fern”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^helillos [þ] n. “wisteria, (lit.) purple cluster”
⚠️ᴱQ. heliloctë n. “wisteria, (lit.) purple cluster”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^helillos “wisteria, (lit.) purple cluster”
ᴹQ. hwan (hwand-) n. “sponge, fungus”
ᴺQ. !laiquelis (laiqueliss-) n. “rue (plant)”
ᴺQ. !lóma n. “moss”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nastalaima n. “thistle, (lit.) spear plant”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nelmasirpë “thistle, (lit.) needle-stalk”
⚠️ᴱQ. nehta n. “hawthorn”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !eccahta “hawthorn, (lit.) thorn-hedge”
ᴺQ. !nelmasirpë [þ] n. “thistle, (lit.) needle-stalk”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] oricon n. “heather”
⚠️ᴱQ. #oron¹ (orond-) n. “bush”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tussa “bush”
Q. oron “mountain”
Q. pilinehtar n. “a reed-like plant, (lit.) ?arrow thorn”
⚠️ᴱQ. piosenna n. “holly”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ercassë “holly”
⚠️ᴱQ. pi(pi)nectar n. “whitethorn, hawthorn”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !eccahta “hawthorn, (lit.) thorn-hedge”
ᴺQ. !sortöa [þ] n. “aloe, (lit.) eaglewood”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarassë n. “hawthorn”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !eccahta “hawthorn, (lit.) thorn-hedge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telumbë n. “mushroom”
ᴹQ. tussa n. “bush”

9. Physical Acts and Materials

9.11 to Do, Make

⚠️ᴹQ. alcárima adj. “impossible to make”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lacárima “not feasible, impossible”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cacar- v. “to continue, *keep on doing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cacarra- “to keep on doing, *continue”
ᴹQ. cacarra- v. “to keep on doing, *continue”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. car- v. “to do, make, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] build”
Q., ᴹQ. carië n. “doing, making”
Q., ᴹQ. cárima adj. “feasible, possible (to do), able to be done, [ᴹQ.] able to be made”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. carina adj. “done, [ᴹQ.] made, [ᴱQ.] finished”
Q. carmë n. “production, making; structure; ⚠️art”
Q. #-carya suf. “-doing”
Q. finya- v. “to do/make a thing (with fine work)”
ᴺQ. !hritya- v. “to achieve, accomplish”
ᴺQ. [Q.] lacárima adj. “not feasible, impossible”
Q. lacarina adj. “undone, *unfinished, incomplete”
ᴺQ. !onda n. “creation, work”

9.112 Doer, Agent

⚠️ᴹQ. -ando suf. “agent (male)”; see instead:
Q. -ndo “(masculine) agent”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-(a)r suf. “masculine/agental suffix”; see instead:
Q. #-r(o) “agental suffix”
⚠️ᴹQ. cáro n. “doer, actor, agent”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tyaro “doer, actor, agent”
Q. -ldë² suf. “feminine agent”
Q. -llë¹ suf. “feminine agent”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -mo suf. “agental suffix”
Q. -ndë suf. “feminine agent”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ndo suf. “(masculine) agent”
Q., ᴹQ. #-r(o) suf. “agental suffix”
ᴹQ. tyaro n. “doer, actor, agent”

9.114 Action

ᴺQ. [Q.] ahtar- v. “to do back, react; ⚠️to requite, avenge”
ᴺQ. !ahtarië n. “reaction; ⚠️vengeance”
⚠️ᴱQ. cá n. “deed, act, fact”; see instead:
Q. carda “deed, *action”
ᴹQ. enna¹ “fact”
⚠️ᴺQ. !car n. “act, an action”; see instead:
Q. carda “deed, *action”
⚠️ᴹQ. car² (card-) n. “deed”; see instead:
Q. carda “deed, *action”
Q., ᴹQ. caraitë (caraiti-) adj. “active, busy; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] able to make, handy, crafty, craftsmanlike, skilled”
Q. caraitië n. “activity, business”
Q. carda n. “deed, *action”
Q. -carë suf. “action, doing, making”
⚠️ᴱQ. carma n. “shape, fashion; act, deed”; see instead:
Q. canta² “shape, framework, [ᴹQ.] frame; shaped”
Q. carda “deed, *action”
⚠️ᴱQ. caro n. “deed, act, action”; see instead:
Q. -carë “action, doing, making”
Q. lacaraitë adj. “*inactive; ⚠️impossible”
Q. lacarë n. “inaction, (lit.) not-doing”
ᴺQ. !ocaraitië n. “program, a set of activities”
⚠️Q. vecca adj. “active”; see instead:
Q. caraitë “active, busy; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] able to make, handy, crafty, craftsmanlike, skilled”

9.12 Work, Labor

ᴺQ. !fintemótalë n. “industry, (lit.) making toil”
ᴺQ. [Q.] mólë n. “labour, *work”
⚠️ᴺQ. !molië n. “labour, work”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mólë “labour, *work”
ᴺQ. !mólië “slavery, thralldom”
⚠️ᴺQ. !molindo n. “worker”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mótaro “worker”
ᴹQ. mólomë n. “hard work, burden”
ᴺQ. !mótamen n. “office”
ᴺQ. !mótaro n. “worker”
ᴺQ. !omolmë n. “company, business, enterprise, firm”
ᴺQ. !omolmessë n. “corporation”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tarassë n. “labour”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mólë “labour, *work”
ᴺQ. !tassa “(a) trouble, troublesome event/thing/circumstance”

9.13 to Work, Toil

Q. moia- v. “to be afflicted, *be laboured; ⚠️to labour”
⚠️Q. mol- v. “to labour”; see instead:
ᴹQ. móta- “to labour, toil, *work”
ᴹQ. móta- v. “to labour, toil, *work”

9.14 to Bend

⚠️ᴱQ. cauta- v. “to bend”; see instead:
Q. cúna- “to bend”
ᴹQ. cucumba- v. “to nod repeatedly, (lit.) keep on bowing”
Q. cúna adj. “bent, curved”
Q. cúna- v. “to bend”
ᴹQ. cuv- v. “to bow [the body]”
ᴺQ. !loc- v. “to loop, curl, ⚠️bend”
Q. locin adj. “bent, *curled”
Q. luhta- v. “to bow, *curve”
Q. lúva n. “bow (in forming tengwar), bight, bend, curve”
Q. numba adj. “bent, humped”

9.16 to Bind

⚠️ᴺQ. !avanut- v. “to untie”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !únut- “to untie”
ᴺQ. !hap-¹ v. “to bind, restrain; ⚠️to retain, keep, detain”
⚠️ᴱQ. hepe- v. “to bind”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hap-¹ “to bind, restrain; ⚠️to retain, keep, detain”
ᴺQ. !hep- “to keep”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lia- v. “to entwine”
⚠️ᴱQ. lim- v. “to bind”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hap-¹ “to bind, restrain; ⚠️to retain, keep, detain”
ᴹQ. #nut- v. “to tie”
⚠️ᴱQ. serta- v. “to tie”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #nut- “to tie”
ᴺQ. !únut- v. “to untie”

9.17 Bond

⚠️ᴹQ. aman n. “bond”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nútë “bond, knot”
ᴹQ. vérë “bond, troth, compact, oath”
⚠️ᴱQ. hetl n. “bond”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nútë “bond, knot”
Q. naxa¹ “bond, fetter”
ᴺQ. !minaxanwa adj. “enchained, bound, fettered”
Q. naxa¹ n. “bond, fetter”
ᴹQ. nútë n. “bond, knot”

9.18 Chain

⚠️ᴺQ. !angwenda n. “chain”; see instead:
ᴺQ. limil “chain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] limil n. “chain”

9.19 Rope, Cord

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hempa n. “cord”
Q. hísilanya [þ] n. “mist thread, grey elvish rope”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nurda n. “cord, rope”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rappa “rope”
ᴺQ. !rappa n. “rope”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] serma [þ] n. “string, ⚠️cord”
⚠️ᴱQ. tendl n. “string”; see instead:
ᴺQ. serma “string, ⚠️cord”

9.192 Knot

ᴹQ. narda n. “knot”

9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat

ᴺQ. !andamba- v. “to smite”
ᴺQ. !andarma- v. “to crash”
ᴺQ. !falpa- v. “to flog”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyalta- v. “to strike, make ring; [with dative] make a phone call to, ring”
ᴹQ. lah- v. “to kick”
⚠️ᴱQ. lampa- v. “to beat, hit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. palpa- “to beat, batter; *to clap, applaud (with palms)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^narambo n. “bang, buffet”
⚠️ᴱQ. otto- v. “to knock”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ton- “to tap, knock”
ᴹQ. palca- v. “to beat flat”
ᴹQ. palpa- v. “to beat, batter; *to clap, applaud (with palms)”
⚠️ᴱQ. panta-² v. “to beat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. palpa- “to beat, batter; *to clap, applaud (with palms)”
⚠️ᴱQ. pete- v. “to knock, strike”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tamba- “to knock, keep on knocking”
⚠️ᴱQ. pilt (pilty-) n. “blow, cuff, box on ear”
⚠️ᴱQ. pilty- v. “to strike (esp. with flat hand)”
ᴹQ. tam- v. “to tap”
ᴹQ. tamba- v. “to knock, keep on knocking”
⚠️ᴱQ. tanga- v. “to beat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. palpa- “to beat, batter; *to clap, applaud (with palms)”
⚠️ᴱQ. taran (taramb-) n. “bang, buffet”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^narambo “bang, buffet”
ᴹQ. ton- v. “to tap, knock”

9.22 to Cut

Q. #aucir- v. “to cut off (and get rid of or lose a portion)”
Q., ᴱQ. #cir- v. “to cut, [ᴱQ.] cleave; *to separate from”
⚠️ᴱQ. #feng- v. “to cut”; see instead:
Q. #cir- “to cut, [ᴱQ.] cleave; *to separate from”
Q. #hócir- v. “to cut off (so as to have or use a required portion)”
ᴹQ. rista n. “cut”
Q., ᴹQ. rista- v. “[ᴹQ.] to cut”
⚠️ᴱQ. vilci- v. “to cut”; see instead:
Q. #cir- “to cut, [ᴱQ.] cleave; *to separate from”

9.23 Knife (tool)

Q. #cirma n. “knife”
Q. cirmacin (cirmacim-) n. “knife-edge”
⚠️ᴱQ. naica¹ n. “dagger”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sicil “dagger, knife”
ᴹQ. sicil n. “dagger, knife”

9.24 Shears, Scissors

⚠️ᴱQ. †öalúmë n. “shearing time”

9.25 Ax

⚠️ᴱQ. hanta n. “a blow with an axe”
ᴺQ. !ondopelet (ondopelecc-) n. “pickaxe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pelecco (peleccu-) n. “axe”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuacca n. “battle axe”; see instead:
ᴺQ. pelecco “axe”

9.26 to Break

ᴹQ. #ascat- v. “to rend, break asunder”
ᴹQ. hat-¹ v. “to break asunder”
⚠️ᴱQ. laira- v. “to wear out, break up”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yerya- “to wear (out), get old”
ᴹQ. nwara- “to gnaw, erode, wear away”
Q. rac- v. “to break”
Q. rácina adj. “broken”
⚠️ᴱQ. ranca adj. “broken”; see instead:
Q. rácina “broken”
⚠️ᴱQ. rusta adj. “broken”
ᴺQ. !ruv- v. “to burst, rupture”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rúvina adj. “burst, ruptured”
Q. #ruxa- v. “to crumble”
ᴹQ. terhat- v. “to break apart”
ᴺQ. !urva- v. “to explode”

9.27 to Split

⚠️ᴱQ. circis n. “cleft, crack”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cirissë “slash, gash”
⚠️ᴱQ. ciris (cirist-) n. “cleft, crack”; see instead:
Q. cirya² “cleft, pass”
ᴹQ. cirissë “slash, gash”
ᴹQ. cirissë n. “slash, gash”
⚠️ᴱQ. cisin adj. “cleft”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sanca “cleft, split”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyanda- v. “to mow, cleave”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hyar- “to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough”
ᴺQ. ^salca- “to mow, scythe, mow down”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. hyar- v. “to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hyasta-² v. “to hack through”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hyar- “to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough”
ᴺQ. hyasta- “to rush, rustle”
ᴹQ. hyatsë n. “cleft, gash”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sahta- [þ] v. “to split”
ᴹQ. sanca [þ] adj. “cleft, split”

9.28 to Tear

ᴹQ. naraca adj. “harsh, rending, violent of (?sounds)”
ᴹQ. narca- v. “to rend”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^narcë n. “*rend, tear; [ᴱQ.] snap of a dog; spiteful remark”
⚠️ᴱQ. sanca¹ n. “rend, jab”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^narcë “*rend, tear; [ᴱQ.] snap of a dog; spiteful remark”
ᴹQ. sanca “cleft, split”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulqu- v. “*to rend”; see instead:
ᴹQ. narca- “to rend”

9.29 to Flay, Skin

ᴺQ. !helta- v. “to strip, bare, peel; to despoil, denude”
⚠️ᴱQ. par- v. “to peel”; see instead:
Q. par- “to learn”
⚠️ᴱQ. rara- v. “to scrape, peel, strip”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !helta- “to strip, bare, peel; to despoil, denude”
⚠️ᴱQ. rasta n. “file, scraper”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ripta- v. “to cut in strips, tear up; to stripe, mark in parallel lines; to flay, flog”

9.31 to Rub

⚠️ᴺQ. !aupsar- v. “to wipe away”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !öapsar- “to wipe away”
ᴺQ. !öapsar- v. “to wipe away”
Q., ᴹQ. †psar- v. “to rub, [ᴹQ.] fret”
ᴹQ. sapsarra- v. “to keep on rubbing, fray away”
⚠️ᴱQ. #wara- v. “to rub”; see instead:
Q. †psar- “to rub, [ᴹQ.] fret”

9.32 to Stretch

ᴺQ. !eterahta- v. “to reach out”
⚠️ᴱQ. lenu- v. “to stretch”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lat- “to be extended, stretch, [ᴱQ.] spread, extend; [ᴹQ.] to be situated (of an area), lie (of lands or regions)”
⚠️ᴱQ. racta-¹ v. “to stretch out, reach”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^rahta- “to stretch out, reach”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^rahta- v. “to stretch out, reach”
Q., ᴹQ. #tailë n. “lengthening, [ᴹQ.] extension”
Q., ᴹQ. #taima n. “extension”
Q., ᴹQ. taina¹ adj. “stretched, elongated; [ᴹQ.] lengthened, extended, prolonged”
ᴹQ. taita- v. “to prolong, *lengthen”
⚠️ᴱQ. tapa- v. “to taper, stretch out (intr.), extend thin”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lat- “to be extended, stretch, [ᴱQ.] spread, extend; [ᴹQ.] to be situated (of an area), lie (of lands or regions)”

9.33 to Draw, Pull

⚠️ᴱQ. cilt n. “tuck”
⚠️ᴱQ. #cilti- v. “to jerk, tuck”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rihta- “to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch, *wrench”
ᴺQ. !ettuc- v. “to draw out”
⚠️ᴱQ. #halmë n. “drawing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tucië “drawing, pulling”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyecca n. “jerk”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyehta- v. “to jerk”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rihta- “to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch, *wrench”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] luc- v. “to haul, drag, [ᴱQ.] pull (behind)”
ᴹQ. rihta- v. “to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch, *wrench”
ᴹQ. rinca n. “twitch, jerk, sudden move, ⚠️trick”
ᴹQ. tuc- v. “to draw, *pull (toward)”
ᴺQ. !tucië n. “drawing, pulling”

9.34 to Strew, Spread Out

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. capta- v. “to make spring, scatter; [ᴱQ.] to startle, ⚠️leap”
ᴺQ. !rerestë n. “scattering, diaspora”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rína adj. and suf. “scattered, ⚠️sown”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rísima [þ] adj. “scattered, ubiquitous, universal”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rísimandë [þ] adv. “passim [Latin]; *scatteredly, here and there, at random”
ᴺQ. !úpartalë n. “unorder, *disorder”
Q. vinta- [w] v. “to scatter, blow about”

9.342 to Press

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mal- v. “to crush, squeeze; to hurt, pain (cause pain to)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] malda- v. “to pound, ⚠️crush”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sanga- [þ] v. “[ᴱQ.] to pack tight, compress, press; ⚠️to gather”
ᴹQ. sanguma [þ] n. “press, *thing that presses”

9.35 to Pour

ᴹQ. calpa- v. “to draw water, scoop out, bale out”
⚠️ᴱQ. celta- v. “to draw water”; see instead:
ᴹQ. calpa- “to draw water, scoop out, bale out”
ᴺQ. !etulya- v. “to pour forth, pour out”
⚠️Q. púlima adj. “pourable, liquid”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sirëa “flowing, liquid”
ᴹQ. ulya- “to pour, flow”
ᴹQ. úlëa adj. “pouring, flooding, flowing”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulto- v. “to pour (tr.)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ulya- “to pour, flow”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulu- v. “to pour, gush (intr.)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ulya- “to pour, flow”
ᴹQ. ululla- v. “to keep on pouring”
ᴹQ. ulya- v. “to pour, flow”

9.36 to Wash

ᴺQ. !alasóvina adj. “unwashed”
⚠️ᴱQ. allu- v. “to wash”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sov- “to wash, *bathe”
⚠️ᴱQ. allumë n. “washing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sovallë “washing, bathing, purification”
ᴺQ. !poitië “(act of) cleaning, cleansing”
⚠️ᴱQ. fascalan n. “bath”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^súnë “bath, small pool”
⚠️ᴱQ. lusta n. “warm water”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^súnë “bath, small pool”
⚠️ᴱQ. lusta- v. “to bathe in warm water”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sov- “to wash, *bathe”
⚠️ᴱQ. lutto- v. “to swill, wash”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sov- “to wash, *bathe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] poita- v. “to cleanse, *clean”
ᴺQ. !poitië n. “(act of) cleaning, cleansing”
⚠️ᴱQ. poitya- v. “to make clean, tidy, straighten”; see instead:
ᴺQ. poita- “to cleanse, *clean”
⚠️ᴱQ. saunë n. “bath, small pool”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^súnë “bath, small pool”
⚠️ᴱQ. sausa n. “bath water, hot water”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^súsa “bath water, hot water”
ᴺQ. !sónanwa n. “water basin”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sov- v. “to wash, *bathe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sovallë n. “washing, bathing, purification”
ᴺQ. !sumbanwa n. “sink (for washing)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^súnë n. “bath, small pool”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^súsa [súþa] n. “bath water, hot water”

9.38 Broom

ᴺQ. !olopsë n. “broom”

9.41 Craft, Trade

Q. arimaitë adj. “[most] skillful, *gifted”
Q., ᴱQ. curu n. “skill; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] magic, wizardry”
Q., ᴹQ. curwë n. “[ᴹQ.] craft, [Q.] skill of the hand, technical skill and invention”
ᴺQ. !móletyeller n. “career, (lit.) work-steps”
ᴺQ. !nórarwa n. “economy, (lit.) country-wealth”
Q. taman n. “thing made by handicraft”

9.412 Art

Q. mairë n. “art, work of high and beautiful art, process of producing an art work”
Q. mairëa adj. “beautiful (of things made by art), *artistic”
Q. maita- v. “to make with art, design, compose”
Q. maitalë n. “act of doing [artistic] work”
Q. maitar n. “artist; poet”
ᴺQ. !tirmen n. “theater”

9.413 Horn, Trumpet

ᴹQ. hyóla n. “trump, *trumpet”
ᴺQ. !hyólamo n. “trumpeter”
⚠️ᴱQ. licin n. “horn, curled horn”; see instead:
Q. romba “horn, trumpet”
⚠️ᴱQ. licinda- v. “to blow a trumpet”
⚠️ᴱQ. licinda n. “trumpet”; see instead:
Q. romba “horn, trumpet”
⚠️ᴱQ. licinnë n. “blowing of horns”; see instead:
Q. róma “[ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare; [Q.] horn”
Q., ᴹQ. róma n. “[ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare; [Q.] horn”
Q., ᴹQ. romba n. “horn, trumpet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tumbë n. “trumpet, (large) horn”; see instead:
Q. romba “horn, trumpet”

9.42 Artisan, Craftsman

ᴺQ. [Q.], ᴹQ. ahto n. “wright, maker, *[lesser] craftsman”
ᴺQ. !carmatan (carmatam-) n. “toolsmith”
ᴺQ. !maicatan (maicatam-) n. “weaponsmith”
ᴺQ. !noremmatan (noremmatam-) n. “cartographer”

9.422 Tool

⚠️ᴺQ. !auma n. “machine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^indya “device, machine, engine”
Q. carma² n. “tool, implement, means, weapon”
ᴺQ. !cómë n. “file”
Q. curo (curu-) n. “skillful (?device)”
ᴺQ. !curwesta n. “technology”
⚠️ᴱQ. enya n. “device (method, trick), machine, engine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^indya “device, machine, engine”
ᴺQ. !imbenatsë n. “internet”
⚠️ᴺQ. !imberaima n. “internet”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !imbenatsë “internet”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^indya n. “device, machine, engine”
ᴺQ. !lialóra adj. “cordless, wireless”
ᴺQ. !maxarma n. “software”
ᴺQ. !natsemen n. “website, (lit.) web-spot”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nonwa n. “computer, (lit.) implement for reckoning”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nótar “computer, calculator”
ᴺQ. !nótar n. “computer, calculator”
⚠️ᴺQ. !notil n. “calculator”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nótar “computer, calculator”
ᴺQ. !otolmië n. “keyboard”
ᴺQ. !palallon n. “telephone, (lit.) far-sound”
ᴺQ. !palancen n. “television, (lit.) far-sight”
ᴺQ. !palancenta n. “telecommunication”
⚠️ᴺQ. !palanóma n. “phone”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !palallon “telephone, (lit.) far-sound”
ᴺQ. !palantilla n. “telescope”
ᴺQ. !sor- v. “to provide, equip, furnish”
ᴹQ. sorasta n. “equipment”
Q. tamma n. “tool”
⚠️ᴱQ. yaima n. “implement”; see instead:
Q. carma² “tool, implement, means, weapon”
ᴺQ. !yungwa n. “appliance”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yuqua n. “appliance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yungwa “appliance”

9.423 to Use

Q., ᴹQ. mahta- v. “to handle, wield, use, make use of; to manage, deal with, treat, control; [ᴹQ.] to wield a weapon, fight; to stroke, feel”
ᴺQ. !sorastarwa adj. “furnished, equipped”
ᴺQ. !yuhta- v. “to use, employ”
ᴺQ. !yuhtaimalë n. “usefulness”
ᴺQ. !yuhtaina adj. “used”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yunca adj. “used”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuhtaina “used”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yungwë n. “usefulness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuhtaimalë “usefulness”

9.43 Carpenter

ᴹQ. samno [þ] n. “carpenter, wright, builder”
Q. tautamo n. “carpenter, [wood] carver”

9.44 to Build

ᴺQ. !amacarastië n. “upbuilding”
ᴹQ. #ampana- v. “to build”
ᴹQ. ampanóta- v. “to build, construct, erect a (large) building”
ᴹQ. ampanotalëa adj. “architectural”
ᴹQ. ampanotastë n. “architecture”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^carasta n. “making, manufacture, construction”
Q. carasta- v. “to build, construct”
⚠️ᴹQ. carastë n. “making, manufacture, construction”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^carasta “making, manufacture, construction”
ᴺQ. !cariendë n. “production, process of manufacture”
ᴺQ. !nutanwë n. “infrastructure”
Q. tamna adj. and n. “artificial; artifact”
ᴹQ. tanwë n. “craft, thing made, device, construction”
⚠️ᴱQ. taqua- v. “to build, fashion, construct, make”; see instead:
Q. carasta- “to build, construct”
Q. cat- “to shape, fashion”
⚠️ᴱQ. tump-¹ v. “to build; to beat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #ampana- “to build”
ᴹQ. palpa- “to beat, batter; *to clap, applaud (with palms)”

9.45 to Hew

Q., ᴱQ. mac- v. “to hew (with a sword), *swing (a sword); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to slay; to die”
Q., ᴹQ. #nac- v. “to hew [into], cut; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to slay, kill; to hate”
Q. nanca adj. “*hewn, ⚠️slain”
⚠️ᴱQ. pelecta- v. “to hew”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyacta- v. “hew”; see instead:
Q. mac- “to hew (with a sword), *swing (a sword); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to slay; to die”

9.455 to Poke, Prick, Stab

⚠️ᴱQ. ceny- v. “to prick”; see instead:
ᴹQ. erca- “to prick”
⚠️ᴱQ. coli- v. “to prick”; see instead:
ᴹQ. erca- “to prick”
⚠️ᴱQ. colimen n. “prick”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ehta- v. “to stab”
ᴹQ. erca- v. “to prick”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilt n. “dig, stab”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilt- v. “to thrust home, come in”
⚠️ᴱQ. irt (irty-) n. “peck, pinprick”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^irtë “peck, pinprick”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^irta- v. “to peck, prick”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^irtë (irti-) n. “peck, pinprick”
⚠️ᴱQ. #irty- v. “to peck, prick”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^irta- “to peck, prick”
ᴹQ. nasta- v. “to sting, prick”
⚠️ᴱQ. piecta- v. “to prick, pin-prick”

9.46 to Bore

ᴺQ. !rotta- v. “to bore (a hole or tunnel)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ter- v. “to pierce”
⚠️ᴺQ. !térala adj. “piercing”; see instead:
ᴱQ. ter- “*to pierce”

9.47 Auger

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^terendel n. “lathe”
⚠️ᴱQ. terendl n. “lathe”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^terendel “lathe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] teret (tereht-) n. “auger, borer, gimlet”

9.48 Saw

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] carcasarma [þ] n. “large saw”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sara- [þ] v. “to saw [wood]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sarma [þ] n. “saw”

9.49 Hammer

⚠️ᴱQ. artan (artam-) n. “hammer”; see instead:
ᴹQ. namba “hammer”
ᴹQ. namba n. “hammer”
ᴹQ. namba- v. “to hammer”
⚠️ᴱQ. petl n. “hammer”; see instead:
ᴹQ. namba “hammer”
⚠️ᴱQ. tonga n. “great hammer”; see instead:
ᴹQ. namba “hammer”

9.50 Nail, Peg

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tanca n. “fastening, rivet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tas (tax-) n. “nail”; see instead:
ᴹQ. taxë “nail”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. taxë n. “nail”

9.51 Beam

ᴹQ. andul n. “long pole”
ᴹQ. hana n. “post”
ᴺQ. !orpano n. “ridgepole”
ᴺQ. !otarmië n. “colonnade”
ᴺQ. !ramma n. “lever”
ᴹQ. ran (ramb-) n. “beam of wood”
⚠️Q. rondo² n. “staff (of hardwood)”
ᴹQ. samna¹ [þ] n. “wooden post”
⚠️ᴱQ. súlë n. “column, pillar”; see instead:
Q. tarma “pillar”
Q. #talca n. “post, mark”
Q. tarma n. “pillar”
⚠️ᴱQ. taulë² n. “pillar”; see instead:
Q. tarma “pillar”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulwë n. “tall thin pillar, standard, pole; banner”
⚠️ᴺQ. ^vandil n. “staff”; see instead:
ᴺQ. vanga “staff”
⚠️ᴱQ. vandl n. “staff”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^vandil “staff”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vanga n. “staff”

9.52 Board

ᴹQ. pano n. “piece of shaped wood, *board, plank”
⚠️ᴱQ. panta² n. “board”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pano “piece of shaped wood, *board, plank”
ᴹQ. panta “open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarat (saract-) n. “plank”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pano “piece of shaped wood, *board, plank”
Q. sarat “letter (of the Rúmilian alphabet)”
⚠️ᴱQ. saratwa adj. “made of planks”

9.54 Brick

ᴹQ. ambal n. “shaped stone, flag [stone]”
⚠️ᴱQ. telar n. “brick, tile”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tesar “brick, tile”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tesar n. “brick, tile”

9.60 Smith

Q. sintamo n. “smith”
⚠️ᴱQ. talca¹ n. “smith”; see instead:
Q. tamo “smith, builder, wright, artificer”
Q. tamo n. “smith, builder, wright, artificer”
⚠️ᴹQ. tano n. “craftsman, smith”; see instead:
Q. tamo “smith, builder, wright, artificer”
ᴺQ. !telpetan n. “silversmith”
⚠️ᴱQ. tongar n. “smith”; see instead:
Q. sintamo “smith”
ᴺQ. !urustan (urustam-) n. “copper-smith”

9.61 to Forge

ᴺQ. !maca- v. “to forge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tamin n. “forge”
ᴺQ. !ticuta- v. “to smelt, (orig.) make melt”

9.62 Anvil

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] onin n. “anvil”

9.635 Metal

ᴺQ. !lupsë (lupsi-) n. “nugget, (small) chunk, clump, tidbit”
ᴺQ. !minul(da) n. “ingot”
⚠️ᴹQ. rauta n. “metal”; see instead:
Q. tinco “metal”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinquina adj. “metallic”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tincoina “metallic”
Q., ᴹQ. tinco n. “metal”
ᴺQ. !tincoina adj. “metallic”

9.64 Gold

⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. culu n. “gold (metal)”; see instead:
Q. malta “gold (metal), gold as material”
⚠️ᴱQ. cululta adj. “of gold”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !maltaina “of gold”
⚠️ᴱQ. culusta n. “gold coin”
⚠️ᴱQ. culuva adj. “of gold”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !maltaina “of gold”
⚠️ᴱQ. culuvoitë (culuvoisi-) adj. “golden”; see instead:
Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. laurë n. “gold (light or colour)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. laurëa adj. “golden (of hue)”
Q. laurië n. and adv. “goldenness; like gold”
⚠️ᴱQ. laurina adj. “golden”; see instead:
Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
Q., ᴹQ. malta n. “gold (metal), gold as material”
ᴺQ. !maltaina adj. “of gold”

9.65 Silver

⚠️ᴱQ. ilsa n. “(mystic name of) silver”; see instead:
Q. telpë “silver; [ᴱQ.] money”
ᴹQ. telemna adj. “*of silver”
⚠️ᴹQ. telepsa adj. “of silver”; see instead:
Q. telepta “silver, *silver-coloured”
Q., ᴱQ. telepta adj. “silver, *silver-coloured”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. telpë (telep-) n. “silver; [ᴱQ.] money”
⚠️ᴱQ. telpëa adj. “silvern”; see instead:
Q. telpina “like silver (in hue or worth), [ᴹQ.] of silver”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. telpina adj. “like silver (in hue or worth), [ᴹQ.] of silver”
Q., ᴹQ. †tyelpë (tyelep-) n. “silver”

9.66 Copper, Bronze

Q. calarus (calarust-) n. “polished copper”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] calas (calass-) n. “brass”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] calassina adj. “brazen, *made of brass”
Q. lairus (lairust-) n. “verdigris”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tambë (tambi-) n. “bronze, ⚠️copper”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tambina adj. “of bronze, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] of copper”
Q. urus (urust-) n. “copper”
ᴺQ. !urusta adj. “of copper”
ᴺQ. !urustamitta n. “copper-piece”

9.67 Iron

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. anga n. “iron”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. angaina adj. “of iron”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] axë (axi-) n. “steel”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] axína adj. “(of) steel, *like steel”
⚠️ᴱQ. ere(n) n. “iron, steel”; see instead:
Q. anga “iron”
Q. tornanga “iron hard; hard-iron, *steel”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. malo² (malu-) n. “rust”
⚠️ᴱQ. tong??a adj. “of iron”; see instead:
ᴹQ. angaina “of iron”
⚠️ᴱQ. tongo n. “iron”; see instead:
Q. anga “iron”
⚠️ᴱQ. tongwa adj. “like iron”; see instead:
ᴹQ. angaina “of iron”
Q. tornanga adj. and n. “iron hard; hard-iron, *steel”
⚠️ᴱQ. yaxë¹ n. “steel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. axë “steel”
⚠️ᴱQ. yaxina adj. “of steel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. axína “(of) steel, *like steel”
⚠️ᴱQ. yeraina adj. “of iron”; see instead:
ᴹQ. angaina “of iron”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] yeren n. “pig iron, *ore”
⚠️ᴱQ. yerenwa adj. “like iron”; see instead:
ᴹQ. angaina “of iron”

9.68 Lead

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] canu n. “lead [metal]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] canuina adj. “of lead”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] canuva adj. “leaden”
⚠️ᴱQ. núlë (núli-) n. “lead”; see instead:
ᴺQ. canu “lead [metal]”
Q. núlë “black arts, sorcery”

9.69 Tin, Tin-Plate

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] latúcen n. “tin [metal]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] latucenda adj. “of tin”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sin (sint-) [þ] n. “tin (metal)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. latúcen “tin [metal]”

9.71 Potter

ᴹQ. cemnaro n. “potter”
ᴺQ. !cemnassë n. “earthenware, pottery”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cennassë n. “pottery, ceramic vessel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cemnassë “earthenware, pottery”
⚠️ᴺQ. !centánië n. “ceramics, pottery-craft”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cemnassë “earthenware, pottery”
⚠️ᴹQ. centano n. “potter”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cemnaro “potter”
⚠️ᴱQ. cerë n. “earthenware; earthen jar”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cemnassë “earthenware, pottery”
⚠️ᴱQ. ceres (cerest-) n. “earthenware”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cemnassë “earthenware, pottery”
⚠️ᴱQ. ceresto n. “potter”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cemnaro “potter”
⚠️ᴱQ. cerexa adj. “of earthenware”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cemna “of earth, earthen”

9.74 Glass

Q. calca n. “glass”
ᴺQ. !calcata- v. “to glaze”
ᴺQ. !calcëa adj. “glassy, of glass”
Q. cilin n. “glass [transluscent or reflective]”
ᴺQ. !hencalcat n. “eye-glasses, spectacles”
⚠️ᴹQ. hyellë n. “glass”; see instead:
Q. calca “glass”
⚠️ᴺQ. !imirë n. “crystal”; see instead:
ᴹQ. maril “crystal, ⚠️glass”
⚠️ᴺQ. !imirin adj. “of crystal”; see instead:
ᴹQ. maril “crystal, ⚠️glass”
⚠️ᴱQ. lipil n. “a tiny (fay-)glass”; see instead:
Q. cilinyul “drinking-vessel (made of glass)”
ᴹQ. maril n. “crystal, ⚠️glass”
Q. naltalma [ñ-] n. “heliograph”
Q. silima n. “crystal substance devised by Fëanor”
Q., ᴹQ. silma n. and adj. “crystal (white); [ᴹQ.] silver, shining white”
⚠️ᴱQ. sintl n. “crystal”; see instead:
ᴹQ. maril “crystal, ⚠️glass”
Q. silma “crystal (white); [ᴹQ.] silver, shining white”
⚠️ᴱQ. talcu- v. “to glaze”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !calcata- “to glaze”
⚠️ᴱQ. talquë (talqui-) n. “glass”; see instead:
Q. calca “glass”
⚠️ᴱQ. talquëa adj. “glassy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !calcëa “glassy, of glass”
⚠️ᴱQ. talquina adj. “made of glass”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !calcëa “glassy, of glass”
ᴺQ. !tirma n. “spyglass”
⚠️ᴱQ. vírin n. “glass substance [used to make the Moon]”

9.76 Basket

ᴺQ. !almopocco n. “backpack”
ᴹQ. capsa n. “case, vessel, *container”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] colca n. “box”
ᴺQ. !colcallë n. “phylactery, (lit.) little box”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] poco n. “bag”
ᴺQ. !pocollë n. “pouch”
ᴺQ. !taucolca n. “(wooden) chest”
ᴺQ. !vircolca n. “basket, (lit.) woven-box”

9.81 to Carve

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyas [þ] n. “scratch, score, line, mark”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyas- [þ] v. “to scratch”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rimpë² n. “scratch”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nyas “scratch, score, line, mark”
ᴺQ. rimpë¹ “stripe, strip”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rip- v. “to scratch”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nyas- “to scratch”

9.82 Sculptor

Q. ondomaitar n. “sculptor in stone”
Q. ontamo n. “mason, ⚠️sculptor”

9.83 Statue

ᴺQ. !amboremma n. “bust, (lit.) breast-picture”
ᴺQ. !cantemma n. “shaped image, sculpture”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ondolë n. “(stone) monument or cairn”

9.87 Painting, Picture

ᴺQ. !calatengwë n. “photograph, (lit.) light-writing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !calta n. “picture, photography”; see instead:
Q. emma “picture, *image”
Q. #calta- “to kindle, [ᴹQ.] (cause to) shine, light up, [ᴱQ.] set light to”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cemma n. “picture, (lit.) something seen”; see instead:
Q. emma “picture, *image”
ᴺQ. !em- v. “to depict, portray”
ᴺQ. !embë n. “painting, drawing”
Q. emma n. “picture, *image”
ᴺQ. !emmata- v. “to draw/create (a picture); to photograph”
ᴺQ. !emnotosta n. “framerate, FPS (frames per second)”
ᴺQ. !impanwenen n. “respectively, (lit.) by same arrangement”
ᴺQ. !levemma n. “movie, motion picture”
⚠️ᴺQ. !menemma n. “movie, motion picture”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !levemma “movie, motion picture”
ᴺQ. !noremma n. “map”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nórihalmë n. “map”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !noremma “map”
Q. quantemma n. “facsimile, *(lit.) full-picture”
ᴺQ. !ricci n. “wasp, (lit.) she of sudden moves”
ᴺQ. !tecemma n. “drawn image, drawing, painting”

9.88 Paint

ᴺQ. !emba- v. “to paint, draw (something)”
ᴺQ. !quilma n. “paint”

9.90 Thing

Q. engwë n. “thing [that exists]”
Q. erma n. “(physical) matter”
⚠️Q. hrón n. “matter, substance, flesh; body”; see instead:
Q. hröa “body, bodily form, ⚠️flesh; physical matter”
Q. erma “(physical) matter”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nat n. “thing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] natto (nattu-) n. “affair, matter, ⚠️thing”
Q. tama pron. “that matter”

9.91 Be

ᴺQ. !alermaitë (alermaiti-) adj. “abstract, non-concrete”
⚠️ᴱQ. e-² v. “to be”; see instead:
Q. ëa- “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”
Q., ᴹQ. ëa- v. “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^ëasta n. “existence, being”
⚠️ᴹQ. ëastë n. “being, essence”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ëasta “existence, being”
Q. nassë “nature, true-being, *essence; ⚠️person, individual; material”
ᴹQ. érë n. “existing, existence”
ᴺQ. !ermaitë (ermaiti-) adj. “concrete, material”
ᴺQ. !minassëa adj. “inherent, innate, intrinsic”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ná- v. “to be, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] exist”
Q. nassë n. “nature, true-being, *essence; ⚠️person, individual; material”
⚠️ᴱQ. nasta n. “existence, being, creature”; see instead:
Q. nassë “nature, true-being, *essence; ⚠️person, individual; material”
ᴺQ. ^ëasta “existence, being”
Q. návë n. “being”
⚠️ᴱQ. ó- v. “to be”; see instead:
Q. ëa- “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”
ᴺQ. !sinanwa adj. “present, in a particular place, existing or occurring now”
ᴺQ. !sinanwië n. “presence”
⚠️ᴱQ. sóma n. “state, condition”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tarmë “state, status, condition”
ᴺQ. !tarmë n. “state, status, condition”
⚠️ᴹQ. ye- v. “to be”; see instead:
Q. ëa- “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”
⚠️ᴹQ. yestë n. “being, existence”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ëasta “existence, being”

9.92 Become

⚠️ᴹQ. ol- v. “to become”; see instead:
Q. ola- “to become; [ᴹQ.] to grow (up)”
Q., ᴹQ. ola- v. “to become; [ᴹQ.] to grow (up)”

9.93 Need, Necessity

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] iquis (iquist-) n. “requirement”
ᴺQ. !maura- v. “to need, require”
ᴹQ. maurë n. “need”
Q. #sangië n. “necessity, *pressing need or concern”
Q. turindura adj. “done necessarily”

9.94 Ought, Must

ᴺQ. !möa v. “must (impersonal)”

9.942 Duty

ᴺQ. !nautië n. “obligation, duty”

9.943 Fitting, Suitable

ᴺQ. !camaitë (camaiti-) adj. “suitable, fitting”
⚠️ᴺQ. !camtanë n. “adaptation”; see instead:
✶camta- “to (make) fit, suit, accomodate, adapt”

9.95 Can, May

⚠️ᴱQ. -alca suf. “able to”; see instead:
Q. -itë “adjectival ending; [with verbs] capable of doing, generally (and naturally) doing”
⚠️ᴹQ. #cav- v. “to be able”; see instead:
Q. pol- “can, to be able to”
Q. #cav- “to receive, *accept, ⚠️require, cost”
Q. ec- v. “to have a chance of; may, can”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ima suf. “-able, [ᴹQ.] -ible, able to be done, [ᴱQ.] possible; [with short base vowel] *having a (strong) nature of”
Q., ᴹQ. -itë (-iti-) suf. “adjectival ending; [with verbs] capable of doing, generally (and naturally) doing”
⚠️ᴱQ. lata- v. “to be able to (used of opportunity, permission)”; see instead:
Q. ec- “to have a chance of; may, can”
⚠️ᴱQ. mala-² v. “to be able to (used of capacity, ability)”; see instead:
Q. pol- “can, to be able to”
⚠️ᴱQ. málë n. “ability”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !pollië “hard, strongly”
Q. málë “good health”
⚠️ᴱQ. málëa adj. “able”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !polëa “able”
ᴺQ. !málëa “healthy, healthful”
Q. pol- v. “can, to be able to”
ᴺQ. !polëa adj. “able”
ᴺQ. !polië n. “ability”
ᴺQ. !polta- v. “to (physically) enable”

9.96 Easy

Q. ancárima adj. “easy, (lit.) very doable”
Q. as(a)- [þ] pref. “easily”
Q. asalastë [þ] adj. “easily heard”
ᴺQ. !asamahtë [þ] adj. “simple, (lit.) easily handled”
⚠️Q. asanótë [þ] adj. “*easily counted”
ᴺQ. !ascarë [þ] adj. “easily done”
ᴺQ. !ascárima [þ] adj. “easy [to do]”
ᴺQ. !ascénië [þ] adv. “obviously, *(lit.) easily seen”
Q. ascénima [þ] adj. “visible, easily seen”
ᴺQ. !asquétima [þ] adj. “easy to say”
⚠️Q. hrai(a)² adj. “easy”; see instead:
Q. hrai(a)¹ “difficult, awkward, ⚠️stiff”

9.97 Difficult

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] auqua adj. “awkward, clumsy ⚠️(of things), difficult”
⚠️Q. empollië adv. “*harder”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ampollië “great effort, struggle”
Q. hrai- pref. “hard, *difficult”
Q. hrai(a)¹ adj. “difficult, awkward, ⚠️stiff”
Q. hraicénima adj. “scarcely visible, hard to see”
⚠️Q. hrainotë adj. “*hard to count”
Q. hranga adj. “awkward, difficult, stiff, hard”
ᴺQ. !hrangwë n. “problem, difficulty”
ᴺQ. !linipsinwa adj. “complex, complicated, convoluted; (lit.) many-threaded”
ᴺQ. !linipsinwië n. “complexity, complication, complicatedness; (lit.) many-threadedness”
ᴺQ. !taryassë n. “stiffness, toughness, difficulty”
Q. úcárima adj. “*undoable, unmakeable; ⚠️hard to do, difficult”
Q. urda adj. “difficult, arduous, hard”
⚠️Q. urnótima adj. “*difficult to count”; see instead:
Q. únótima “numberless, innumerable, countless, difficult/impossible to count”
Q. ur(u)- pref. “difficult, hard”
Q. urucárima adj. “hard to make / do”
Q. urucarin adj. “made with difficulty”

9.98 to Try

ᴺQ. !ampollië n. “great effort, struggle”
⚠️ᴺQ. !andavië n. “struggle, strong effort”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ampollië “great effort, struggle”
Q. nev- v. “to try, *seek opportunity, experiment”
Q. #ric-¹ v. “to try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour”
ᴺQ. !ricítë adj. “diligent”
ᴺQ. !rincuma n. “task, charge, mission”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyas- [þ] v. “to test, try [out], pick, choose”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyasta- v. “to (put to the) test, *verify”
ᴺQ. !tyastaima adj. “testable”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tyestima adj. “testable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tyastaima “testable”

9.99 Try

ᴺQ. !nevië n. “experiment”
ᴺQ. !rihta n. “effort”
⚠️ᴺQ. !riquë n. “experiment”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nevië “experiment”

9.992 Way, Manner

Q. lé¹ n. “way, method, manner”
ᴺQ. [Q.] lenga- v. “to behave”
ᴺQ. !lengalë n. “behavior”
ᴺQ. [Q.] lengë n. “gesture, characteristic look, gesture or trait”
ᴺQ. !mailengaitë adj. “well-mannered”
ᴺQ. !saulengaitë adj. “ill-mannered”

9.993 to Happen

ᴺQ. !ecesta n. “opportunity, chance”
⚠️ᴱQ. enget n. “a hap”; see instead:
Q. almë “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”
⚠️ᴹQ. lár- v. “to happen”
ᴺQ. !tullu- v. “to occur, happen (i.e. come in time)”
ᴹQ. tulma n. “event”
ᴺQ. !útulma n. “accident, (lit.) bad-event”
ᴺQ. !(y)otulma n. “coincidence, concurrence, simultaneity, synchronicity”

10. Motion and Transportation

10.11 to Move

⚠️ᴱQ. hatsë n. “headlong movement”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alaco “rush, rushing flight, wild wind”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lev- v. “to move”
ᴺQ. !levë n. “movement, motion”
⚠️ᴺQ. !menesta n. “motion, movement”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !levë “movement, motion”
⚠️ᴱQ. túma adj. “moving”; see instead:
Q. rum- “to shift, move, heave (of large and heavy things)”

10.12 to Turn

⚠️ᴱQ. cere- v. “to turn”; see instead:
Q. quer- “to turn, *revolve”
Q. quer- v. “to turn, *revolve”
ᴺQ. !querda n. “turn (e.g. in a game)”
Q. #querna adj. “*turned”

10.13 to Turn Around

ᴺQ., Q. !nanquer- v. “to turn back, turn around”
Q., ᴹQ. nuquerna adj. “reversed, inverted, *(lit.) under-turned”
⚠️ᴺQ. !pelë n. “revolution”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !querë “revolution (around a point)”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. peltas (peltax-) n. “pivot”; see instead:
Q. peltas “fence of fixed stakes, a ‘pale’”
Q. #queren “pivot, revolving centre”
ᴺQ. !querë n. “revolution (around a point)”
Q. #queren (querend-) n. “pivot, revolving centre”
Q. #ric-² v. “to twist”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rinqua adj. “revolving, returning, recurrent; ⚠️round, circular”
⚠️ᴱQ. riqui- v. “to wrench, twist”; see instead:
Q. #ric-² “to twist”
ᴺQ. !talmacasta adj. “upside down, *topsy-turvy, head over foot”

10.14 to Wind, Wrap

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lap- v. “to wrap, swathe, wind”
⚠️ᴱQ. lingwilla n. “coil, spire”
⚠️ᴱQ. maxë n. “net”; see instead:
Q. raima “net”
⚠️ᴱQ. maxella n. “mesh”; see instead:
Q. rembë “mesh; net (for catching), hunter’s or fisher’s net”
⚠️ᴱQ. maxeta- v. “to enmesh”; see instead:
Q. remba- “to net, entrap”
ᴹQ. natsë n. “web, net[work]”
Q. raima n. “net”
Q. raina¹ adj. “netted, enlaced; caught in a net”
Q. raita-¹ v. “to make network or lace; to catch in a net”
Q. remba- v. “to net, entrap”
Q. rembë n. “mesh; net (for catching), hunter’s or fisher’s net”
Q. rembina adj. “entangled; meshed, netted, woven”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vaita- v. “to enfold, [ᴱQ.] wrap”
ᴹQ. vai(y)a n. “envelope”

10.15 to Roll

⚠️ᴱQ. conta- v. “to roll up, roll, pack”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^corta- “to roll (up), pack”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^corta- v. “to roll (up), pack”
ᴺQ. !pelta- v. “to roll”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolu- v. “to roll up, furl”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^corta- “to roll (up), pack”
ᴹQ. tolu- “to stand up, get up, leave one’s seat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] velu- v. “to unroll, unfurl”

10.21 to Rise

⚠️ᴹQ. chus- v. “to come up, emerge”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ef- “to emerge (especially from water)”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ef- v. “to emerge (especially from water)”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. órë n. “rising, *rise; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dawn, Sunrise, East”
ᴺQ. !orina adj. “risen”
Q. #ormo n. “riser”
⚠️ᴱQ. oro- v. “to rise”; see instead:
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”
⚠️ᴹQ. ororia- v. “to keep on rising (and falling)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] orosta n. “ascension”
⚠️ᴹQ. orro- v. “to rise (from ground)”; see instead:
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. orta-² v. “to rise”; see instead:
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”
Q., ᴹQ. orya-¹ v. “to rise”
Q. oryandë n. “arising”
ᴺQ. !ret- v. “to climb”
Q. retto n. “*climber”
⚠️ᴱQ. róna- v. “to arise, rise, ascend”; see instead:
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”
⚠️ᴱQ. rosta- v. “*to rise”; see instead:
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”

10.22 to Lift, Raise

Q. #amorta- v. “to heave”
⚠️ᴱQ. amu- v. “to raise”; see instead:
Q. orta-¹ “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise”
Q., ᴹQ. orta-¹ v. “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise”
⚠️ᴹQ. ortalima adj. “able to be raised”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ortima “able to be raised”
⚠️ᴹQ. ortarë n. “lifting up”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ortië “lifting up, raising”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^ortië n. “lifting up, raising”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^ortima adj. “able to be raised”
⚠️ᴱQ. orto- v. “to raise”; see instead:
Q. orta-¹ “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise”
⚠️Q. orya-² v. “*to raise”; see instead:
Q. orta-¹ “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise”
⚠️ᴱQ. qualumë² adj. “heaving”

10.225 to Hang, Dangle

⚠️ᴱQ. †cinca- v. “to hang (intr.)”; see instead:
Q. *linga- “[ᴹQ.] to hang, dangle”
⚠️ᴱQ. cincata- v. “to hang (tr.)”; see instead:
Q. *linga- “[ᴹQ.] to hang, dangle”
Q., ᴹQ. *linga- v. “[ᴹQ.] to hang, dangle”
⚠️ᴱQ. pipte- v. “to fall (of folds or clusters), hang, trail”; see instead:
Q. *linga- “[ᴹQ.] to hang, dangle”

10.23 to Fall

ᴺQ. !andatya- v. “to plummet, drop swiftly”
Q. atalantë n. “collapse, downfall”
Q. atalantëa adj. “ruinous, downfallen”
ᴹQ. atalta- v. “to collapse, fall in, fall down, slip down in ruin”
⚠️ᴹQ. ataltarë n. “collapse”; see instead:
Q. atalantë “collapse, downfall”
⚠️ᴱQ. iltanca adj. “unsteady”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lanta n. and adj. “fall; falling, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] fallen”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lanta- v. “to fall; [ᴱQ.] to drop”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lantanwa adj. “*fallen”
Q. #lantë n. “fall”
⚠️ᴱQ. númeta- v. “to get low (of the Sun), go down in the west”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. núta- v. “to lower; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to set, sink (of Sun or Moon); [ᴱQ.] to stoop”
Q. nútaitë (nútaiti-) adj. “*(naturally) lowering, ?degrading”
Q. nútima adj. “*lowerable”
Q. núya- v. “to descend, *come down, set (of the sun)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. talta adj. “tottering, unsteady, [ᴱQ.] shaky, wobbling; [ᴹQ.] sloping, tilted, leaning, [ᴱQ.] slanting”
Q., ᴹQ. talta- v. “to slip, slide down, collapse, fall, [ᴹQ.] slip down, ⚠️slope”
ᴺQ. !tatalta- n. “to totter, keep on slipping”
⚠️ᴱQ. tilt- v. “to make slope, incline (tr.), decline, shake at foundations, make totter”; see instead:
Q. talta- “to slip, slide down, collapse, fall, [ᴹQ.] slip down, ⚠️slope”
ᴹQ. unta- v. “to descend [below a surface], *sink, stoop”

10.24 to Drop

ᴺQ. !hwat- v. “to spill”
ᴺQ. !lilíva- v. “to (continuously) drip, drip-drop”
ᴹQ. limba n. “drop”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lipta- v. “to drip”
⚠️ᴱQ. lipte- v. “to drip”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lipta- “to drip”
⚠️ᴱQ. litl n. “tiny drop”; see instead:
ᴹQ. limba “drop”

10.25 to Throw

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. hat- v. “[ᴱQ.] to hurl, fling, *throw”
ᴺQ. !hatar n. “thrower (of spears and darts)”
ᴺQ. !hatta n. “missile”
ᴺQ. !nanhat- v. “to cast back, reflect”
⚠️ᴹQ. #rip- v. “to hurl”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hat- “[ᴱQ.] to hurl, fling, *throw”

10.26 to Shake

⚠️ᴺQ. !alapálima adj. “unshakable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quas- “to shake, flap, nod, ⚠️rustle”
ᴺQ. !ir- v. “to shudder”
⚠️ᴱQ. pal- v. “to shake”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quas- “to shake, flap, nod, ⚠️rustle”
√PAL “wide, broad, extended; [ᴹ√] wide (open); [ᴱ√] flatness”
⚠️ᴱQ. palmë n. “shaking”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pampilë n. “trembling”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pampilëa adj. “tremulous”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pampinë n. “tremor, [minor] earthquake”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pap- v. “to tremble”
⚠️ᴱQ. quap- v. “to throb, flutter”
⚠️ᴱQ. quapta-² v. “to flap”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quas- “to shake, flap, nod, ⚠️rustle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quas- [þ] v. “to shake, flap, nod, ⚠️rustle”
ᴺQ. !quequer- v. “to wag”

10.31 to Boil (intr.)

⚠️ᴱQ. pumpo n. “bubble; bladder; blister”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^velvë “bubble”
⚠️ᴱQ. pumpolë n. “bubble; merboy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^velvë “bubble”
⚠️ᴱQ. pus (pust-) n. “boil”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^vel-¹ v. “to boil, bubble”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^velva adj. “boiling, bubbling”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^velvë n. “bubble”
⚠️ᴱQ. welba adj. “boiling, bubbling”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^velva “boiling, bubbling”
⚠️ᴱQ. welbë n. “bubble”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^velvë “bubble”
⚠️ᴱQ. wele- v. “to boil, bubble”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^vel-¹ “to boil, bubble”

10.32 to Flow

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] celeta n. “trickle”
Q. celima adj. “fluent, *able to flow freely”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. celu- v. “to (begin to) flow, spring forth (of water)”
Q. celundë n. “welling forth”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^celusta n. “outflow”
⚠️ᴹQ. celustë n. “outflow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^celusta “outflow”
⚠️ᴱQ. linya- v. “to run or flow smoothly”; see instead:
Q. sirya- “to flow [smoothly]”
Q. luimë n. “flood, floodwater; flood tide, high tide; ⚠️flooded land”
Q. luita- v. “to flood, drench, ⚠️inundate”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúto n. “flood”; see instead:
Q. luimë “flood, floodwater; flood tide, high tide; ⚠️flooded land”
Q. nanwë n. “ebb, lowtide”
Q. oloirë n. “great flood”
Q. oloiya- v. “to inundate, flood”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sir- v. “to flow”
ᴹQ. sirëa adj. “flowing, liquid”
⚠️ᴱQ. sírima adj. “liquid, flowing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sirëa “flowing, liquid”
ᴺQ. !sirma n. “liquid, (lit.) flowing substance”
Q., ᴹQ. sirya- v. “to flow [smoothly]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sóla n. “tide”
ᴺQ. !suhta- v. “to drain”
ᴹQ. ulundë n. “flood, *downpour”

10.33 to Sink

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] sumba- v. “to submerge”
⚠️ᴱQ. sunqua adj. “going down, descending; abysmal, deep, profound”; see instead:
Q. andú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
⚠️ᴱQ. sunquë n. “going-down, descent, down-fall; abyss, depth”; see instead:
Q. andú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
⚠️ᴱQ. sunquelaina adj. “falling, fading, setting”; see instead:
Q. andú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
⚠️ᴱQ. sunquelë n. “sinking, falling, setting of heavenly bodies”; see instead:
Q. andú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
⚠️ᴱQ. sunquelëa adj. “westering, setting”; see instead:
Q. andú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
⚠️ᴱQ. suqu- v. “to fall, fail, go down, die down”; see instead:
Q. lanta- “to fall; [ᴱQ.] to drop”
Q. núya- “to descend, *come down, set (of the sun)”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] suv- v. “to sink (esp. in water)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tum- v. “to dive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tumba- “to cast down (into depths); *to dive; (orig.) to go or cause to go deep, endeepen”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] tumba- v. “to cast down (into depths); *to dive; (orig.) to go or cause to go deep, endeepen”
Q. undulav- v. “to swallow, *engulf; (lit.) lick down; ⚠️drown, submerge”

10.34 to Float

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lut- v. “to float, sail, *swim, ⚠️flow”

10.36 to Sail

ᴹQ. ciryasta- v. “to sail [a ship], *make a ship go”
ᴺQ. !(lu)lútië n. “cruise, (lit.) floating/sailing about”
⚠️ᴱQ. salta- v. “to sail”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ciryasta- “to sail [a ship], *make a ship go”

10.37 to Fly

ᴺQ. !amavil- v. “to fly up, soar”
ᴺQ. !andormen n. “landing pad, landing strip”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ramya- v. “to fly, sail; to wander”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vil- “to fly, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] float, sail”
ᴹQ. ciryasta- “to sail [a ship], *make a ship go”
ᴹQ. ranya- “to stray, *wander”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vil- [w] v. “to fly, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] float, sail”
ᴺQ. !vilcirya n. “airplane”
ᴺQ. !villuntë n. “airship, zeppelin, blimp”
ᴺQ. !vilma n. “aircraft [general term]”
ᴺQ. !vilmen n. “airport, airfield, airdrome”
Q. vilva [w] adj. “fluttering to and fro”
ᴺQ. !vilyalondë n. “(official) airport for passengers”

10.38 to Blow

Q. etsurya- [þ] v. “to go out, *blow out”
Q. hlapu- v. “to blow, fly or stream in the wind”
ᴹQ. hwesta- v. “to puff”
⚠️ᴱQ. pus- v. “to puff, snort”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hwesta- “to puff”
⚠️ᴱQ. pusilla n. “puff, whiff, breeze”; see instead:
Q. sussë “puff (of air)”
⚠️ᴱQ. pussë n. “puff”; see instead:
Q. sussë “puff (of air)”
⚠️ᴱQ. #pusta- v. “to blow”; see instead:
Q. hlapu- “to blow, fly or stream in the wind”
ᴹQ. pusta- “to stop, put a stop to, cease”
⚠️ᴱQ. pusulpë n. “gas-bag, balloon”
⚠️ᴱQ. pusulta- v. “to puff out with one’s breath”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hwesta- “to puff”
⚠️ᴱQ. sur- v. “to blow”; see instead:
Q. surya- “to blow (intr.)”
Q. surya- [þ] v. “to blow (intr.)”
Q. sussë [þ-] n. “puff (of air)”
Q. susta- [þ] v. “to blow (tr.)”
⚠️Q. súta- [þ] v. “to blow (tr.)”; see instead:
Q. susta- “to blow (tr.)”
⚠️Q. váya- v. “to blow”

10.41 to Creep, Crawl

ᴹQ. hlic- v. “to creep, *sneak”
ᴺQ. !lolóca- v. “to crawl”

10.42 to Slip, Slide

ᴺQ. !hlimba n. “sled”
ᴺQ. !hlimbon n. “sleigh”
ᴺQ. !lic- v. “to glide, slip, slide, ⚠️drip”
ᴺQ. !linca n. “ski”
ᴺQ. !linca- v. “to ski”

10.43 to Jump, Leap

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cap- v. “to leap, [ᴱQ.] jump”
⚠️ᴱQ. capta-² v. “to leap”; see instead:
ᴺQ. capta- “to make spring, scatter; [ᴱQ.] to startle, ⚠️leap”
ᴹQ. cap- “to leap, [ᴱQ.] jump”
⚠️ᴱQ. halta- v. “to leap”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cap- “to leap, [ᴱQ.] jump”
⚠️ᴱQ. hampa- v. “to hop”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lapa- “to hop”
ᴺQ. !lapa- v. “to hop”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tanta- v. “to bounce, bound, rebound”
⚠️ᴱQ. tantila- v. “to hop”
⚠️ᴱQ. tantya- v. “to set bouncing”

10.432 Leaping

ᴺQ. !capaitë adj. “leaping, bounding”
⚠️ᴱQ. capalima adj. “bounding, leaping”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !capaitë “leaping, bounding”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] capanda n. “jump”
⚠️ᴱQ. haloitë adj. “leaping”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !capaitë “leaping, bounding”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tantara adj. “bouncing, resilient”

10.44 to Dance

⚠️ᴱQ. lilt- v. “to dance”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lilta- “to dance”
⚠️ᴱQ. lilt n. “dance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^liltë “dance”
ᴹQ. lilta- v. “to dance”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^liltë n. “dance”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] liltië n. “dancing, ⚠️dance”
Q. pirucendëa adj. “on the point of her toes”
Q. ruxöalë n. “Great Bear-dance”
⚠️ᴱQ. tanta-² v. “to dance (tr.), dandle, wave”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lilta- “to dance”
⚠️ᴱQ. tantarë n. “dance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^liltë “dance”

10.45 to Walk

ᴺQ. !etevatta- v. “to trample out”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lopeta- v. “to amble, ⚠️lop”
ᴺQ. !pat n. “step”
ᴺQ. !pat- v. “to step, take a (single) step”
Q., ᴱQ. pata- v. “to walk, *stroll; [ᴱQ.] to rap, tap (of feet)”
ᴺQ. !patu- v. “to step to it, start off, start walking”
⚠️ᴱQ. ramba- v. “to walk”
Q. #telconta- v. “to stride, *(lit.) to leg it”
ᴺQ. !tervanta- v. “to traverse”
ᴹQ. vanta n. “walk, *hike, march”
ᴹQ. vanta- v. “to walk, *trudge, trek”
ᴺQ. !vatta- v. “to trample”

10.46 to Run

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lop- v. “to run (of animals), gallop, *lope”
⚠️ᴱQ. loquo- v. “to run (of human beings)”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nonóra- v. “to run on, run smoothly and hum, *keep on running (especially of machines)”
Q. nor-¹ v. “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
Q. norië n. “running, ⚠️race”
Q. norima adj. “strong/swift at running, swiftly running a course”
Q. normë n. “race, ⚠️running”
⚠️ᴱQ. nornoro- v. “to run on, run smoothly and hum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nonóra- “to run on, run smoothly and hum, *keep on running (especially of machines)”
Q. noroitë (noroiti-) adj. “(capable of) running”
Q. norolinda adj. “*tripping lightly”
⚠️ᴱQ. norolindë adj. “tripping lightly”; see instead:
Q. norolinda “*tripping lightly”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyoro- v. “to run”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
⚠️ᴱQ. pelte- v. “to run”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
⚠️ᴹQ. rohta- v. “?to run on foot”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yur- v. “to run”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
⚠️ᴱQ. yuro n. “a run, race”; see instead:
Q. normë “race, ⚠️running”
⚠️ᴱQ. yuru- v. “to run”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”

10.47 to Go

⚠️ᴱQ. ere-² v. “to go”; see instead:
Q. men- “to go, proceed, move (in some direction); to come [when moving to a destination], arrive [+ locative]”
ᴺQ. !etelelya- v. “to go into exile, go out”
ᴺQ. !etemen- v. “to go out, go forth”
⚠️ᴱQ. inta- v. “to go (indefinite), fare, proceed”
ᴺQ. !lelelya- v. “to go on travelling, keep travelling”
Q. lelya-¹ v. “to travel, go, proceed (in any direction)”
Q. lenda n. “journey, *travel, trip”
⚠️Q. lenda- v. “to go free”; see instead:
Q. lelya-¹ “to travel, go, proceed (in any direction)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lendë n. “journey”; see instead:
Q. lenda “journey, *travel, trip”
ᴺQ. !lendië n. “tourism, *traveling”
⚠️ᴹQ. lesto (lestu-) n. “journey”; see instead:
Q. lenda “journey, *travel, trip”
Q. lomentië n. “?away-journey, departure”
Q. men- v. “to go, proceed, move (in some direction); to come [when moving to a destination], arrive [+ locative]”
ᴹQ. mena- v. “to be making for, be on way to”
Q. mentië n. “passage, journey, direction of travel”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rata- v. “to make a way, find a way”; see instead:
Q. ráta- “to excel, surpass”
⚠️ᴱQ. tie- v. “to go”; see instead:
Q. men- “to go, proceed, move (in some direction); to come [when moving to a destination], arrive [+ locative]”
⚠️Q. tinga- v. “to go (for a long while)”; see instead:
Q. men- “to go, proceed, move (in some direction); to come [when moving to a destination], arrive [+ locative]”
ᴹQ. tinga- “to twang”

10.48 to Come

ᴹQ. #ettul- v. “*to come forth, come out, issue”
Q. hótul- v. “to come away (to leave a place and go to another)”
⚠️ᴱQ. *lé- v. “to come, be sent, approach”; see instead:
Q. tul- “to come, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. #lenna- v. “to come; [ᴹQ.] to go, depart”; see instead:
Q. tul- “to come, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
Q. lelya-¹ “to travel, go, proceed (in any direction)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tul- v. “to come, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. túlima adj. “*able to come”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tuluitë “*able to come”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^tuluitë adj. “*able to come”
Q., ᴹQ. tutulla- v. “to keep on coming (and going)”

10.49 to Depart, Go Away

⚠️ᴹQ. apsa- v. “to go away”; see instead:
Q. apta- “to refuse, deny, say nay”
Q. auta-¹ “to go (away), depart, leave; [variant: vanya-] to pass away, disappear, be lost”
Q., ᴹQ. auta-¹ v. “to go (away), depart, leave; [variant: vanya-] to pass away, disappear, be lost”
ᴺQ. !autaila adj. “going away, passing away”
⚠️ᴱQ. #ava- v. “to depart”; see instead:
Q. auta-¹ “to go (away), depart, leave; [variant: vanya-] to pass away, disappear, be lost”
⚠️Q. ava-³ v. “to depart, go away, disappear, be lost”; see instead:
Q. auta-¹ “to go (away), depart, leave; [variant: vanya-] to pass away, disappear, be lost”
⚠️ᴱQ. avandë interj. “get hence!”; see instead:
Q. heca “be gone!, stand aside!”
⚠️ᴱQ. avanwa adj. “going, passing, nearly gone”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !autaila “going away, passing away”
Q. avanwa “refused, forbidden, banned”
Q. heca interj. “be gone!, stand aside!”
Q. lenwë n. “leaving, departure”
Q. lenweta- v. “to go away, migrate, leave one’s abode”
⚠️ᴹQ. lesta- v. “to leave”; see instead:
Q. auta-¹ “to go (away), depart, leave; [variant: vanya-] to pass away, disappear, be lost”
ᴺQ. !lóya- v. “to leave (from something: a place, a thing)”
⚠️ᴱQ. vana- v. “to pass, depart, vanish, go away”; see instead:
Q. auta-¹ “to go (away), depart, leave; [variant: vanya-] to pass away, disappear, be lost”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vanwa adj. “gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, [ᴹQ.] gone for good; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] on the road”
Q., ᴹQ. vanya- v. “to pass [away], *be lost, [ᴹQ.] disappear; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] go, depart”

10.50 to Fade

Q. fifíru- v. “to slowly fade away”
⚠️ᴱQ. #hista- v. “to fade”; see instead:
Q. fifíru- “to slowly fade away”
⚠️ᴱQ. minda- v. “to diminish, fade, lessen, vanish”; see instead:
Q. #pic- “to lessen, dwindle, wane”
⚠️ᴱQ. minga adj. “waning”; see instead:
Q. #pic- “to lessen, dwindle, wane”
Q. #pic- v. “to lessen, dwindle, wane”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #quel- v. “to fade; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] †to fail; [ᴱQ.] to perish”
⚠️ᴹQ. quelesta n. “dying, fading”; see instead:
Q. #quelië “*fading”
Q., ᴹQ. #quelië n. “*fading”
ᴹQ. sinta- [þ] v. “to fade, *(lit.) become grey”
⚠️ᴹQ. vinda- v. “to fade”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sinta- “to fade, *(lit.) become grey”

10.51 to Flee

ᴺQ. !lerca- v. “to flee”
ᴺQ. !lercië n. “flight, fleeing”

10.52 to Follow

ᴺQ. !hilië n. “following (act of)”
ᴺQ. !hilista n. “following (situation), succession, continuation”
ᴺQ. !hilistas adv. “in turn”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hilmë² n. “following (act of)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hilië “following (act of)”
ᴹQ. hilya- v. “to follow”
ᴹQ. neuro n. “follower, successor”

10.53 to Pursue

ᴹQ. alfárima adj. “impossible to pursue”
⚠️ᴱQ. rawa- v. “to run, chase”; see instead:
Q. nor-¹ “to run (of animals or men); ⚠️to leap”
ᴹQ. roita- “to pursue, *chase”
ᴹQ. roita- v. “to pursue, *chase”

10.54 to Overtake

ᴺQ. !at- v. “to catch, capture”
⚠️ᴱQ. lac (laqu-) n. “snare”; see instead:
Q. remma “snare, *trap”
ᴹQ. neuma “snare, *noose”
⚠️ᴱQ. laqua- v. “to catch, seize, snare”; see instead:
Q. raf- “[ᴹQ.] to snatch, seize; ⚠️to wave, brandish”
Q. #rem- “to snare, *entangle, trap”
ᴹQ. mapa- “to grasp, seize, [ᴱQ.] take; ⚠️to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly”
ᴹQ. neuma n. “snare, *noose”
Q. #rem- v. “to snare, *entangle, trap”
Q. remma n. “snare, *trap”

10.55 to Reach, Arrive

Q. anya- v. “to reach, arrive at, go to; *to manage, succeed (at something) + infinitive”
ᴺQ. !anyaitië n. “range, reach, distance of capability”
⚠️Q. ten- v. “to arrive, come to”; see instead:
Q. anya- “to reach, arrive at, go to; *to manage, succeed (at something) + infinitive”
Q. tenta- “to point (to/out), indicate; to direct toward, be directed toward; to go forth towards (with object)”
⚠️Q. †tenya- v. “to arrive, end (not at speaker’s[?] place)”; see instead:
Q. anya- “to reach, arrive at, go to; *to manage, succeed (at something) + infinitive”
Q. tulusta n. “advent, arrival”
⚠️ᴹQ. tulustë n. “arrival”; see instead:
Q. tulusta “advent, arrival”

10.56 to Approach

ᴺQ. !analelya- v. “to approach”
Q. úva- v. “to impend, be imminent, draw near [usually negative in sense]”

10.57 to Enter

⚠️ᴱQ. elte- v. “to thrust in, drive [in]”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ter- “to pierce”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mitta- v. “to insert; [ᴹQ.] to come in, [ᴱQ.] enter (intr.)”
Q. #mittar(ë) n. “*entering, entrance”
⚠️ᴱQ. pen prep. “through”; see instead:
Q. ter “through”
⚠️ᴱQ. perma n. “passage; pass, aperture”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^terma “passage, aperture, ⚠️pass”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ter prep. “through”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^terma n. “passage, aperture, ⚠️pass”

10.61 to Bear, Carry

Q. #col- v. “to bear, *carry, wear”
Q. #colindo n. “bearer”
Q. colla adj. “borne, worn; ⚠️vestment, cloak”
Q. coloitë (coloiti-) adj. “capable of bearing, tolerant (of), enduring”
Q. coloitië n. “endurance, staunchness, fortitude”
⚠️ᴱQ. tala- v. “to carry, bring; to weigh (intr.)”; see instead:
Q. #col- “to bear, *carry, wear”
Q. tulya- “*to lead; to fetch; [ᴱQ.] to bring, ⚠️send”
⚠️ᴱQ. yulu- v. “to carry”; see instead:
Q. #col- “to bear, *carry, wear”
Q. yul- “to drink”

10.62 to Bring

ᴺQ. !autulya- v. “to deport, (lit.) bring away”
ᴺQ. !autulyalë n. “deportation”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulalca adj. “able to bring”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tulyaitë “able to bring”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulinya adj. “(bringable) worth bringing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tulyaima “bringable, able to be brought”
Q., ᴱQ. tulya- v. “*to lead; to fetch; [ᴱQ.] to bring, ⚠️send”
ᴺQ. !tulyaima adj. “bringable, able to be brought”
ᴺQ. !tulyaitë adj. “able to bring”
Q. tulyandë n. “[process of] fetching”

10.63 to Send

ᴺQ. !atamenta- v. “to transmit”
ᴺQ. !atamentië n. “transmission”
⚠️ᴱQ. esta- v. “to send”; see instead:
Q. menta-¹ “to send, cause to go (in a desired direction)”
ᴹQ. esta-¹ “to name”
ᴺQ. !etementa- v. “to banish, send out, (lit.) out-send”
Q. #lelta- v. “to send, *(lit.) cause to go”
Q. #menta n. “sending, message”
Q. menta-¹ v. “to send, cause to go (in a desired direction)”

10.64 to Lead

Q. mittanya- v. “*to lead (into), induce”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tulyando n. “leader”; see instead:
Q. cáno “commander, chief(tain), ruler, governor; †crier, herald”

10.645 to Wander, Stray

ᴹQ. mista- v. “to stray about”
ᴺQ. !mistana adj. “stray”
⚠️ᴱQ. palava- v. “to stray, wander”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ranya- “to stray, *wander”
⚠️ᴱQ. paláva adj. “wandering”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ranyaila “wandering”
⚠️ᴱQ. palwa- v. “to make wander”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ranya- “to stray, *wander”
ᴹQ. ránë n. “straying, wandering”
ᴹQ. ránen adj. “errant, *roving”
Q., ᴹQ. ranya n. “erratic wandering; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] free”
ᴹQ. ranya- v. “to stray, *wander”
ᴺQ. !ranyaila adj. “wandering”
ᴺQ. !ranyar n. “wanderer”
ᴺQ. !tenwa n. “compass”

10.65 to Drive

⚠️ᴱQ. #ele- v. “to drive; to come”; see instead:
Q. nir- “to press, urge, thrust, force (in a given direction); *to impose [with allative]”
Q. tul- “to come, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”

10.66 to Ride

⚠️ᴱQ. lehesta n. “ride, riding, raid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nortasta “ride”
⚠️ᴱQ. lehta- v. “to ride, move (tr.)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lehta- “to loose, slacken”
Q. norta- “to ride, [lit.] make run (specially used of riding horses or other animals)”
Q. norta- v. “to ride, [lit.] make run (specially used of riding horses or other animals)”
ᴺQ. !nortasta n. “ride”
Q. roquen n. “horseman, rider; knight”

10.67 to Push, Shove

⚠️ᴱQ. elta n. “a thrust”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nista “thrust, push, shove”
Q. nir- v. “to press, urge, thrust, force (in a given direction); *to impose [with allative]”
Q. nírë n. “force”
Q. nírítë adj. “forceful, exerting great thrust or pressure, driving”
ᴺQ. !nista n. “thrust, push, shove”
Q. rum- v. “to shift, move, heave (of large and heavy things)”

10.71 Road

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aldeon (aldeond-) n. “avenue (of trees)”
ᴺQ. !ómen n. “crossroads”
⚠️ᴱQ. vasta n. “road”; see instead:
ᴹQ. mallë “street, (made or stone) road”

10.72 Path

Q., ᴹQ. men n. “way, *direction; [ᴹQ.] place, spot [only in compounds]”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ranta n. “course”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rata n. “path, track”; see instead:
Q. ratta “track”
Q. ratta n. “track”
⚠️ᴱQ. raumë n. “running, course”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ranta “course”
Q. norië “running, ⚠️race”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tië n. “path, road, way, line, [ᴹQ.] course, direction, [ᴱQ.] route”
⚠️ᴱQ. #van (vand-) n. “way, path”; see instead:
Q. tië “path, road, way, line, [ᴹQ.] course, direction, [ᴱQ.] route”
ᴹQ. ván “goose”
ᴺQ. !vata n. “beaten track, pathway”

10.73 Street

ᴺQ. !aramallë n. “side-street”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mallë n. “street, (made or stone) road”
ᴺQ. !quermen n. “a turning, turn, corner (of a street)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ratta n. “street; course, river-bed”; see instead:
Q. ratta “track”
ᴹQ. mallë “street, (made or stone) road”

10.74 Bridge

⚠️ᴱQ. penda¹ n. “bridge”; see instead:
Q. yanta “bridge”
⚠️ᴱQ. ranta¹ n. “arch, bridge”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cúnë “crescent, arch, ⚠️bow”
Q. yanta “bridge”
⚠️ᴱQ. sarapenda n. “wood-bridge”; see instead:
Q. yanta “bridge”
Q., ᴹQ. yanta n. “bridge”

10.75 Cart, Wagon, Carriage

ᴺQ. !angaraxa n. “train”
ᴺQ. !angatië n. “railway line, railroad track, (lit.) iron-road”
ᴺQ. !ataquer n. “bike, bicycle”
ᴺQ. !immenwa n. “automobile”
ᴺQ. !lávehentar n. “ticket inspector, (lit.) permission examiner”
ᴺQ. !lelyalávë n. “ticket, (lit.) travel-permission”
ᴺQ. !lieraxa n. “a bus, coach, (lit.) people wagon”
Q. lunca n. “heavy transport wain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] norollë n. “cart”
Q. ondolunca n. “stonewain”
ᴺQ. !putil n. “brake (pedal), the element of a vehicle used to activate the braking mechanism”
ᴺQ. !rattaraxa n. “tram, (lit.) track-wagon”
Q. raxa n. “wain, *wagon”
⚠️ᴺQ. !raxasta n. “train”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !angaraxa “train”

10.76 Wheel

Q. querma n. “spinning wheel, turn-table, *wheel”
⚠️ᴱQ. quirin n. “wheel”; see instead:
Q. querma “spinning wheel, turn-table, *wheel”

10.78 Yoke

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. yalta n. “yoke”
⚠️ᴹQ. yanta² n. “yoke”; see instead:
Q. yanta “bridge”
ᴺQ. yalta “yoke”
⚠️ᴱQ. yarta n. “yoke”; see instead:
ᴺQ. yalta “yoke”

10.81 Ship

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cirya¹ n. “(sharp-prowed) ship, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] boat; [Q.] swift gliding”
ᴹQ. ciryahto n. “shipwright, *[subordinate] ship-crafter”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ciryassëa adj. “*ship-board, on-board, [ᴱQ.] what is on board ship”
ᴺQ. !ciryasta n. “fleet (of ships)”
ᴺQ. !(cirya)talan n. “deck (of a ship), main deck”
Q. ciryatan (*ciryatam-) n. “shipbuilder, shipwright”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] marcirya n. “ark”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vëacirya n. “sea-ship, *ocean-going ship”

10.82 Sailor

Q. ciryamo n. “mariner”
Q. ciryando n. “sailor”
Q. ciryaquen n. “shipman, sailor”
Q. ëarendur n. “(professional) mariner”
⚠️ᴹQ. †vainar n. “sailor”; see instead:
Q. ciryaquen “shipman, sailor”
⚠️ᴹQ. vëaner² (vëanér-) n. “sailor”; see instead:
Q. ciryaquen “shipman, sailor”
⚠️ᴱQ. veniel n. “mariner”; see instead:
Q. ciryamo “mariner”
⚠️ᴱQ. yarendila adj. “like a sailor”; see instead:
Q. ëarendur “(professional) mariner”
⚠️ᴱQ. yarendilyon n. “sailor”; see instead:
Q. ëarendur “(professional) mariner”

10.83 Boat

ᴺQ. !angulóceluntë n. “dragon boat”
ᴺQ. !luntala n. “euphony”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. luntë n. “boat, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] ship”

10.84 Raft

ᴺQ. !luttalan (luttalam-) n. “raft, (lit.) floating platform”

10.85 Oar

ᴺQ. !palma¹ n. “oar, [orig.] flat tool, flat plank”

10.86 Rudder

ᴺQ. !tulla n. “rudder”

10.87 Mast

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tyulma n. “mast”

10.88 Sail

ᴺQ. !súlendil n. “kite, (lit.) friend of the wind”
⚠️ᴱQ. tala² n. “sail”; see instead:
ᴺQ. veluntë “sail”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] veluntë n. “sail”

10.89 Anchor

ᴺQ. !ciryampa n. “anchor, (lit.) boat-hook”

10.90 Port, Harbor

ᴺQ. !andorië n. “landing (place), dock”
ᴺQ. !andorya- v. “to land, dock”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ciryapanda n. “haven, (lit.) ship-enclosure”; see instead:
Q. londë “(land-locked) haven; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf”
ᴹQ. hopassë n. “harbourage”
Q., ᴹQ. londë n. “(land-locked) haven; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf”
Q. #londië n. “harbourage”

11. Possession and Trade

11.11 to Have

Q., ᴹQ. #harya- v. “to have, *hold, [ᴹQ.] possess”
⚠️ᴺQ. !inyenna adv. “have, (lit.) [added] to me”; see instead:
Q. #sam- “to have”
⚠️Q. mai-² v. “to have, possess”; see instead:
Q. #sam- “to have”
Q. #harya- “to have, *hold, [ᴹQ.] possess”
Q. #sam- v. “to have”

11.12 to Own, Possess

ᴹQ. arwa adj. and suf. “possessing, having, in control of”
Q. auvië n. “possession (abstract), *the act of possessing”
ᴺQ. !harno n. “possessor”
⚠️ᴱQ. mactë² (maxi-) n. “hold, grip, power, possession”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mahtë “hold, grip, *grasp; ⚠️power, possession”
⚠️ᴱQ. milc(i)- v. “to possess, have, keep”; see instead:
Q. #harya- “to have, *hold, [ᴹQ.] possess”
Q. #sam- “to have”
Q. öa- v. “to possess, own, keep”
ᴺQ. !öamo n. “owner”
⚠️ᴱQ. #yaim- v. “to possess”; see instead:
Q. #harya- “to have, *hold, [ᴹQ.] possess”

11.13 to Take

ᴺQ. !aucol- v. “to remove, (lit.) bear away”
ᴺQ. !haita- v. “to remove, (lit.) make distant”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lep- v. “to take [with fingers], *pick, pluck”
ᴺQ. !nap- v. “to take (hold), pick up, grasp (with fingers)”
Q. nehta- v. “to deprive”
⚠️ᴹQ. ruc- v. “to pluck”; see instead:
Q. #ruc- “to feel fear or horror; *to flee (to)”
ᴺQ. lep- “to take [with fingers], *pick, pluck”

11.14 to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of

⚠️ᴱQ. #aqua- v. “to seize”; see instead:
Q. raf- “[ᴹQ.] to snatch, seize; ⚠️to wave, brandish”
ᴹQ. mapa- “to grasp, seize, [ᴱQ.] take; ⚠️to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mahtë n. “hold, grip, *grasp; ⚠️power, possession”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mapa- v. “to grasp, seize, [ᴱQ.] take; ⚠️to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly”
Q., ᴹQ. raf- v. “[ᴹQ.] to snatch, seize; ⚠️to wave, brandish”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rapa- v. “to snatch”; see instead:
Q. raf- “[ᴹQ.] to snatch, seize; ⚠️to wave, brandish”

11.15 to Hold

ᴺQ. !camya- v. “to contain, hold”
⚠️ᴱQ. culp- v. “to contain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vainë n. “sheath, pod”
⚠️ᴱQ. yava-² v. “to hold”

11.16 to Get, Obtain

⚠️Q. #cam- v. “to receive”; see instead:
Q. #cav- “to receive, *accept, ⚠️require, cost”
Q. #cav- v. “to receive, *accept, ⚠️require, cost”
ᴺQ. !cávima adj. “acceptable”
⚠️ᴺQ. !maicámima adj. “acceptable, (lit.) well-receivable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cávima “acceptable”
ᴺQ. !maicarindo n. “benefactor”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] net- [ñ-] v. “to get”
⚠️ᴱQ. túvima adj. “acceptable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cávima “acceptable”
Q. túvima “discoverable”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuvu- v. “to receive, accept, take, require, cost”; see instead:
Q. #cav- “to receive, *accept, ⚠️require, cost”
Q. #tuv- “to find, discover”

11.17 to Keep, Retain

ᴺQ. !ambahep- v. “to maintain, (lit.) upkeep”
ᴺQ. !camma n. “receptacle”
ᴺQ. !fillannë n. “sack-cloth”
Q. hampa adj. “restrained, delayed, kept”
ᴺQ. !hep- v. “to keep”

11.21 to Give

⚠️ᴱQ. an (and-) n. “gift”; see instead:
Q. anna “gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present”
⚠️ᴱQ. anar (anard-) n. “giver”; see instead:
ᴹQ. anto² “giver (m.)”
Q., ᴹQ. anna n. “gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. anta- v. “to give, present; †to add to”
ᴹQ. antë n. “giver (f.)”
ᴹQ. anto² n. “giver (m.)”
ᴺQ. !aranta- v. “to turn over, (lit.) give by”

11.22 to Return, Give Back

⚠️ᴱQ. #antulu- v. “to return”; see instead:
Q. #entul- “to come again, *return”
⚠️ᴺQ. !atanta- v. “to give back”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nananta- “to give back, *return [something]”
⚠️ᴹQ. attul- v. “to come back, return”; see instead:
Q. #entul- “to come again, *return”
Q. #entul- v. “to come again, *return”
Q. entulessë n. “return”
ᴺQ. !nampaitya- v. “to pay back”
ᴺQ. !nampaityalë n. “paying back, *restitution”
ᴺQ. !nananta- v. “to give back, *return [something]”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nancam- v. “to receive back”; see instead:
Q. #cav- “to receive, *accept, ⚠️require, cost”
Q. nanwen- v. “to return, go/come back”
ᴺQ. !nanwenta- v. “to send back”
Q. ral- v. “*to return (intransitive)”
ᴺQ. !ralya- v. “to return (transitive)”

11.23 to Restore

ᴺQ. !apterya- v. “to repair, fix”
Q. ceulë n. “*renewal”
Q. ceura adj. “renewed”
Q. ceuta- v. “to renew, refresh”
⚠️ᴱQ. loista- v. “to refresh”; see instead:
Q. ceuta- “to renew, refresh”

11.24 to Save, Preserve, Keep Safe

⚠️ᴱQ. alantya adj. “*shielded, protected”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] alatya- v. “to shield, ward off, ⚠️protect”
Q. cauma n. “protection, shelter, shield”
⚠️ᴱQ. moina adj. “safe, secure”; see instead:
ᴹQ. varna “safe, protected, secure”
ᴹQ. moina “familiar, dear”
⚠️ᴱQ. quára n. “watch, ward”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tiris “watch, vigil, ward”
ᴺQ. !sótë n. “refuge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tarqua- v. “to dry, preserve; to pickle”
⚠️ᴹQ. varilë n. “protection”; see instead:
ᴹQ. varnassë “security”
Q. cauma “protection, shelter, shield”
ᴹQ. varna adj. “safe, protected, secure”
ᴹQ. varnassë n. “security”
ᴺQ. !varno n. “protector, guard”
ᴹQ. varya- v. “to protect”
ᴺQ. !varyando n. “protector”
ᴺQ. !vorta- v. “to preserve, make lasting”
ᴺQ. !vortalë n. “preservation, maintenance”

11.25 to Save, Rescue

Q. etelehta- v. “*to deliver”
ᴺQ. !etelehto n. “deliverer”
Q. eterúna- v. “*to deliver”
Q. #rehta- v. “to rescue, save”
Q. rehtië n. “rescue, saving”
ᴺQ. !rehto n. “savior”
⚠️ᴱQ. resta- v. “to aid, come to aid of, rescue, save”; see instead:
Q. #rehta- “to rescue, save”
Q. runando n. “*redeemer”
ᴺQ. !sámë [þ] n. “salvation, saving, help”
ᴹQ. #sáro [þ] n. “saviour”

11.27 to Destroy

ᴺQ. !alanancárima adj. “indestructible”
⚠️ᴱQ. faicar n. “destroyer, slayer; bane”; see instead:
Q. #nehtar “slayer”
Q. #nancar- v. “to undo, *destroy”
ᴺQ. !nancárima adj. “destructible”
ᴺQ. !nancarindo n. “destroyer”
ᴺQ. !nancáro n. “destroyer”
ᴺQ. !(n)ungwar- v. “to undermine, weaken, hinder, sabotage, sap, (lit.) to under/down-fret”
Q., ᴹQ. #nwar- [ñ-] v. “to fret, wear away, [ᴹQ.] erode; *worry about [with reflexive + dative]; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to gnaw”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] queletya- v. “to perish”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quelmë n. “ruin, utter end, perdition, ⚠️end, death”

11.28 to Harm, Injure, Damage

Q. alahasta adj. “unmarred”
Q. †χarina adj. “marred”
ᴺQ. !harnalë n. “harm, damage”
Q. #hasta- v. “to mar”
Q. hastaina adj. “marred”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyan- v. “to injure”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyanda n. “harm, damage”
⚠️ᴱQ. mala-¹ v. “to hurt, pain”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] sac- v. “to hurt”
Q. sahta adj. “marred”
ᴺQ. !sahtë n. “scar”
Q. †úχarin adj. “unmarred”
Q. úvana adj. “marred”

11.29 to Spoil

⚠️ᴱQ. avalta- v. “to strip, despoil, denude”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !helta- “to strip, bare, peel; to despoil, denude”
ᴺQ. !hastalë n. “corruption”
ᴺQ. !hastima adj. “corruptible”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hessa adj. “withered, ⚠️dead”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hesta- v. “to wither”
⚠️ᴱQ. il(l)oitë adj. “withered, dead”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hessa “withered, ⚠️dead”
⚠️ᴱQ. minu- v. “to make less, decrease, spoil, alter for worse”; see instead:
Q. #pic- “to lessen, dwindle, wane”
⚠️ᴱQ. narqua adj. “faded, shrivelled”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hessa “withered, ⚠️dead”
⚠️ᴱQ. narqua- v. “to wither”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hesta- “to wither”
⚠️ᴱQ. narquelë n. “fading, withering”; see instead:
Q. #quelië “*fading”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quelehtië n. “rot, corruption”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quelehtima adj. “corrupt, rotten”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelexië n. “rot, corruption”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quelehtië “rot, corruption”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelexima adj. “corrupt, rotten”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quelehtima “corrupt, rotten”
Q. rúcina adj. “confused, shattered, disordered, ruined”

11.31 to Seek

ᴺQ. !alacestaima adj. “unsearchable”
⚠️ᴺQ. !alacestima adj. “unsearchable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alacestaima “unsearchable”
Q. ces- [þ] v. “to search, examine (in order to find something)”
ᴺQ. !cesië [þ] n. “search”
⚠️Q. cesta-¹ v. “to seek, search for”; see instead:
Q. cesta-² “to ask”
Q. ces- “to search, examine (in order to find something)”
⚠️ᴱQ. saca- v. “to pursue, look for, search”; see instead:
Q. ces- “to search, examine (in order to find something)”
⚠️ᴱQ. satl n. “search, enquiry”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cesië “search”
Q. minasurië “enquiry, *research”
Q. *sur- [þ] v. “*to seek”
Q. *surië [þ] n. “*(an act of) seeking”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuctalla n. “*search”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cesië “search”
⚠️ᴱQ. tucu- v. “to go in search of, look for, fetch”; see instead:
Q. ces- “to search, examine (in order to find something)”

11.32 to Find

ᴺQ. !alahírima adj. “unfindable, impossible to find”
⚠️ᴹQ. cim- v. “to find; [ᴱQ.] to heed”; see instead:
Q. hir- “to find”
Q. tir- “to watch (over), guard, heed; to look (at), gaze, observe; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to keep, preserve”
Q. ecces- [þ] v. “to find out, bring out by examining or eyeing[?]”
Q., ᴹQ. hir- v. “to find”
ᴺQ. !rat- n. “to explore, find a way”
Q., ᴹQ. #tuv- v. “to find, discover”
Q. túvima adj. “discoverable”

11.33 to Lose

ᴺQ. !aulerya- v. “to rid, free somebody of something”
ᴺQ. !penta- v. “to lose”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úhep- v. “to lose, (lit.) to un-keep”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !penta- “to lose”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úhepië n. “loss”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !penta- “to lose”
⚠️ᴺQ. !únet- v. “to lose, (lit.) to un-get”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !penta- “to lose”
ᴺQ. !vanwë n. “loss (abstract/general)”

11.34 to Release

⚠️ᴱQ. erefainu n. “release”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !leryalë “release”
⚠️ᴱQ. fainu- v. “to release”; see instead:
Q. lerya- “to release, set free, let go”
⚠️ᴱQ. lapta- v. “?to relax, loosen”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lehta- “to loose, slacken”
ᴹQ. lehta- v. “to loose, slacken”
Q. lerya- v. “to release, set free, let go”
ᴺQ. !leryalë n. “release”
Q. rúna- v. “to free”
Q. sen- v. “to let loose, free, let go”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] us- [þ] v. “to escape, get out”
⚠️ᴱQ. #úsiéra adj. “*escaped”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] uswë [þ] n. “escape, issue, outlet”

11.41 Property

Q. aura n. “possession, thing owned”
⚠️ᴱQ. autë¹ n. “goods, property, wealth, money”; see instead:
ᴹQ. armar “goods”
ᴺQ. ^aurië “wealth [in possessions], property”
Q. telpë “silver; [ᴱQ.] money”
ᴺQ. !herulatsë n. “estate, domain”
Q. satya adj. “private, separate, not common, excluded”
Q. véra adj. “personal, private, own”

11.42 Wealth, Riches

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^aurië n. “wealth [in possessions], property”
⚠️ᴱQ. ausië n. “wealth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aurië “wealth [in possessions], property”
ᴹQ. heren n. “fortune, (lit.) governance”
ᴺQ. !mailitya adj. “(greedily) wealthy, avaricious”
⚠️ᴱQ. milcin n. “wealth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aurië “wealth [in possessions], property”

11.43 Money

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telpilin n. “silver piece, *silver coin”

11.46 Treasure

⚠️ᴱQ. föa n. “hoard, treasure”; see instead:
Q. haura² “hoard, store”
Q. föa “breath, puff of breath”
Q., ᴹQ. harma n. “treasure, [ᴹQ.] treasured thing”
ᴹQ. harwë¹ n. “treasure, treasury”
Q. maina n. “thing of excellence, treasure”
ᴺQ. !mirta- v. “to value, esteem, treasure, cherish”

11.47 Bank

Q. haura² n. “hoard, store”
ᴺQ. !sarnomo n. “banker”

11.48 Heir

ᴹQ. aryon n. “heir”
ᴺQ. !aryonië n. “inheritance”
Q. atamir n. “heirloom”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #hildë (hildi-) n. “heir, follower; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] child”

11.51 Rich

⚠️ᴱQ. autë² (ausi-) adj. “rich”; see instead:
Q. alya “[ᴹQ.] rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed; ⚠️[Q.] fair, good”
ᴹQ. herenya “fortunate, wealthy, blessed, rich”
⚠️ᴱQ. avarna adj. “very rich”; see instead:
Q. alya “[ᴹQ.] rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed; ⚠️[Q.] fair, good”
ᴹQ. herenya adj. “fortunate, wealthy, blessed, rich”
⚠️ᴱQ. malcë (malci-) adj. “rich”; see instead:
Q. alya “[ᴹQ.] rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed; ⚠️[Q.] fair, good”

11.52 Poor

⚠️ᴱQ. mangë² n. “lack, want, shortage”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !penië “lack, want, shortage”
⚠️ᴱQ. oica adj. “poor”; see instead:
Q. penya “lacking, inadequate; *poor”
⚠️ᴱQ. oisë n. “poverty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !penyalë “poverty, deprivation”
⚠️ᴱQ. oiswa adj. “poor”; see instead:
Q. penya “lacking, inadequate; *poor”
ᴺQ. !penië n. “lack, want, shortage”
Q. penna adj. and n. “lacking; vowel”
ᴺQ. !penno n. “poor man”
Q. penya adj. “lacking, inadequate; *poor”
ᴺQ. !penyalë n. “poverty, deprivation”
Q. #racina adj. “stripped, deprived”

11.53 Beggar

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] iqu- v. “to beg, ‘pray’ [ask earnestly]”
ᴺQ. !iquindo n. “beggar”

11.56 to Steal

⚠️ᴱQ. naqua- v. “to steal”; see instead:
ᴺQ. pil- “to steal”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pil- v. “to steal”

11.57 Thief

Q. arpo n. “seizer, thief”
ᴺQ. !aumapando n. “abductor, (lit.) away-seizer”
⚠️ᴱQ. naquar n. “thief”; see instead:
ᴺQ. pilu “thief, robber”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pilu n. “thief, robber”
ᴺQ. !rapta n. “loot, booty, stolen goods”

11.61 to Lend

ᴺQ. !yutya- v. “to lend, loan”

11.64 Debt

Q. #lucassë n. “*debt, trespass”
Q. #lucië n. “*debt, trespass”
Q. #lucindo n. “*debtor, one who trespasses”
Q. #luhta n. “*debt, trespass”
ᴹQ. nauta adj. “bound, obliged”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] paitya- v. “to repay, requite”
Q. #rocindë n. “*debtor, one who trespasses”
Q. #rohta n. “*debt, trespass”

11.65 to Pay

ᴺQ. !paityalë n. “reward, payment”

11.66 Account, Reckoning

Q., ᴹQ. not- v. “to count, [ᴹQ.] reckon”
Q., ᴹQ. #onot- v. “[ᴹQ.] to count up, *reckon”
Q. #onótië n. “*reckoning”
Q. onótimo n. “*reckoner”
⚠️ᴱQ. quoto- v. “to count up, reckon; to account, call up; to think, consider”; see instead:
Q. not- “to count, [ᴹQ.] reckon”

11.67 Surety, Security

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ovesta n. “contract, compact, treaty”
⚠️ᴹQ. vesta² n. “contract”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ovesta “contract, compact, treaty”

11.69 Tax

⚠️ᴺQ. !hótocië n. “tax”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tungwë “tax”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] toc- v. “to appraise, tax, assess, assay; ⚠️to try, test, essay, endeavour; to feel with the hand, handle”
ᴺQ. !tungwë n. “tax”
ᴺQ. !tungwemen n. “tax-office”
ᴺQ. !tungwemo n. “tax-collector”
⚠️ᴺQ. !túrëautocië n. “tax”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tungwë “tax”

11.72 Cost, Expense

⚠️ᴱQ. vil(dë) n. “matter, business, affair, thing”; see instead:
Q. caraitië “activity, business”
⚠️ᴱQ. #vildi- v. “to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^valda- “to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment; *to cost”
⚠️ᴱQ. vildima adj. “essential, imperative”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^valdima “essential, imperative”

11.73 Gain, Profit

ᴺQ. !cambië n. “profit, gain, intake, income”

11.79 to Earn

ᴺQ. !namoia- v. “to work (hard) for; to earn”

11.81 to Buy

ᴺQ. !homanca- v. “to buy”

11.82 to Sell

ᴺQ. !aumanca- v. “to sell, (lit.) trade away”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^maxë n. “sale”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quampa n. “peddlar-goods”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quampa- v. “to hawk goods”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quampalë n. “chaffering, *haggling, bargaining”
⚠️ᴱQ. vaxë n. “sale”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^maxë “sale”
ᴹQ. vaxë “stain”

11.83 to Trade

ᴺQ. !eccol- v. “to export”
ᴹQ. manca- v. “to trade”
ᴹQ. mancalë n. “commerce, *trade [as an activity]”
ᴺQ. !micol- v. “to import”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quap- v. “to chaffer, bargain, swap, barter”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quapta n. “deal, bargain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quapta- v. “to exchange”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quaptalë n. “exchange”
ᴺQ. !quaptando n. “money-changer, (lit.) exchanger”
ᴺQ. !sundoharmar n. “capital [funds], (lit.) base treasures”
ᴺQ. !telpevistando n. “money-changer”
⚠️ᴱQ. vactelë n. “trade”; see instead:
ᴹQ. mancalë “commerce, *trade [as an activity]”

11.84 Merchant, Tradesman

⚠️ᴹQ. macar n. “tradesman, *trader, merchant”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mahar “tradesman, trader, merchant”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^mahar n. “tradesman, trader, merchant”
ᴺQ. !mancaro n. “tradesman, trader, merchant”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quampo n. “pedlar, huckster”
⚠️ᴱQ. vactelëar n. “merchant”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mahar “tradesman, trader, merchant”

11.85 Market (place)

ᴹQ. armar coll. “goods”
ᴺQ. !macca n. “article (for exchange), ware, thing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !mancamen n. “market, (lit.) trade-place”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !mancanómë “market, market-place”
ᴺQ. !mancanómë n. “market, market-place”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^manco n. “wares”
⚠️ᴺQ. !mangwa n. “article for trading, goods”; see instead:
ᴹQ. armar “goods”
⚠️ᴱQ. vanco n. “wares”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^manco “wares”
⚠️ᴱQ. #vat (vact-) n. “wares”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^manco “wares”

11.87 Price

ᴺQ. !mirma n. “value, *price”

11.88 Dear, Expensive

Q. mírima adj. “very valuable, very precious, very lovely”
Q. mirwa adj. “precious, valuable”
ᴺQ. !valasta- v. “to deserve, (lit.) be worthy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] valda n. and adj. “worth; worthy, dear”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^valda- v. “to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment; *to cost”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] valdëa adj. “of moment, important”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^valdima adj. “essential, imperative”

11.89 Cheap

ᴺQ. !alamirwa adj. “cheap, not precious, not expensive”

12. Spatial Relations

12.11 Place

ᴺQ. !ainomë adv. “anyplace, anywhere”
⚠️ᴹQ. essë³ n. “place”; see instead:
Q. #nómë “place”
⚠️ᴹQ. essëa² adj. “in place, local”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nómëa “local”
⚠️ᴱQ. larma n. “area, space, room”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sambë “room, chamber”
ᴺQ. !latsë “area, space, room”
Q. #larma “raiment”
ᴹQ. larma “fat [as a substance], ⚠️(?pig-)fat, flesh”
⚠️ᴱQ. larmavoitë adj. “roomy, spacious”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”
ᴺQ. !latsë n. “area, space, room”
⚠️ᴺQ. !menessë adv. “instead, (lit.) in place”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !minomë “instead, in place of, in exchange of”
ᴺQ. !minomë adv. “instead, in place of, in exchange of”
ᴺQ. !nairë [ñ-] n. “space (as a physical dimension)”
ᴺQ. !nanomë adv. “someplace, somewhere”
Q. #nómë n. “place”
ᴺQ. !nómëa adj. “local”
Q. #nómessë n. “place-name”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nómessëa adj. “local”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nómëa “local”
ᴺQ. !-non (-nóm(e)-) suf. “-place, -spot (forms place-names, area nouns)”
ᴺQ. !osquetië n. “context”
⚠️ᴱQ. #panyara adj. “?setting”

12.12 to Put, Place, Set, Lay

ᴺQ. !antac- v. “to apply”
Q., ᴱQ. caita-² v. “*to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, ⚠️lie down”
⚠️ᴱQ. casóro- v. “to make sit, set”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sesta- “to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)”
⚠️ᴹQ. esta-² v. “to place, set, plant”; see instead:
Q. caita-² “*to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, ⚠️lie down”
⚠️ᴺQ. !etepanya- v. “to put out”; see instead:
Q. caita-² “*to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, ⚠️lie down”
Q. #pan- v. “*to arrange, set in order”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] panna n. “arrangement, grouping; *plan, course; ⚠️book”
⚠️ᴱQ. pano n. “series, course, plan, arrangement”; see instead:
ᴺQ. panna “arrangement, grouping; *plan, course; ⚠️book”
ᴹQ. pano “piece of shaped wood, *board, plank”
ᴺQ. !panwë n. “arrangement, plan; structure, ordering; (musical) theme”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. panya- v. “to fix, set; [ᴱQ.] to plan, arrange, ⚠️intend, mean”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sasta- v. “to put, place”; see instead:
Q. caita-² “*to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, ⚠️lie down”
ᴺQ. !sesta- v. “to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sorto- v. “to set, settle”; see instead:
Q. mar- “to abide, be settled or fixed, [ᴱQ.] dwell, live”
ᴹQ. seru- “to settle on, sit or lie down, come to rest on”

12.13 to Sit

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hac- v. “to squat”
⚠️ᴹQ. ham- v. “to sit (down), be situated in ”; see instead:
Q. har- “to sit, stay, [ᴱQ.] remain; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to dwell, abide, reside”
⚠️ᴹQ. hamu- v. “to sit down, take a seat”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^haru- “to sit down, take a seat”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. har- v. “to sit, stay, [ᴱQ.] remain; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to dwell, abide, reside”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^haru- v. “to sit down, take a seat”
ᴹQ. seru- v. “to settle on, sit or lie down, come to rest on”
⚠️ᴱQ. soro- v. “to sit”; see instead:
Q. har- “to sit, stay, [ᴱQ.] remain; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to dwell, abide, reside”
⚠️ᴱQ. sorta- v. “to sit down”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^haru- “to sit down, take a seat”

12.14 to Lie, Recline

⚠️ᴱQ. caima- v. “to lie quiet”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ser- “to rest, repose; to stay, tarry, stop, be for a while, at the moment”
ᴺQ. ^quilda- “to stay quiet, be quiet, ⚠️rest”
ᴺQ. !cainu- v. “to lie down, *bend down; [with locative] to endure, suffer (from)”
Q., ᴹQ. caita-¹ v. “to lie (down)”
⚠️ᴱQ. caitoilë n. “rest”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sérë “peace, [ᴹQ.] rest, repose”
⚠️ᴱQ. cama- v. “to lie down; (c. loc.) to endure, suffer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cainu- “to lie down, *bend down; [with locative] to endure, suffer (from)”
⚠️ᴱQ. camu- v. “to lay down, bend down, reduce”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cainu- “to lie down, *bend down; [with locative] to endure, suffer (from)”
⚠️ᴱQ. caya- v. “to lie”; see instead:
Q. caita-¹ “to lie (down)”
⚠️ᴹQ. erdë² n. “repose”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sérë “peace, [ᴹQ.] rest, repose”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lat- v. “to be extended, stretch, [ᴱQ.] spread, extend; [ᴹQ.] to be situated (of an area), lie (of lands or regions)”
ᴺQ. !nirya- v. “to lean against”

12.15 to Stand

⚠️ᴱQ. hyá- v. “to stand”; see instead:
Q. #tar-² “to stand”
ᴺQ. !nantar- v. “to stand back”
⚠️ᴱQ. nohto- v. “to stick out”; see instead:
Q. #ras- “to stick out”
Q. #ras- v. “to stick out”
Q. #tar-² v. “to stand”
⚠️ᴹQ. #thar-² v. “to stand”; see instead:
Q. #tar-² “to stand”
⚠️ᴹQ. #tol- v. “to stand”; see instead:
Q. #tar-² “to stand”
ᴹQ. tolu- v. “to stand up, get up, leave one’s seat”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tyul- v. “to stand”; see instead:
Q. #tar-² “to stand”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyulta- v. “to rear up, stick up”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tyulya- v. “to stand (intr.), rise”; see instead:
Q. orya-¹ “to rise”

12.16 to Stay, Wait, Remain

ᴺQ. !coilemma n. “fossil, biological artifact/relic”
ᴹQ. hora- v. “to wait for”
⚠️ᴺQ. !larta- v. “to wait, stay, remain, last, endure”; see instead:
Q. har- “to sit, stay, [ᴱQ.] remain; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to dwell, abide, reside”
Q. termar- “to stand, *endure, last, (lit.) through-abide”
ᴺQ. !lemma n. “artifact, relic, residue”
ᴺQ. !lemmë n. “remnant(s), remains, remainders”
ᴹQ. lemya- v. “to remain, tarry”
⚠️ᴹQ. lenda- v. “to linger”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lemya- “to remain, tarry”
⚠️ᴱQ. masta- v. “to tarry, linger”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lemya- “to remain, tarry”
ᴹQ. masta- “to bake”
⚠️ᴺQ. !norta- v. “to stay”; see instead:
Q. har- “to sit, stay, [ᴱQ.] remain; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to dwell, abide, reside”
ᴺQ. !ranqua n. “armful”
ᴺQ. !res- [þ] v. “to remain in same place”

12.17 to Remain, be Left Over

⚠️ᴱQ. #er- v. “to remain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lemya- “to remain, tarry”
ᴹQ. lemba adj. “left behind”
⚠️ᴱQ. sal- v. “?to remain or remove”

12.18 to Leave, Relinquish

ᴺQ. !avarta- v. “to abandon”
ᴺQ. !etehat- v. “to throw out”
Q. hehta- v. “to put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake”
Q. hequa prep. and adv. “leaving aside, not counting, excluding, except”

12.19 Quiet

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] calaina adj. “serene”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] calainë n. “serenity, ⚠️serene”
⚠️ᴱQ. quië adj. “calm at sea”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quilda adj. “quiet, hushed, still”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quilda- v. “to stay quiet, be quiet, ⚠️rest”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. quildë n. “quiet, rest, hush”
⚠️ᴱQ. quildi- v. “to rest, stay quiet, be quiet”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quilda- “to stay quiet, be quiet, ⚠️rest”
⚠️ᴹQ. quilir n. “quiet”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quildë “quiet, rest, hush”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rua adj. “steady, still, tranquil”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ruë n. “stillness, *steadiness, tranquility, ⚠️rest, remaining, steadfastness”

12.195 Whisper

⚠️ᴹQ. escë n. “rustle, noise of leaves”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hlussa- v. “to whisper”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hlussë n. “whispering sound, *whisper”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyassë n. “rushing noise, *rustling”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyasta- v. “to rush, rustle”
⚠️ᴹQ. lussa- v. “to whisper”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlussa- “to whisper”
⚠️ᴹQ. lussë n. “whispering sound”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlussë “whispering sound, *whisper”
ᴺQ. !nurrulë n. “murmuring”
⚠️ᴱQ. quiri-² v. “to murmur”; see instead:
Q. nurru- “to murmur, grumble, mumble”
⚠️ᴱQ. quirquirinda adj. “murmuring”
⚠️ᴱQ. quirquirindë n. “murmuring”
⚠️ᴱQ. quisi- v. “to whisper”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlussa- “to whisper”
⚠️ᴱQ. quisquiri- v. “to rustle, murmur”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hyasta- “to rush, rustle”
Q. nurru- “to murmur, grumble, mumble”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulmula adj. “mumbling”
⚠️ᴱQ. vassalë n. “rustling”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hyassë “rushing noise, *rustling”

12.21 to Gather, Collect

⚠️ᴱQ. arm- v. “to gather, collect”; see instead:
Q. hosta- “to gather (hastily together), collect, assemble, pile up”
Q. comya- v. “to collect”
⚠️Q. conta- v. “[unglossed]”
⚠️ᴱQ. #cum- v. “to pile up”; see instead:
Q. hosta- “to gather (hastily together), collect, assemble, pile up”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. hosta- v. “to gather (hastily together), collect, assemble, pile up”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hostaitë adj. “able to gather”
⚠️ᴱQ. hostalca adj. “able to gather”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hostaitë “able to gather”
⚠️ᴱQ. lese- v. “to come together, gather (intr.)”; see instead:
Q. ócom- “to gather, assemble”
⚠️ᴱQ. lesta- v. “to collect (tr.)”; see instead:
Q. hosta- “to gather (hastily together), collect, assemble, pile up”
Q. ócom- v. “to gather, assemble”
⚠️ᴱQ. racta-² v. “to pile, hoard, amass, collect”; see instead:
Q. hosta- “to gather (hastily together), collect, assemble, pile up”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yocar- v. “to assemble, compose, construct”; see instead:
Q. carasta- “to build, construct”
Q. maita- “to make with art, design, compose”

12.22 to Join, Unite

ᴺQ. !erta- v. “to unite”
ᴺQ. !ertië n. “union”
ᴺQ. !himyalë n. “connection”
⚠️ᴱQ. lecte- v. “to join together, dovetail, fit in, splice”
⚠️ᴱQ. lequet (lequett-) n. “joint”
Q. #limë (limi-) n. “link, *joint”
ᴺQ. !limya- v. “to link, join”
⚠️ᴱQ. oxa n. “joint”; see instead:
Q. #limë “link, *joint”
⚠️ᴱQ. pac- v. “to apply, attach”
ᴺQ. !sampan- v. “to combine”
Q., ᴹQ. #sampanë n. “combination”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tac- v. “to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyac- v. “to stick”
ᴺQ. !yanta-¹ v. “to join”
⚠️ᴱQ. yanta² adj. “joined”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yantaina “joined”
ᴺQ. !yantaina adj. “joined”
Q., ᴹQ. yanwë n. “joining, [ᴹQ.] isthmus, ⚠️bridge”

12.221 Together

⚠️Q. #as prep. “with”; see instead:
Q. #ó “with”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lé² prep. “with, [ᴹQ.] by, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)”; see instead:
Q. #ó “with”
⚠️ᴱQ. ma- pref. “together, in one”; see instead:
Q. o- “together”
⚠️ᴱQ. -ngwë suf. “*together”
Q., ᴹQ. o- pref. “together”
Q. #ó prep. “with”
⚠️ᴱQ. so- pref. “grouped, together”; see instead:
Q. #yo- “together (used in words describing the union of three or more things)”
ᴺQ. [Q.] uo adv. “together”
⚠️ᴱQ. va- pref. “together”; see instead:
Q. o- “together”
Q. #yo- pref. “together (used in words describing the union of three or more things)”
Q. yó(m) prep. “[together] with”

12.222 And

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ar conj. “and; ⚠️[ᴱQ., ᴹQ.] but”
⚠️ᴱQ. ya(n) conj. “and”; see instead:
Q. yo “both ... and”
Q. -yë suf. “and (pairs)”
Q., ᴹQ. yo conj. “both ... and”

12.223 Also

⚠️ᴱQ. aru adv. “in addition, as well, besides”; see instead:
Q. ar(a) “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”
ᴺQ. !aryë adv. “also, as well, besides, too”
Q. epetai conj. “consequently, thereupon, thence, whereupon, (lit.) following which (fact)”
Q. etta conj. “*therefore, (lit.) out of that”
Q. potai conj. “*therefore, (lit.) before which”
Q. sië adv. “thus”
Q. sin¹ adv. “*thus”
⚠️ᴱQ. yando adv. “also”; see instead:
Q. ta³ “so, like that, also; and also, then; etcetera”
ᴹQ. yú adv. “too, *also”

12.23 to Separate

ᴺQ. !ausatië adv. “especially, (lit.) setting aside”
ᴺQ. !cilta- v. “to divide, separate”
ᴺQ. !ciltië n. “division, separation”
ᴺQ. !etsatië adv. “especially”
⚠️ᴺQ. !salta- v. “to strain, winnow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^silta- “to sift, sort out, winnow”
⚠️ᴺQ. !saltama n. “winnowing-fork”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^silta- “to sift, sort out, winnow”
Q. sat- v. “to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner”
⚠️ᴱQ. silt- v. “to sift, sort out, winnow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^silta- “to sift, sort out, winnow”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] silta n. “sieve”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^silta- v. “to sift, sort out, winnow”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] siltina adj. “winnowed”

12.232 to Divide

Q. estat- v. “to distribute (in even portions), *partition”
ᴺQ. !estatië n. “portion, share”
ᴺQ. !estatina adj. “divided, shared, distributed”
ᴺQ. !ósat- v. “to share”
ᴹQ. perya- v. “to divide in middle, halve”
⚠️ᴱQ. #ranta² n. “part”; see instead:
Q. asta “month; division, part (esp. one of other equal parts)”
ᴺQ. !sundë n. “element, ingredient, a basic component”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirt (tirty-) n. “part, portion, share, section”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !estatië “portion, share”
Q. asta “month; division, part (esp. one of other equal parts)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirtina adj. “divided, shared, distributed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !estatina “divided, shared, distributed”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirty- v. “to partition, divide, part, distribute”; see instead:
Q. estat- “to distribute (in even portions), *partition”
ᴺQ. !úperima adj. “indivisible”

12.24 to Open

⚠️ᴱQ. apta- v. “to open”; see instead:
Q. latya- “to open anything (so as to allow entry)”
Q. apta- “to refuse, deny, say nay”
⚠️ᴱQ. aptë (*apti-) adj. “open”; see instead:
Q. láta “open (not closed)”
Q. láta adj. “open (not closed)”
Q. látië n. “openness”
Q. latya n. “opening”
Q. latya- v. “to open anything (so as to allow entry)”
ᴹQ. palya- v. “to open wide, spread, expand, extend”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. panta adj. “open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. panta- v. “to open, spread out, unfurl, [ᴱQ.] unfold”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pantië n. “unfolding, opening, ⚠️revealing”
⚠️ᴱQ. patsima adj. “wide open”; see instead:
ᴹQ. panta “open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading”

12.25 to Shut, Close

⚠️Q. avalatya- v. “to close, shut”; see instead:
Q. holya- “to shut, close”
Q. holla adj. “?shut”
Q. holya- v. “to shut, close”
Q. pahta¹ adj. “closed, shut, private”
Q. sac- [þ] v. “to close”

12.26 to Cover

ᴺQ. !avatup- v. “to uncover, expose”
⚠️ᴱQ. talda adj. “covered”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tupina “covered”
Q. tal(da) “to the bottom”
⚠️ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) n. “roof, covering”; see instead:
ᴹQ. telmë “hood, covering”
ᴹQ. telmë n. “hood, covering”
ᴹQ. telta- v. “to canopy, overshadow, screen”
⚠️ᴱQ. #tildi- v. “to cover”; see instead:
Q. tup- “to cover, [ᴱQ.] put a lid on, put hat on, ⚠️roof”
⚠️ᴹQ. top- v. “to cover”; see instead:
Q. tup- “to cover, [ᴱQ.] put a lid on, put hat on, ⚠️roof”
⚠️ᴱQ. tump-² v. “to cover”; see instead:
Q. tup- “to cover, [ᴱQ.] put a lid on, put hat on, ⚠️roof”
Q., ᴱQ. tup- v. “to cover, [ᴱQ.] put a lid on, put hat on, ⚠️roof”
ᴺQ. !tupina adj. “covered”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] túpo n. “cover, lid, ⚠️roof”
ᴺQ. !ulutelmë n. “umbrella, rainshade”
Q. #untup- v. “to cover (over or up), (lit.) to cover down”
⚠️ᴱQ. vailë n. “covering, *sheath”; see instead:
Q. vailë “[strong] wind, *gale”
ᴹQ. telmë “hood, covering”

12.27 to Hide, Conceal

Q. #cuv- v. “to conceal, *hide”
Q. fanta- v. “to veil, cloak, mantle; [ᴺQ.] to muffle”
Q. fanwa n. “veil, screen”
ᴹQ. halya- v. “to veil, conceal, screen from light”
ᴹQ. *lihlicca- v. “to sneak about”
⚠️ᴱQ. lom- v. “to hide, lurk”; see instead:
Q. #nurta- “*to hide”
⚠️ᴱQ. moru- v. “to hide, conceal, lurk”; see instead:
Q. #cuv- “to conceal, *hide”
ᴺQ. !nannem- v. “to disappear”
Q. #nurta- v. “*to hide”
Q. vasar [þ] n. “veil”
Q. vasarya- [þ] v. “to veil”

12.272 Hidden, Concealed

Q. cúvima adj. “concealable”
Q. #cuvo n. “hider”
Q. cuvoitë (cuvoiti-) adj. “hiding, secretive; treacherous”
⚠️ᴱQ. foina adj. “hidden, secret”; see instead:
ᴹQ. muina “hidden, secret”
ᴹQ. nulla “dark, dusky, obscure; hidden, secret”
⚠️ᴱQ. furin adj. “hidden, concealed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. muina “hidden, secret”
⚠️Q. henfanwa n. “eye-screen, veil upon eyes”
Q. nurtalë n. “hiding”
ᴺQ. !úcénima adj. “invisible”
Q. úfantima adj. “not concealable”
Q. úfanwëa adj. “not veiled, unveiled”

12.31 High

⚠️ᴱQ. aiquië n. “highness, height”; see instead:
Q. #tárië “height”
⚠️ᴱQ. alva adj. “?lofty”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alwa “well-grown”
⚠️ᴱQ. ancasse(a) adj. “lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed”; see instead:
Q. tára¹ “lofty, tall, high”
⚠️ᴱQ. anwa adj. “high up, place high”; see instead:
ᴹQ. anwa “true, real, actual”
⚠️ᴱQ. ordië n. “height, loftiness”; see instead:
Q. #tárië “height”
⚠️ᴹQ. orro² adv. “up in the air, on high”
Q., ᴱQ. orwa adj. “high, lofty”
⚠️ᴱQ. tá¹ adj. and adv. “high; high above, high up”; see instead:
Q. tára¹ “lofty, tall, high”
⚠️ᴱQ. tahóra adj. “lofty”; see instead:
Q. tára¹ “lofty, tall, high”
Q., ᴹQ. tar-¹ affix. “high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tára¹ adj. “lofty, tall, high”
Q., ᴱQ. #tárië n. “height”
ᴺQ. !tarmen n. “vertical direction”
ᴺQ. !tarmenya adj. “vertical”

12.32 Low

⚠️ᴱQ. hunda adj. “low, lowly”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tumna “lowlying, low; deep, [ᴱQ.] profound; ⚠️dark, hidden”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tumna adj. “lowlying, low; deep, [ᴱQ.] profound; ⚠️dark, hidden”

12.33 Top

⚠️ᴱQ. ána n. “crown of head, top”
Q., ᴹQ. cas(ta) adv. “to(wards) the top, upwards”
ᴺQ. !castëa adj. “top (with added sense of prominent, chief)”
ᴹQ. hat (haht-) n. “ridge, comb, crest”
Q., ᴹQ. inga n. “top, highest point, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] first”
ᴺQ. !ingëa adj. “top”
⚠️ᴱQ. ormin n. “top”; see instead:
Q. cas “head, [ᴱQ.] top, ⚠️summit”

12.34 Bottom

⚠️ᴹQ. numbë n. “root, foundation”; see instead:
Q. #talma¹ “basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, ⚠️root; [ᴱQ.] end”
Q. sundo “base, root, [ᴹQ.] root-word”
⚠️ᴱQ. sulmin n. “base of a pillar, base of column”; see instead:
Q. #talma¹ “basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, ⚠️root; [ᴱQ.] end”
Q., ᴹQ. sundo [þ] n. “base, root, [ᴹQ.] root-word”
Q. tal(da) adv. “to the bottom”
ᴺQ. !taldëa adj. “bottom”
⚠️ᴱQ. talpa n. “support, prop, base, basis, pediment (column)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tulco “support, prop”
Q. sundo “base, root, [ᴹQ.] root-word”
⚠️ᴱQ. tauma n. “basis, foundation, ground floor”; see instead:
Q. #talma¹ “basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, ⚠️root; [ᴱQ.] end”
Q. talan “flat space, platform; [ᴹQ.] floor, ⚠️ground”
ᴹQ. tulco (*tulcu-) n. “support, prop”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulpo n. “buttress, prop”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tulco “support, prop”

12.35 End

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lappa n. “loose-end, end of rope, hem of robe”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^tel (teld-) n. “end”
Q. telma n. “conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair; [ᴹQ.] ending”
⚠️ᴹQ. tyel (tyeld-) n. “end”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tel “end”
⚠️ᴹQ. tyelma n. “ending”; see instead:
Q. telma “conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair; [ᴹQ.] ending”

12.352 Point

⚠️Q. cendë n. “point”; see instead:
Q. tillë “tip, point; [within compounds] finger, toe; [ᴱQ.] eyelash”
⚠️ᴱQ. cent n. “a sharp point”; see instead:
Q. tildë “fine sharp point, [ᴹQ.] spike; (mountain) horn, [ᴱQ.] tip, peak”
⚠️ᴱQ. colmë n. “point, tip”; see instead:
Q. tillë “tip, point; [within compounds] finger, toe; [ᴱQ.] eyelash”
⚠️ᴱQ. colmecta adj. “pointed”; see instead:
Q. *mixa “sharp-pointed”
⚠️ᴱQ. colosildë n. “long thin point”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ecco “spine, thorn, point”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mentë n. “point, end; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] peak, tip”
ᴹQ. nassë n. “spike, ⚠️thorn”
ᴺQ. !nassëa¹ adj. “spiked, pointed, barbed”
Q. ortil n. “up-point”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tildë n. “fine sharp point, [ᴹQ.] spike; (mountain) horn, [ᴱQ.] tip, peak”
Q., ᴱQ. tillë n. “tip, point; [within compounds] finger, toe; [ᴱQ.] eyelash”
⚠️ᴱQ. tinda n. “spike”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nassë “spike, ⚠️thorn”
ᴹQ. tinda “glinting (silver)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tindë (tindi-) adj. “spiked, pointed, barbed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nassëa¹ “spiked, pointed, barbed”
ᴹQ. tindë “glint”

12.353 Edge

⚠️ᴱQ. cantë n. “edge”; see instead:
Q. címa “edge of a cutting weapon/tool”
⚠️ᴱQ. cíla n. “edge, rim”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hríma “edge, hem, border”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cílëa adj. “edged”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !címëa “edged”
Q. címa n. “edge of a cutting weapon/tool”
Q. cimba n. “edge, brink”
ᴺQ. !címëa adj. “edged”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hríma n. “edge, hem, border”
Q. lanca n. “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end”
Q. lanë (lani-) n. “hem”
⚠️ᴺQ. !maicëa adj. “edged”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !címëa “edged”
Q., ᴱQ. pelma n. “border, fringe, edge, limiting device; [ᴱQ.] pen”
ᴹQ. réna n. “edge, border, margin”
⚠️ᴹQ. ríma n. “edge, hem, border”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hríma “edge, hem, border”
⚠️ᴱQ. rimbë n. “edge, lip, brim”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hríma “edge, hem, border”
Q. rimbë “host, great number, [ᴹQ.] crowd”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tastë n. “fringe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telustë n. “extremity”

12.37 Middle

Q. #endëa adj. “middle”
⚠️Q. entya adj. “central, middle”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enya “*central, ⚠️middle”
ᴹQ. enya adj. “*central, ⚠️middle”
Q., ᴹQ. holmo adv. “sincerely, heartily; *(lit.) from the heart”
ᴹQ. †humpë adv. “in the middle”
⚠️ᴱQ. mecilwa adj. “central”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enya “*central, ⚠️middle”
⚠️ᴱQ. mequa adj. “middle”; see instead:
Q. #endëa “middle”

12.371 Between

Q. enel prep. “in the middle, between”
Q., ᴹQ. imbë¹ prep. and adv. “between, among; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] in(wards)”
Q. imíca prep. “among”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mitta prep. and adv. “[ᴹQ.] inwards, into, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between”

12.38 Center

Q. enda n. “heart; centre, *interior”
Q., ᴹQ. endë n. “centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core”
⚠️ᴱQ. mecta adj. “centre”; see instead:
Q. endë “centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core”
⚠️ᴱQ. mectë n. “heart; centre”; see instead:
Q. enda “heart; centre, *interior”
⚠️ᴱQ. metl (mecil-) n. “centre”; see instead:
Q. endë “centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core”
⚠️ᴱQ. tólë¹ n. “centre”; see instead:
Q. endë “centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core”
⚠️ᴱQ. tólëa adj. “central, middle”; see instead:
Q. #endëa “middle”

12.391 In, Inside

⚠️ᴱQ. hir (hird-) n. “inwards, interior, inside, heart”; see instead:
Q. enda “heart; centre, *interior”
ᴹQ. hont adv. “inwards”
ᴺQ. !(i)missë n. “inside”
⚠️ᴱQ. int adv. “inwards”; see instead:
Q. mitta “[ᴹQ.] inwards, into, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between”
⚠️ᴱQ. ir (ird-) n. “interior, centre, inwards, inner parts”; see instead:
Q. enda “heart; centre, *interior”
Q., ᴹQ. mi prep. “in, [ᴹQ.] within”
Q. mina prep. and adv. “into, in, [ᴹQ.] to the inside”
⚠️ᴹQ. minna prep. and adv. “into, to the inside”; see instead:
Q. mina “into, in, [ᴹQ.] to the inside”
ᴹQ. mir prep. and adv. “to the inside, into”
ᴺQ. !mitië n. “interior”
ᴹQ. mitya adj. “interior”
ᴹQ. to prep. “in”

12.392 Out, Outside

Q., ᴹQ. #ava¹ adv. and adj. “[ᴹQ.] outside, beyond; outer, exterior”
⚠️ᴱQ. ere-¹ pref. “out”; see instead:
Q. #et(e)- “[ᴹQ.] forth, out”
⚠️ᴱQ. eru¹ adv. “outward”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^esta “outwards”
⚠️ᴱQ. erúmëa adj. “outer, outermost”; see instead:
Q. #ava¹ “[ᴹQ.] outside, beyond; outer, exterior”
⚠️ᴱQ. erus(ta) adj. and n. “outside”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ettë¹ “outside”
⚠️ᴱQ. es- pref. “*out”; see instead:
Q. #et(e)- “[ᴹQ.] forth, out”
⚠️ᴱQ. est adj. “outwards”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^esta “outwards”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^esta adv. “outwards”
Q., ᴹQ. et prep. “out (of)”
Q., ᴹQ. #et(e)- pref. “[ᴹQ.] forth, out”
ᴹQ. etsë n. “outside, exterior”
ᴹQ. ettë¹ adj. and adv. “outside”

12.393 Across, Athwart

ᴺQ. !anat prep. “against”
ᴺQ. !anqua adj. and adv. “opposite, against”
⚠️ᴱQ. arta prep. “across, athwart”; see instead:
Q. lanna “athwart, (to a point) beyond, *across”
⚠️ᴺQ. !essar- v. “to recross”; see instead:
Q. lahta- “to cross, pass over, go over; to surpass, excel”
Q., ᴱQ. lahta- v. “to cross, pass over, go over; to surpass, excel”
Q. langa n. “thing that crosses, ferry, ford, crossway, bridge, ⚠️cross-bar”
Q. lanna adv. and prep. “athwart, (to a point) beyond, *across”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽o prep. “over, across, along”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sar-¹ [þ] v. “to cross”; see instead:
Q. lahta- “to cross, pass over, go over; to surpass, excel”
⚠️ᴱQ. tara- v. “to cross, go athwart, cross rivers”; see instead:
Q. lahta- “to cross, pass over, go over; to surpass, excel”
⚠️ᴱQ. tarna n. “passage, ford, crossing”; see instead:
Q. langa “thing that crosses, ferry, ford, crossway, bridge, ⚠️cross-bar”

12.394 Up, Above, Over

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #am- pref. “up, [ᴱQ.] upwards”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. amba¹ adv. “up(wards)”
⚠️ᴱQ. am(u)- pref. “up(wards)”; see instead:
Q. #am- “up, [ᴱQ.] upwards”
⚠️ᴱQ. amu adv. “up(wards)”; see instead:
Q. amba¹ “up(wards)”
⚠️ᴱQ. amunta adj. “up, risen (of the sun)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !orina “risen”
⚠️ᴱQ. cassë prep. “above”
Q., ᴱQ. or prep. “above, [ᴱQ.] upon; ⚠️on”
Q. oro- pref. “up, aloft”
ᴺQ. !orohalla adj. “superior”
ᴺQ. !orsa [þ] adj. “upper, above”
⚠️ᴱQ. orta prep. “above”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !orsa “upper, above”
⚠️ᴱQ. (or)tandë adv. “above (of motion upwards)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ta² prep. “on, above; by, beside; than”; see instead:
Q. pá “touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, [ᴹQ.] about”
Q. ar(a) “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”
Q. to prep. “on, above; [ᴹQ.] in”

12.395 Down, Below, Beneath

⚠️ᴱQ. hant adv. “down, to the ground”; see instead:
ᴹQ. taltë “down, at the bottom”
⚠️Q. ní prep. “beneath, not touching, under”; see instead:
Q. nu “under, beneath”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nu prep. “under, beneath”
⚠️Q. núla² prep. “under [beyond]”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nún adv. “down below, underneath, [ᴱQ.] beneath”
ᴹQ. tal adv. “downwards”
ᴹQ. taltë adv. “down, at the bottom”
⚠️ᴱQ. ú prep. “beneath”; see instead:
Q. nu “under, beneath”
ᴺQ. !unda adj. “lower, beneath”
⚠️ᴹQ. undo adv. “down, low down”; see instead:
Q. undu “down, under, [ᴹQ.] beneath”
Q., ᴹQ. undu prep. and adv. “down, under, [ᴹQ.] beneath”
⚠️ᴱQ. úva adj. “the under”; see instead:
Q. nu “under, beneath”

12.3955 In Front

ᴺQ. !empatyellë n. “advancement, progress”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hyámen n. “front”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !pentë “front”
ᴺQ. !nev- v. “to face, turn toward, *confront”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nimba adj. “facing, confronting”; see instead:
Q. cendelë “face, *visage”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nimba- v. “to face, go forward”; see instead:
Q. cendelë “face, *visage”
⚠️ᴱQ. nóva adj. “ahead, foremost, leading”
Q. opo prep. “before, in front (of place); ⚠️after (of time)”
ᴺQ. !pentë n. “front”
Q. póna adv. “forward”

12.396 Behind, At the Rear

ᴺQ. !cána adv. “backward”
Q., ᴹQ. #ca(ta) prep. “behind, at back of place; [ᴹQ.] after”
Q. nanda¹ adj. “?back”
⚠️ᴹQ. opto n. “back”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !catta “back”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pimpina adj. “trailing”
⚠️ᴱQ. pontë (ponti-) n. “back, rear”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tellë “rear”
⚠️ᴱQ. potë (potsi-) adv. “after, behind (of place)”
⚠️ᴱQ. potsina adj. “rearward, back, rear, hinder; next, following; second”; see instead:
ᴹQ. neuna “second, *following, next”
ᴹQ. tellë n. “rear”

12.397 Beyond

⚠️ᴱQ. ala³ prep. “beyond, after; before”
Q. ambela adv. “further still beyond, far away beyond”
ᴺQ. !ener(a) adv. “on, onward, further”
Q. han prep. “beyond”
Q. lá² prep. “beyond, over, across, athwart”
⚠️Q. olla prep. “over [beyond]”
Q. palla prep. and adv. “far beyond”
Q. pella prep. and adv. “beyond (boundary or limit)”

12.398 To, Towards

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. an(a) prep. “to, towards, to a point near, alongside; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] until”
ᴺQ. [Q.], ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ana- pref. “to, towards”
Q., ᴹQ. #†-r² suf. “motion to or towards a point, *archaic allative”
⚠️ᴱQ. -r² suf. “*allative”
Q. sir(a) adv. “hither”
⚠️ᴱQ. tandë adv. “thither”
Q., ᴹQ. tanna² adv. “thither”
Q., ᴹQ. tar(a) adv. “thither; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] beyond”
ᴺQ. !yanna adv. “whither, whereto”

12.399 From, Away

Q. au- pref. “away (from)”
Q., ᴱQ. au¹ adv. “away, off, not here (of position)”
⚠️ᴱQ. callo adv. and prep. “off, from off, from on top of, from on”
Q. hó- pref. “away, from, from among”
⚠️ᴹQ. ho prep. “from”; see instead:
Q. o “from”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -llo suf. “(movement) from, [ᴱQ.] out of, [Q.] ablative suffix”
Q., ᴹQ. ló prep. “(away) from; by agent [of]; [ᴹQ.] ablative element”
Q., ᴱQ., ᴹQ. o prep. “from”
Q. öa adv. “away (of movement)”
Q. öar adv. “away from”
Q. silo adv. “hence”
Q. talo adv. “thence”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. va prep. “(away) from, [ᴹQ.] away, [ᴱQ.] gone forth; ⚠️with”
ᴹQ. vahai(y)a adv. “far away”
⚠️ᴱQ. vandë¹ adv. “away, hence, forth”; see instead:
Q. au¹ “away, off, not here (of position)”
⚠️Q. var adv. “*from, away to”
ᴺQ. !yallo adv. “whence”

12.41 Right (vs. Left)

Q. for- pref. “right-hand, north”
Q. forma n. “right-hand”
Q., ᴹQ. #formaitë adj. “righthanded, ⚠️dexterous”
ᴹQ. fortë (forti-) adj. “right or north”
ᴹQ. forya adj. “right (hand), dexter”
⚠️ᴱQ. póya adj. “[unglossed]”

12.42 Left (vs. Right)

Q. hyarma n. “left hand”
ᴹQ. hyarmaitë adj. “left-handed”
ᴹQ. hyarya adj. “left (hand)”
⚠️ᴱQ. malenca adj. “left handed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hyarmaitë “left-handed”

12.43 Near

Q. am(be)na adv. “nearer to”
ᴺQ. !amna adv. “almost”
ᴹQ. an(ner) adv. “at hand”
Q., ᴹQ. ar- pref. “by-, beside, near; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] outside”
⚠️ᴱQ. ar² (as-) prep. “to, against, next, on (wall)”; see instead:
Q. ar(a) “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”
Q. pá “touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, [ᴹQ.] about”
Q. ar “and; ⚠️[ᴱQ., ᴹQ.] but”
Q., ᴹQ. ar(a) prep. “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^arë adv. “beside, along, near”
ᴺQ. !arëa adj. “close, nearby”
ᴺQ. !arëassë n. “proximity, vicinity, nearness”
⚠️ᴱQ. har(ë) adv. “near”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^arë “beside, along, near”
ᴺQ. !harivë adv. “closely, nearly”
⚠️Q. hí adv. “here”; see instead:
Q. sís “here”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyá adv. “here by us”; see instead:
Q. sís “here”
⚠️ᴱQ. hya¹ pron. “this by us”; see instead:
Q. si¹ “this”
⚠️ᴱQ. hya² prep. “by”; see instead:
Q. ar(a) “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”
⚠️ᴱQ. ma¹ prep. “*by”; see instead:
Q. lé² “with, [ᴹQ.] by, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)”
ᴺQ. !menda adv. “approximately, circa, about, (orig.) towards the direction”
ᴺQ. !pelas prep. “along, (lit.) by the boundary of”
ᴹQ. símen adv. “here”
Q., ᴹQ. sinomë adv. “here, (lit.) in this place”
Q. sís adv. “here”
⚠️ᴱQ. tangë¹ adv. “close to, by”; see instead:
Q. ar(a) “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”
⚠️ᴱQ. tangë² (tangi-) adj. “close, near”; see instead:
Q. ar(a) “beside, next [to], *by; ⚠️out, [ᴹQ.] outside”

12.44 Far

ᴹQ. avahaira adj. “*far beyond, very remote”
ᴹQ. eccaira adj. “?out-far”
Q. haila adj. “far beyond”
ᴺQ. !hailë n. “removal, distancing”
ᴹQ. haira adj. “remote, far”
ᴺQ. !hairië n. “distance, (lit.) farness”
ᴹQ. haiya adv. “far off, far away”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hayassë n. “distance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hairië “distance, (lit.) farness”
Q., ᴹQ. palan adj. and adv. “far, wide, afar, distant; [ᴹQ.] to a great extent, over a wide space, to a distance”
Q., ᴹQ. palantír n. “far-gazer, far-seer, (lit.) that which looks far away”
Q. tanomë adv. “there, (lit.) in the place (referred to)”
Q., ᴹQ. tassë adv. “there”
ᴹQ. yassë adv. “there [relative]; ⚠️once upon a time”

12.45 East

⚠️ᴱQ. Ambalar n. “the East”; see instead:
Q. Ambaróna “Eastern (Land)”
Q., ᴹQ. (h)róna adj. “eastern, east”
⚠️ᴱQ. oronto n. “East, rising (of the sun)”; see instead:
Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise”
Q. orróna adj. “eastern”
Q. ro- pref. “uprising, sunrise, east”
Q., ᴹQ. rómen n. “east, uprising, sunrise”
ᴹQ. rómenya adj. “eastern”

12.46 West

Q. andú- pref. “going down, setting (of sun), west”
Q. andúna adj. “western”
Q. nú- pref. “going down, setting (of sun), west”
⚠️ᴱQ. númëa adj. “in the west, western”; see instead:
Q. núna “western”
Q., ᴹQ. númen n. “west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down”
⚠️ᴱQ. numenda adj. “western”; see instead:
Q. núna “western”
ᴹQ. númenya adj. “western”
Q. núna adj. “western”

12.47 North

Q., ᴹQ. formen n. “north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]”
ᴹQ. formenya adj. “northern”
Q. forna adj. “northern”
ᴺQ. !fornúmen n. and adj. “northwest”
ᴺQ. !fornúna adj. “northwestern”
ᴺQ. !forrómen n. and adj. “northeast”
ᴺQ. !forróna adj. “northeastern”
⚠️ᴱQ. pómë n. “north”; see instead:
Q. formen “north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]”
⚠️ᴱQ. pómëa adj. “northern”; see instead:
Q. forna “northern”
⚠️ᴱQ. pómëar n. “northern man, norseman”

12.48 South

Q. hyar- pref. “left-hand, south”
Q., ᴹQ. hyarmen n. “south, (lit.) left-hand direction”
ᴹQ. hyarmenya adj. “southern”
Q. hyarna¹ adj. “southern”
ᴺQ. !hyarnúmen n. “southwest”
ᴺQ. !hyarnúna adj. “southwestern”
ᴺQ. !hyarrómen n. “southeast”
ᴺQ. !hyarróna adj. “southeastern”

12.51 Form, Shape

ᴺQ. !cacátu- v. “to design, shape or fashion slowly”
⚠️ᴹQ. canta- v. “to shape”; see instead:
Q. cat- “to shape, fashion”
Q., ᴹQ. canta² n. “shape, framework, [ᴹQ.] frame; shaped”
ᴹQ. cantëa adj. “shapely”
Q. #cantië n. “pattern”
Q. cat- v. “to shape, fashion”
⚠️ᴺQ. !eccat- v. “to fashion, make”; see instead:
Q. cat- “to shape, fashion”
ᴺQ. !nó n. “design”
ᴺQ. !ocantië n. “pattern”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tan- v. “to make, fashion”; see instead:
Q. cat- “to shape, fashion”
⚠️ᴱQ. táqua n. “form, shape”; see instead:
Q. canta² “shape, framework, [ᴹQ.] frame; shaped”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽terenwa adj. “shapely, well tuned”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cantëa “shapely”
Q. maitë “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
⚠️ᴱQ. venië n. “shape, cut”; see instead:
Q. canta² “shape, framework, [ᴹQ.] frame; shaped”
ᴹQ. rista “cut”
⚠️ᴱQ. venta- v. “to cut, shape”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rista- “to cut”
Q. cat- “to shape, fashion”

12.52 Size

ᴺQ. !höassë n. “size”

12.53 to Grow

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^alalla- v. “*to keep on growing”
⚠️ᴹQ. alta- v. “to (make) grow”; see instead:
Q. ala-¹ “to grow (of plants) [intr. and trans.], plant; *to thrive, flourish (of other creatures)”
ᴹQ. alwa adj. “well-grown”
Q. lauya- v. “to flourish (green), grow”
⚠️ᴱQ. lotórëa adj. “flourishing”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^olanwa adj. “fully grown, adult, mature”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^olasta n. “growth”
⚠️ᴹQ. olastë n. “growth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^olasta “growth”
⚠️ᴹQ. olinwa adj. “fully grown, adult”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^olanwa “fully grown, adult, mature”
Q. olmië n. “growth”
⚠️ᴹQ. ololla- v. “*to keep on growing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^alalla- “*to keep on growing”

12.54 to Measure

ᴺQ. !cilometer n. “kilometer”
ᴺQ. !etelesta- v. “to measure (out)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !húmeter n. “kilometre, km”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cilometer “kilometer”
Q. lár n. “league; †stop, pause”
ᴺQ. !larnelta n. “mile; *(lit.) league third”
ᴹQ. #lesta n. “measure”
ᴺQ. !lesta- v. “to measure”
ᴺQ. !perranga n. “cubit”
Q. ranga n. “yard, full pace”
ᴹQ. rangwë n. “fathom”
ᴺQ. !rangwië n. “fathom(ing), spatial reckoning/consideration”
ᴺQ. !restandië n. “furlong”
ᴺQ. !sentimeter n. “centimeter”
⚠️ᴱQ. talma¹ n. “weight, measure”; see instead:
Q. massë² “portion, share; capacity, [ᴹQ.] measure; the personal measure or capacity of a man, a talent; [Q.] †handful”
⚠️ᴱQ. talmë n. “weight (abst.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lungumë “weight, heaviness”

12.55 Big, Large, Great

ᴹQ. alta adj. “large, great in size”
⚠️Q. haura¹ adj. “huge”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”
Q. höa adj. “big, large”
⚠️Q. molda adj. “big, large”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alta “large, great in size”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. polda adj. “big; [ᴹQ.] strong, burly; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mighty, powerful”
Q. túra adj. “great, ⚠️big”
⚠️ᴹQ. úra adj. “large”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alta “large, great in size”
⚠️Q. velca adj. “large, great, big”; see instead:
Q. túra “great, ⚠️big”
⚠️ᴱQ. velicë (velici-) adj. “great, large”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alta “large, great in size”
⚠️ᴱQ. velixë adv. “greatly”
⚠️ᴱQ. yanta¹ adj. “large”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”

12.56 Small, Little

ᴺQ. !alapihta adj. “unshrunk”
⚠️Q. cinta adj. “small”; see instead:
Q. níca “little, small”
⚠️ᴱQ. inya adj. “tiny”; see instead:
ᴹQ. titta “tiny, little”
ᴹQ. inya¹ “female”
⚠️ᴱQ. micë adv. “little, a (little) bit; diminutive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nicë “little, a bit”
⚠️ᴱQ. minwa adj. “small”; see instead:
Q. #nitya “little”
⚠️ᴹQ. mitsa adj. “small”; see instead:
Q. #nitya “little”
⚠️ᴱQ. mitya adj. “little (in quantity)”; see instead:
Q. #nitya “little”
ᴹQ. míwa adj. “small, tiny, frail”
Q. níca adj. “little, small”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nicë adv. “little, a bit”
ᴺQ. !nihta- v. “to reduce, make small”
ᴺQ. !nihtana adj. “reduced, minor”
Q. nípa adj. “small (usually with connotation of weakness)”
Q. #nitya adj. “little”
⚠️Q. pia adj. “little”; see instead:
Q. pitya “petty, little”
Q. picina adj. “little”
ᴺQ. !pihta- v. “to shrink”
⚠️ᴱQ. pínëa adj. “small”; see instead:
Q. pitya “petty, little”
⚠️ᴱQ. pinilya adj. “small”; see instead:
Q. pitya “petty, little”
ᴺQ. !píta- v. “to reduce, decrease”
Q. pitya adj. “petty, little”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. titta adj. “tiny, little”

12.565 Bit, Small Thing

ᴺQ. !astaincë n. “particle”
⚠️ᴺQ. !atomë n. “atom”; see instead:
Q. #únehta “*atom”
⚠️ᴺQ. !atomëa adj. “atomic”; see instead:
Q. #únehta “*atom”
ᴺQ. !hraitasta n. “detail”
⚠️ᴱQ. mië² n. “bit, small piece”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nihta “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”
⚠️ᴱQ. min¹ (mind-) n. “bit, piece”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nihta “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”
ᴺQ. !mitsavëo n. “micro-organism”
⚠️ᴱQ. mitta² n. “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nihta “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”
ᴺQ. !moleculë n. “molecule”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nihta n. “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”
⚠️ᴱQ. pí n. “speck, spot, dot, mote”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tixë “dot, tiny mark, point”
Q. pí “small insect, fly, *mite, gnat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] speck, spot, dot, mote”
ᴺQ. !poroton n. “proton”
Q. #únehta n. “*atom”

12.57 Long

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. anda adj. “long, far”
Q., ᴹQ. andavë adv. “long, at great length”
ᴺQ. !andë n. “length”
⚠️ᴱQ. ande(a) (andi-) adj. “long (of space)”; see instead:
Q. anda “long, far”
ᴹQ. ando² adv. “long”
⚠️ᴱQ. -léni suf. “long”
⚠️ᴱQ. limbelu adv. “*long”
⚠️ᴱQ. sóra² adj. “long, trailing”

12.58 Tall

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. aiqua adj. “steep, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aiqualë n. “steepness, a steep [thing]”
Q., ᴹQ. halla adj. “tall”
⚠️ᴱQ. oronta adj. “steep”; see instead:
ᴹQ. aiqua “steep, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief”
ᴹQ. tunda adj. “tall”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyulin adj. “tall”; see instead:
Q. halla “tall”

12.59 Short

Q. nauca adj. “stunted, shortened, dwarf(ed)”
Q. senna [þ] adj. “short”
ᴺQ. !senta- [þ] v. “to shorten”
⚠️ᴹQ. sinta [þ] adj. “short”; see instead:
Q. senna “short”

12.61 Wide, Broad

⚠️ᴱQ. †aica adj. “broad, vast”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. landa¹ adj. “wide, [ᴱQ.] broad”
⚠️Q. naira¹ [ñ-] adj. “vast, wide, empty”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”
Q. naira² “dreadful, horrible, unendurable, [ᴱQ.] dire, grievous”
Q. palda adj. “wide, broad, *expansive”
⚠️ᴹQ. palla adj. “wide, expansive”; see instead:
Q. palda “wide, broad, *expansive”
Q. palla “far beyond”
Q. yána adj. “wide, vast, huge”
⚠️Q. yanda adj. “wide”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”
⚠️Q. yonda² adj. “wide, roomy, extensive”; see instead:
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”

12.62 Narrow

ᴺQ. !ahta- v. “to narrow (tr. and intr.); ⚠️to besiege [with os]”
ᴺQ. !ahtassë n. “narrowing, ⚠️siege”
ᴹQ. arca adj. “narrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. colwa adj. “narrow, thin”; see instead:
Q. náha “narrow, *thin”
⚠️ᴱQ. fingil n. “narrows, straits, gulf”; see instead:
Q. (a)nacca “narrows, defile, pass, cut”
⚠️ᴱQ. fingwa adj. “narrow”; see instead:
Q. náha “narrow, *thin”
ᴹQ. arca “narrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. lenuva adj. “tight, narrow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. arca “narrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. lenwa adj. “long and thin, straight, narrow”; see instead:
Q. náha “narrow, *thin”
ᴹQ. téra “straight, right, *correct”
Q. náha adj. “narrow, *thin”

12.63 Thick (in Dimension)

⚠️ᴱQ. fambo n. “fat man”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
⚠️ᴱQ. fauca adj. “fat, large”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
⚠️Q. ?leluya adj. “thick (of a single thing)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
⚠️ᴺQ. !palúna adj. “swollen”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuya- “to swell, grow fat”
⚠️ᴱQ. piute- v. “to flourish, batten, grow fat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuya- “to swell, grow fat”
ᴹQ. piuta- “to spit”
ᴺQ. !pulta- v. “to make swell, leaven”
⚠️ᴱQ. pulu- v. “to swell (intr.)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuya- “to swell, grow fat”
⚠️ᴱQ. pyúva adj. “fat”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tiuca adj. “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
ᴹQ. tiuya- v. “to swell, grow fat”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyúca¹ adj. “thick”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”

12.64 Thick (in Density)

⚠️Q., ᴹQ. hyarna² adj. “compact, [ᴹQ.] compressed”; see instead:
Q. #hyando “cleaver, [ᴹQ.] hewer (sword)”
Q. hyarna¹ “southern”
Q. sanga “press, pressure; throng, [ᴹQ.] crowd, pack; [ᴱQ.] tight mass; [ᴹQ.] crowded, packed”
ᴺQ. !nelca adj. “dense”
ᴺQ. [Q.] nelya- v. “to thicken, congeal”
⚠️ᴱQ. sangwa adj. “tight, thick, dense, tough, hard”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nelca “dense”
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiura adj. “compact”
⚠️ᴱQ. tiurë (tiuri-) adj. “compact”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tiura “compact”
⚠️ᴱQ. tunga adj. “thick, dense”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
ᴺQ. !nelca “dense”
ᴹQ. tunga “taut, tight; resonant (of strings)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyúrë (tyúri-) adj. “stout, dense, compact”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nelca “dense”
ᴺQ. tiura “compact”

12.65 Thin (in Dimension)

Q. #fimbë (fimbi-) adj. “slender, *thin”
⚠️ᴺQ. !linya adj. “lean, thin, meagre”; see instead:
Q. #fimbë “slender, *thin”
ᴹQ. linya “pool”
⚠️ᴱQ. minya¹ adj. “fine, slender”; see instead:
Q. lelya “delicate, beautiful and fine, slender, lovely”
ᴹQ. nindë adj. “slender”
⚠️ᴱQ. pinquë (pinqui-) adj. “slender, thin”; see instead:
Q. #fimbë “slender, *thin”
⚠️ᴱQ. pinquisil(da) (pinquisild-) adj. “(slender and) tapering”; see instead:
Q. #fimbë “slender, *thin”
⚠️ᴱQ. sild(r)a adj. “slender”; see instead:
Q. #fimbë “slender, *thin”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. teren adj. “slender; [ᴱQ.] lissom, lithe”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tereva adj. “fine, acute, *keen; [ᴱQ.] sharp, piercing, shrill [of sound]; acute (pain)”

12.66 Thin (in Density)

⚠️ᴱQ. filumë adj. “gossamer”
⚠️ᴱQ. filwa adj. “fine, thin”; see instead:
Q. #fimbë “slender, *thin”
Q. finda² adj. “fine and delicately made”
ᴺQ. !henca adj. “rare (as opposite of dense)”
ᴺQ. !necermëa adj. “insubstantial, immaterial”

12.67 Deep

ᴹQ. núra adj. “deep”
ᴺQ. !núrië n. “depth (abstract)”
Q. orda adj. “profound”
Q. tumbalë n. “depth, deep valley”

12.71 Flat

ᴺQ. !caimen n. “horizontal direction”
ᴺQ. !caimenya adj. “horizontal”
⚠️ᴱQ. enquë² (enqui-) n. “plane, level”; see instead:
ᴺQ. palo “plane (surface), the flat, *level, flatness; ⚠️plain”
Q. enquë “six”
ᴺQ. !lára- v. “to flatten, level”
ᴹQ. lára¹ adj. “flat”
ᴹQ. palmë n. “surface”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] palo (palu-) n. “plane (surface), the flat, *level, flatness; ⚠️plain”
⚠️ᴱQ. paluva adj. “even, flat, level”; see instead:
ᴺQ. palwa “even, level, flat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] palwa adj. “even, level, flat”

12.72 Hollow, Concave

Q. #náva¹ adj. “hollow”
⚠️ᴱQ. ronta adj. “hollow”; see instead:
Q. #náva¹ “hollow”
⚠️ᴱQ. róta n. “tube, hollow cylinder”; see instead:
ᴺQ. rotsë “pipe, tube”
ᴺQ. pirinumbë “cylinder (hollow)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rotsë n. “pipe, tube”
ᴹQ. unca- v. “to hollow out”
ᴹQ. unqua adj. “hollow”
Q., ᴹQ. unquë n. “hollow, [ᴹQ.] cavity, hole”

12.73 Straight

⚠️ᴱQ. tëa¹ adj. “straight”; see instead:
ᴹQ. téra “straight, right, *correct”
ᴹQ. tëa “straight line, ⚠️road”
ᴹQ. téra adj. “straight, right, *correct”
ᴺQ. !térata- v. “to straighten”
ᴺQ. !tératië n. “correction, (lit.) straightening”
⚠️ᴱQ. tína adj. “straight”; see instead:
ᴹQ. téra “straight, right, *correct”

12.74 Crooked

⚠️ᴱQ. cauca adj. “crooked, bent, bowed, humped”; see instead:
Q. raica “crooked, [ᴹQ.] bent, wrong”
Q. numba “bent, humped”
ᴹQ. hwarin adj. “crooked”
⚠️ᴱQ. perequa adj. “crooked”; see instead:
Q. raica “crooked, [ᴹQ.] bent, wrong”
Q., ᴹQ. raica adj. “crooked, [ᴹQ.] bent, wrong”
ᴹQ. rempa adj. “crooked, hooked”

12.75 Hook, Crook

Q., ᴹQ. ampa n. “hook, [ᴹQ.] crook”
ᴹQ. atsa¹ n. “claw, catch, hook”
⚠️ᴱQ. lempë² n. “crook, hook”; see instead:
Q. ampa “hook, [ᴹQ.] crook”
⚠️ᴱQ. lepta¹ adj. “hooked (as a tendril)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rempa “crooked, hooked”
ᴺQ. !lingil n. “hanger, hook (for clothes)”
⚠️ᴱQ. unqu-¹ v. “to hook into, catch (fish), catch in, etc.”

12.76 Angle, Corner

Q. nehtë¹ n. “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nelqua adj. “cornered, *angled”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelt n. “corner (from outside)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^neltë “corner”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^neltë n. “corner”
ᴹQ. neltil (neltild-) n. “triangle”
Q. nexa adj. “sharp, angular”
⚠️ᴺQ. !vennassë n. “angle”; see instead:
Q. nehtë¹ “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle”
⚠️ᴱQ. winca n. “corner, nook”

12.77 Cross

ᴹQ. hwarma n. “crossbar”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tarwë n. “cross, crucifix”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tarwesta- v. “to crucify”

12.78 Square

ᴺQ. !cantil (cantild-) n. “quadrangle, *quadrilateral, rectangle, square”
ᴺQ. !cantilya adj. “quadrangular”
ᴺQ. !lincantilda adj. “checkered; (lit.) many-squared”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldenelqua n. “square, quadrilateral”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cantil “quadrangle, *quadrilateral, rectangle, square”
ᴹQ. neltil “triangle”

12.81 Round

⚠️ᴱQ. cómëa adj. “globe-shaped, round”; see instead:
ᴹQ. corna “round, globed”
⚠️ᴱQ. corima adj. “round”; see instead:
ᴹQ. corna “round, globed”
ᴹQ. corna adj. “round, globed”
⚠️ᴺQ. !coro prep. “around”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !os “around, about, ⚠️round”
ᴺQ. !os prep. “around, about, ⚠️round”
ᴺQ. !oscaita- v. “to surround, (lit.) around-lie”
ᴺQ. !ossa adj. “surrounding”
ᴺQ. !ossië n. “surroundings”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. pel- v. “to go round, encircle; [ᴱQ.] to surround, fence in, pen in; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to revolve, return”
⚠️ᴱQ. rimni adv. “around, all around”
⚠️ᴱQ. #rinci adj. “orbed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. corna “round, globed”
⚠️ᴱQ. toloisë adj. “rounded, cylindrical”
⚠️ᴱQ. werin(a) adj. “round”; see instead:
ᴹQ. corna “round, globed”
ᴺQ. pirindëa “cylindrical”

12.82 Circle

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. corin n. “circular enclosure, [ᴱQ.] great circular hedge”
Q. #corto n. “circle”
ᴹQ. panda n. “enclosure”
ᴺQ. !pepella- v. “to circulate, orbit”
⚠️ᴱQ. pirimbë n. “ring, circle”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rindë “circle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pirindëa adj. “cylindrical”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pirinumbë n. “cylinder (hollow)”
⚠️ᴱQ. rinco n. “disc, orb, circle”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rindë “circle”
ᴹQ. rinda adj. “circular”
ᴹQ. rindë n. “circle”

12.83 Sphere

⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cóma n. “*ball”; see instead:
ᴹQ. coron “globe, ball”
ᴹQ. pamba “ball”
ᴹQ. coron (corn-) n. “globe, ball”
⚠️ᴱQ. cut (cupt-) n. “lump, ball”; see instead:
Q. luppo “clumsy piece or lump”
ᴹQ. pamba n. “ball”
ᴺQ. !percoron n. “hemisphere”
ᴺQ. !rempamba(lë) n. “basketball”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolupë (tolupi-) n. “roll, ball of wool”

12.84 Line

ᴺQ. !nyarda n. “list, (lit.) product of recitation”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rimpë¹ (rimpi-) n. “stripe, strip”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] rimpina adj. “striped”
ᴺQ. !sár (sar-) n. “(incised) mark, notch, tally; (generalized) score (of game or contest)”
ᴹQ. tëa n. “straight line, ⚠️road”
Q., ᴹQ. téma n. “series, [ᴹQ.] row, line”

12.85 Hole

⚠️ᴱQ. apsa n. “hole, opening”; see instead:
ᴹQ. assa¹ “hole, perforation, opening, mouth”
ᴹQ. assa¹ n. “hole, perforation, opening, mouth”
ᴺQ. !ecca n. “hole, *lair”
ᴹQ. latta¹ n. “hole, pit”
⚠️ᴱQ. nolmo n. “pit”; see instead:
ᴹQ. latta¹ “hole, pit”
⚠️Q. samna n. “delved hole, pit”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sapta “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
⚠️ᴱQ. sapsa n. “pit, grave”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sapta “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sapta n. “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sat (sap-) n. “pit, [ᴱQ.] hole”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sapta “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
ᴹQ. terra n. “fine pierced hole”
⚠️ᴱQ. tunda n. “hole”
⚠️ᴹQ. tundo² (tundu-) n. “hole”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tundo¹ “hill, mound [isolated]”
⚠️ᴹQ. uphto n. “pit”

12.91 Equal, Alike

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^arcólima adj. “equivalent, (lit.) beside-bear-able”
⚠️ᴱQ. aryúlima adj. “equal, equivalent”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^arcólima “equivalent, (lit.) beside-bear-able”
Q. im- pref. “same, self”
ᴺQ. !imbalandë n. “equality”
⚠️ᴱQ. iminqua adj. “exactly alike, identical”; see instead:
Q. imya “same, identical, self-same”
Q. imma pron. “same, self-same, same thing”
Q. imya adj. “same, identical, self-same”
ᴺQ. !imyalë n. “sameness”
⚠️ᴱQ. inqua adj. “same”; see instead:
Q. imya “same, identical, self-same”
⚠️ᴱQ. inquavíca adj. “exactly alike, identical”; see instead:
Q. imya “same, identical, self-same”
⚠️ᴱQ. inquilë n. “sameness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !imyalë “sameness”
ᴺQ. !nwátengwë [ñ-] n. “irony, (lit.) disguise-token”
ᴺQ. !(o)combëa adj. “collective, assembled, cooperative, concerted, corporate, consolidated”

12.92 Like, Similar

⚠️ᴱQ. avíca adj. “very much alike”; see instead:
Q. véla “*alike, having a likeness or similarity”
ᴺQ. !epemma n. “example”
ᴺQ. !hócilmë n. “example, outtake, selection, representative item”
ᴺQ. [Q.] *ovëa adj. “(con)similar, alike”
⚠️Q. ovéa adj. “(con)similar, alike”; see instead:
ᴺQ. *ovëa “(con)similar, alike”
⚠️ᴱQ. senda adj. “like, something like, similar”; see instead:
Q. véla “*alike, having a likeness or similarity”
ᴹQ. senda “resting, at peace”
⚠️ᴱQ. sesta- v. “to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !véta- “to compare, liken”
ᴺQ. !ovëanta- “to imitate, make like”
ᴺQ. !sesta- “to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sestë n. “similarity”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vélamë “similarity”
⚠️ᴱQ. sestima adj. “comparable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vétaima “comparable”
Q. sillë adv. “like this”
⚠️ᴱQ. sovëa adj. “alike”; see instead:
ᴺQ. *ovëa “(con)similar, alike”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vëasta n. “comparison, ⚠️resemblance”
Q. véla adj. “*alike, having a likeness or similarity”
ᴺQ. !vélamë n. “similarity”
ᴺQ. !véta- v. “to compare, liken”
ᴺQ. !vétaima adj. “comparable”
⚠️ᴱQ. vícana- v. “to compare”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !véta- “to compare, liken”
⚠️ᴱQ. -vícë suf. “as”
⚠️ᴱQ. vícë adj. “like”; see instead:
Q. véla “*alike, having a likeness or similarity”
Q. yosanwë n. “(pl.) congruence”

12.925 Different, Other

ᴺQ. !alavéla adj. “different, various [pl.]”
⚠️ᴺQ. !alimya adj. “different, (lit.) not-same”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alavéla “different, various [pl.]”
⚠️ᴱQ. etya adj. “other (of two)”; see instead:
Q. hyana “other”
⚠️ᴱQ. etyo n. “other (of two)”; see instead:
Q. hyë “other person, him (the other)”
⚠️Q. exa adj. “other”; see instead:
Q. hyana “other”
⚠️Q. exë n. “the other”; see instead:
Q. hyë “other person, him (the other)”
Q. hya² pron. “other thing”
ᴺQ. !hyallë adv. “otherwise, another way, differently”
Q. hyana adj. “other”
ᴺQ. !hyanwë n. “difference”
ᴺQ. !hyaqui conj. “or else, otherwise”
Q. hyë pron. “other person, him (the other)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lavéla adj. “different, dissimilar”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alavéla “different, various [pl.]”
ᴺQ. !lincantëa adj. “diverse, (lit.) many shaped”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyan(do) n. “another, other (of many)”; see instead:
Q. hya² “other thing”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyanya adj. “another, other (of many)”; see instead:
Q. enta “another, one more; [ᴹQ.] that yonder, then (fut.); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)”
Q. hyana “other”
⚠️ᴱQ. vára adj. “other”; see instead:
Q. hyana “other”
ᴹQ. vára “soiled, dirty”
⚠️ᴱQ. varya adj. “different”

12.93 to Change

Q. #ahya- v. “to change”
ᴺQ. !alavistaima adj. “unchangeable”
⚠️ᴺQ. !alavistima adj. “unchangeable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alavistaima “unchangeable”
ᴺQ. !lancanta- v. “to transform, turn into (trans.)”
Q. valwistë [w] n. “change of mind”
⚠️ᴱQ. varta n. “change”; see instead:
Q. *vistë “change”
ᴺQ. !virítë adj. “various, variable”
Q. virya- v. “to change, alternate”
Q. vista- v. “to change (transitive)”
Q. *vistë [w] n. “change”
⚠️Q. wirnë n. “change”; see instead:
Q. *vistë “change”

12.94 Sign

⚠️ᴹQ. narwë n. “sign, token”; see instead:
Q. tanna¹ “sign, token”
Q. tanna¹ n. “sign, token”

13. Quantity and Number

13.11 Amount, Quantity

ᴺQ. [Q.] nonwë n. “calculation, sum, *total”
Q. #nótië n. “*counting”
ᴺQ. !(o)notasta n. “amount”
⚠️ᴱQ. quotta n. “sum, number, account, total”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nótë “number”
ᴺQ. nonwë “calculation, sum, *total”
Q. únotë(a) adj. “not counted, uncounted”
Q. únótima adj. “numberless, innumerable, countless, difficult/impossible to count”

13.12 Number

⚠️ᴹQ. avanótë adj. “without number, numberless”; see instead:
Q. únótima “numberless, innumerable, countless, difficult/impossible to count”
ᴹQ. hosta n. “large number”
Q. lanotoitë (lanotoiti-) adj. “innumerable”
⚠️ᴱQ. limbë n. “a number”; see instead:
Q. rimbë “host, great number, [ᴹQ.] crowd”
ᴹQ. nótë n. “number”
Q. #notessë n. “numeral”
ᴺQ. !notessëa adj. “numeral, digital”
Q. nótima adj. “countable, limited in number (weight and measure); (colloquial) moderate in amount, some, few, several”
⚠️ᴱQ. tanta n. “number”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nótë “number”
⚠️ᴱQ. #tasinwa adj. “numbered”
⚠️ᴱQ. -wen suf. “*number suffix”

13.13 Whole

Q. aqua adv. “fully, completely, altogether, wholly”
⚠️ᴱQ. caina² adj. “whole”
⚠️ᴱQ. caino n. “whole”
ᴺQ. !qua(na) adj. and pron. “all, complete, entire, full, the whole”

13.14 All, Every

Q. #il- pref. “every, *all”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ilinomë n. “everywhere”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ildomë “everywhere”
Q. illi n. “all”
ᴹQ. ilqua n. “everything, all”
Q. ilquen pron. “everybody, *everyone”
Q., ᴹQ. ilya adj. “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”
⚠️ᴱQ. máca adj. “each, every”; see instead:
Q. ilya “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”
⚠️ᴱQ. oma n. “everywhere”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ildomë “everywhere”
⚠️ᴱQ. omarimni adv. “everywhere about”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ildomë “everywhere”
⚠️ᴱQ. ompa adj. “each; all, every”; see instead:
Q. ilya “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”
Q. ompa
⚠️ᴱQ. ompinasta n. “everyone”; see instead:
Q. ilquen “everybody, *everyone”
⚠️ᴱQ. on(t) (om-) n. “everything”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ilqua “everything, all”
⚠️ᴹQ. quáqui adv. “all”; see instead:
Q. ilya “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”

13.15 Much, Many

ᴺQ. !amë adv. “much”
ᴺQ. !amya adj. “much”
ᴹQ. lauta- v. “to abound”
⚠️ᴱQ. lia(r) adj. “many”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lina “many”
ᴺQ. !lillumë adv. “many times, often”
⚠️ᴱQ. limba adj. “many”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rimba “frequent, numerous”
ᴺQ. !lina “many”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #li(n)- pref. “many”
ᴺQ. !lina adj. “many”
ᴺQ. !linima adj. “of many kinds, manifold”
ᴺQ. !linitë adj. “plural”
ᴺQ. !lio adv. “much”
⚠️ᴱQ. olli adj. “many”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lina “many”
⚠️ᴱQ. olt pron. “much (subst.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lio “much”
⚠️ᴱQ. olya adv. “much”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lio “much”
ᴹQ. rimba adj. “frequent, numerous”
Q. -úmë suf. “[large], of quantity”

13.16 More

Q. amba² adj. and pron. “more”
Q. ambë adv. “more”
ᴺQ. !AQ v. “P.S., postscriptum, abbreviation of an quetta”
Q. arta¹ adv. “etcetera”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. enta adj. “another, one more; [ᴹQ.] that yonder, then (fut.); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)”
Q. entë¹ adv. “moreover, further(more), what is more; *next (of time or in a sequence)”
Q. net(ë) n. “one more beyond (the middle)”
⚠️ᴱQ. olda adj. “more; much”; see instead:
Q. amba² “more”
⚠️ᴱQ. oldo(s) adv. “more”; see instead:
Q. ambë “more”

13.165 to Add, Increase

ᴺQ. !lita- v. “to multiply”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^meletya- v. “to magnify”
Q. napan- v. “to add”
⚠️ᴱQ. olto- v. “to increase, multiply”; see instead:
ᴺQ. yanta-² “to add to, enlarge, increase, augment”
⚠️ᴱQ. velitya- v. “to magnify”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^meletya- “to magnify”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] yanta-² v. “to add to, enlarge, increase, augment”

13.17 Few, Little

ᴺQ. !ampícië adv. “less”
ᴺQ. !annún adv. “at least”
⚠️ᴱQ. manca adj. “few”
ᴺQ. !undë adv. “less”
ᴺQ. !undo adj. and pron. “less”

13.18 Enough

ᴹQ. fárëa adj. “enough, sufficient”
ᴹQ. faren adv. “enough”
ᴹQ. ufárëa adj. “not enough”
Q., ᴱQ. úmëa adj. “abundant, swarming, teeming; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] in very great number, very large, [ᴱQ.] large”
⚠️ᴹQ. úvëa adj. “abundant, in very great number, very large”; see instead:
Q. úmëa “abundant, swarming, teeming; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] in very great number, very large, [ᴱQ.] large”

13.181 Sufficiency

ᴺQ. !enet- adj. “spare, extra, more than needed”
ᴺQ. !enetya adj. “spare, extra, more than needed”
ᴹQ. farmë n. “sufficiency, plenitude, all that is wanted”
ᴹQ. farya- v. “to suffice”
⚠️ᴹQ. úvë n. “abundance, great quantity”; see instead:
Q. úmë “great collection or crowd of things of the same sort; [ᴹQ.] abundance, ⚠️great quantity; [Q.] throng”

13.182 to Suffice

ᴺQ. !farta- v. “to sate, satisfy”

13.19 Crowd, Multitude

ᴺQ. !comë (comi-) n. “group”
⚠️ᴱQ. horma n. “horde, host”; see instead:
Q. rimbë “host, great number, [ᴹQ.] crowd”
ᴹQ. hosto n. “crowd, assembly”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. hyanda n. “pressed mass, crowd, [ᴹQ.] throng”; see instead:
Q. #hyando “cleaver, [ᴹQ.] hewer (sword)”
Q. sanga “press, pressure; throng, [ᴹQ.] crowd, pack; [ᴱQ.] tight mass; [ᴹQ.] crowded, packed”
⚠️ᴱQ. illë (illi-) n. “throng, crowd”; see instead:
Q. sanga “press, pressure; throng, [ᴹQ.] crowd, pack; [ᴱQ.] tight mass; [ᴹQ.] crowded, packed”
⚠️ᴱQ. illia adj. “in multitudes”; see instead:
Q. sanga “press, pressure; throng, [ᴹQ.] crowd, pack; [ᴱQ.] tight mass; [ᴹQ.] crowded, packed”
ᴺQ. !lindóra adv. “millions of, many millions”
Q. liyúmë n. “host”
Q., ᴹQ. rimbë n. “host, great number, [ᴹQ.] crowd”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sanga [þ] n. “press, pressure; throng, [ᴹQ.] crowd, pack; [ᴱQ.] tight mass; [ᴹQ.] crowded, packed”
Q. úma- v. “to teem”

13.192 Other Collective Words

⚠️ᴱQ. anquin n. “bunch”
⚠️ᴱQ. cart (*carp-) n. “bunch, tuft”
Q. heren n. “order, *association”
⚠️ᴱQ. imbilë n. “swarm, flock”; see instead:
Q. umba “swarm”
ᴺQ. lamnarë “flock, *herd”
⚠️ᴱQ. lerendi n. “brotherhood, association, college”; see instead:
ᴹQ. otornassë “brotherhood, *association”
⚠️ᴱQ. lesta n. “gathering, assembly”; see instead:
Q. (o)combë “gathering, assembly, assemblage, collection, *congregation”
Q. #lesta “*girdle”
⚠️ᴱQ. lielesta n. “folk moot”; see instead:
Q. (o)combë “gathering, assembly, assemblage, collection, *congregation”
⚠️ᴱQ. limna n. “sheaf”
Q., ᴹQ. massë² n. “portion, share; capacity, [ᴹQ.] measure; the personal measure or capacity of a man, a talent; [Q.] †handful”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nostalë n. “species, kind, *type, sort; ⚠️nature”
Q. (o)combë n. “gathering, assembly, assemblage, collection, *congregation”
Q. olië n. “company, people together”
Q. ombari n. “company, dwellers together”
ᴺQ. !otornië n. “company, association, alliance”
⚠️ᴱQ. solestë n. “collection”; see instead:
Q. (o)combë “gathering, assembly, assemblage, collection, *congregation”
Q., ᴹQ. -sta¹ suf. “*part; [ᴹQ.] close grouping, ⚠️land”
Q. umba n. “swarm”
Q. úmë n. “great collection or crowd of things of the same sort; [ᴹQ.] abundance, ⚠️great quantity; [Q.] throng”

13.21 Full

ᴺQ. !amaquat- v. “to fulfill, (lit.) up fill”
ᴺQ. !anquantaina adj. “complete, thoroughly filled”
Q. ataquanta- v. “*to refill, fill a second time, double fill”
⚠️ᴱQ. cunta adj. “full”; see instead:
Q. quanta “full, filled; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] whole, all”
Q. enquanta- v. “to refill”
Q., ᴹQ. -inqua suf. “-ful, complete”
Q. penquanta adj. “full to the brim, with mouth full”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. quanta adj. “full, filled; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] whole, all”
Q., ᴱQ. quanta- v. “to fill [something], *(lit.) make full; [ᴱQ.] to complete, *fulfill”
ᴺQ. !quantassë n. “fullness”
Q. quat- v. “to fill, *be filled”
ᴺQ. !tercara adj. “thorough, elaborate, comprehensive”

13.22 Empty

ᴹQ. cúma n. “void”
ᴹQ. cumna adj. “empty”
ᴺQ. !cumya- v. “to empty”
ᴹQ. lusta adj. “void, empty”
ᴺQ. !lustavë adv. “in vain, emptily”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lustië adv. “in vain, emptily”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lustavë “in vain, emptily”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] munta n. “nothing, *zero”
Q. undumë n. “abyss”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úqua pron. “nothing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. munta “nothing, *zero”

13.23 Part

ᴺQ. !satta n. “part (of something)”

13.24 Half

⚠️ᴱQ. lempë³ fraction. “one half”; see instead:
Q. peresta “one half”
⚠️ᴱQ. lempëa² adj. “half”; see instead:
Q. peresta “one half”
⚠️ᴱQ. lenya adj. “half”; see instead:
Q. peresta “one half”
Q., ᴹQ. #per- pref. “half, [ᴹQ.] semi”
Q. peresta fraction. “one half”
Q. #Perian (Periand-) n. “Halfling”
ᴺQ. !permë n. “half; side (of person or shape)”

13.25 Fraction, Division

⚠️Q. caista fraction. “one tenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quaista “one tenth”
Q. ca(na)sta fraction. “one fourth, *quarter”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cantallumë adv. “four times”
⚠️ᴱQ. cantasto fraction. “quarter, one fourth”; see instead:
Q. ca(na)sta “one fourth, *quarter”
⚠️ᴱQ. cantast(y)a fraction. “quarter, one fourth”
⚠️ᴱQ. cëallumë adv. “*ten times”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quëallumë “ten times”
⚠️ᴱQ. cesto fraction. “one tenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quaista “one tenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. cestya fraction. “one tenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quaista “one tenth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] enquellumë adv. “six times”
Q. enquesta fraction. “one sixth”
⚠️ᴱQ. enquesto fraction. “one sixth”; see instead:
Q. enquesta “one sixth”
⚠️ᴱQ. enquest(y)a adj. “one sixth”; see instead:
Q. enquesta “one sixth”
⚠️ᴱQ. huesto fraction. “one ninth”; see instead:
Q. ne(re)sta “one ninth”
⚠️ᴱQ. huest(y)a adj. “one ninth”; see instead:
Q. ne(re)sta “one ninth”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemindëa adj. “quintuple”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lempellumë “five times”
⚠️ᴱQ. leminto fraction. “one fifth”; see instead:
Q. lepesta “one fifth”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemintya fraction. “one fifth”; see instead:
Q. lepesta “one fifth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lempellumë adv. “five times”
Q. lepesta fraction. “one fifth”
⚠️ᴱQ. maisinto fraction. “one thousandth”
⚠️ᴱQ. maisintya fraction. “one thousandth”
⚠️ᴱQ. mindórinto fraction. “one millionth”
⚠️ᴱQ. mindórintya fraction. “one millionth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] minquellumë adv. “eleven times”
Q. minquesta fraction. “*one eleventh”
⚠️ᴱQ. minquesto fraction. “one eleventh”; see instead:
Q. minquesta “*one eleventh”
⚠️ᴱQ. minquest(y)a fraction. “one eleventh”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelce(a)llumë adv. “*thirteen times”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelcesto fraction. “one thirteenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nelquesta “one thirteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelcestya fraction. “one thirteenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nelquesta “one thirteenth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nelquesta fraction. “one thirteenth”
Q. ne(re)sta fraction. “one ninth”
Q. o(to)sta fraction. “one seventh”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] otsollumë adv. “seven times”
⚠️ᴱQ. otsonto fraction. “one seventh”; see instead:
Q. o(to)sta “one seventh”
⚠️ᴱQ. otsontya fraction. “one seventh”; see instead:
Q. o(to)sta “one seventh”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^quaista fraction. “one tenth”
ᴺQ. !quëallumë adv. “ten times”
⚠️ᴱQ. *-sto suf. “fraction suffix”
Q. to(lo)sta fraction. “one eighth”
⚠️ᴱQ. toltosto fraction. “one eighth”
⚠️ᴱQ. toltost(y)a fraction. “one eighth”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxallumë adv. “*hundred times”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxanto fraction. “one hundredth”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxantya fraction. “one hundredth”
ᴺQ. !tuxasta fraction. “one hundredth, *one percent”
⚠️ᴱQ. yucainellumë adv. “*twenty times”
⚠️ᴱQ. yucainento fraction. “one twentieth”
⚠️ᴱQ. yucainentya fraction. “one twentieth”
Q. yunquesta fraction. “*one twelfth”
⚠️ᴱQ. yunquetto fraction. “one twelfth”; see instead:
Q. yunquesta “*one twelfth”

13.31 Numerals

⚠️Q. caistanótië n. “decimal system”; see instead:
Q. maquanotië “decimal system”
⚠️ᴱQ. lempëa¹ adj. “decimal”; see instead:
Q. maquanotië “decimal system”
Q. maquanotië n. “decimal system”

13.32 One

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ellumë adv. “once, one time”
ᴺQ. !erië n. “oneness”
⚠️ᴱQ. eru² adv. “once”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ellumë “once, one time”
ᴺQ. !millumë adv. “once, one time”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. min num. card. “one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”
⚠️ᴱQ. mir num. card. “one”; see instead:
Q. min “one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”
Q. néya adv. “once, at one time”

13.33 Alone, Only

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. er adj. and adv. “one, alone; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] only, a single”
⚠️ᴱQ. er² adv. and conj. “only, but, still”; see instead:
Q. er “one, alone; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] only, a single”
Q. mal “but”
Q. tensi “already, still, up to now/here; yet [from present]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] erda adj. “solitary, deserted”
Q. erdë n. “singularity”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #eressë n. “[ᴹQ.] solitude; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] alone, by oneself, singly, only; once”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. eressëa adj. “lonely”
Q. erinqua adj. “single, alone”
ᴺQ. !eritë adj. “singular”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. erya adj. “single, sole, only”
ᴺQ. !mindata- v. “to isolate, (lit.) make stand out”
Q. rëa adj. “single”
Q. rië² adv. “only”

13.34 First

⚠️ᴱQ. castëa adj. “of the head; head-, capital, chief”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^celuva adj. “original”
⚠️ᴹQ. enna² adj. “first”; see instead:
Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent”
⚠️ᴹQ. essëa¹ adj. “?primary”; see instead:
Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent”
⚠️ᴹQ. esta adj. “first”; see instead:
Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent”
Q. eteminya adj. “prominent”
ᴹQ. héra adj. “chief, principal, *main”
ᴹQ. minda adj. “prominent, conspicuous”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. minya ordinal. and adj. “first; eminent, prominent”
⚠️ᴱQ. minyallumë adv. “firstly”
Q. *tolya adj. “prominent”
Q. #turco¹ n. “chief”

13.35 Last

Q. métima adj. “last, ultimate, final”
⚠️ᴱQ. oilima adj. “last”; see instead:
Q. métima “last, ultimate, final”
⚠️ᴱQ. oilimaitë adj. “final, ultimate, last”; see instead:
Q. métima “last, ultimate, final”
Q. telda adj. “last, final”
ᴺQ. !teldavë adv. “finally”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^telima adj. “final”
ᴹQ. tella adj. “hindmost, last”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^telmëa adj. “conclusive, ⚠️final, end, last; extreme”
Q., ᴱQ. #telu adj. “last; ⚠️end (fate), close”
⚠️ᴱQ. telúmëa adj. “final, conclusive, end; last; extreme”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^telmëa “conclusive, ⚠️final, end, last; extreme”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telusta adj. “outer, extreme, ultimate”
⚠️ᴹQ. tyelima adj. “final”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^telima “final”

13.36 Two

⚠️ᴱQ. aqui adj. “a brace, a couple of, both”; see instead:
Q. yúyo “both”
Q., ᴹQ. atta num. card. “two”
ᴺQ. !attië n. “group of two, couple, pair”
Q. onóna adj. and n. “twin-born; one of a pair of twins”
⚠️ᴱQ. satta adj. “both”; see instead:
Q. yúyo “both”
⚠️ᴱQ. satto adj. “both; the two”; see instead:
Q. atta “two”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. yu- pref. “both, [ᴱQ.] twice”
ᴺQ. !yuitë adj. “dual”
⚠️ᴱQ. yunga n. “twin”; see instead:
Q. onóna “twin-born; one of a pair of twins”
Q., ᴹQ. yúyo adj. “both”

13.37 Second (ordinal)

Q. attëa num. ord. “second”
ᴹQ. neuna adj. “second, *following, next”
Q. †tatya num. ord. “second”

13.38 Double, Twice

Q. atatya adj. “double”
⚠️ᴱQ. attala- v. “?double”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tatya- “to double, repeat”
ᴹQ. atwa adj. “double”
⚠️ᴱQ. potsinallumë adv. “a second time”; see instead:
ᴺQ. yullumë “twice, two times”
⚠️ᴹQ. tanta adj. “double”; see instead:
Q. atatya “double”
ᴹQ. tatya- v. “to double, repeat”
⚠️ᴱQ. *ui adj. “*two”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] yullumë adv. “twice, two times”

13.41 Three

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. neldë num. card. “three; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] four”
⚠️ᴱQ. olë¹ num. card. “three”; see instead:
Q. neldë “three; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] four”

13.42 Third (ordinal)

Q. neldëa num. ord. “third”
Q., ᴱQ. †nelya num. ord. “third”

13.43 a Third (fraction)

Q. nel(d)esta fraction. “one third”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldesto fraction. “one third”; see instead:
Q. nel(d)esta “one third”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldest(y)a adj. “one third”

13.44 Occurring Three Times

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nellumë adv. “thrice, three times”

13.45 Threefold, Triple

ᴹQ. nel- pref. “tri-”

13.54 Cardinal Number

⚠️ᴱQ. atwen num. card. “twenty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuquain “twenty”
⚠️ᴱQ. cai num. card. “ten; (lit.) all fingers”; see instead:
Q. quain “ten”
⚠️ᴱQ. can adv. “four times”
⚠️ᴺQ. !canaquain num. card. “forty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !canquain “forty”
⚠️ᴺQ. *canaquë num. card. “*fourteen”; see instead:
ᴺQ. *canquë “*fourteen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !canaquëan num. card. “forty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !canquain “forty”
⚠️ᴱQ. cancëa num. card. “fourteen”; see instead:
ᴺQ. *canquë “*fourteen”
ᴺQ. !canquain num. card. “forty”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] *canquë num. card. “*fourteen”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. canta¹ num. card. “four”
⚠️ᴱQ. can(ta)cainen num. card. “forty”
⚠️ᴱQ. cantóra num. card. “*four million”
⚠️ᴱQ. cantórë num. card. “quadrillion”
⚠️ᴱQ. cëa num. card. “ten”; see instead:
Q. cëa(n) “ten”
⚠️Q. cëa(n) num. card. “ten”; see instead:
Q. quëan “ten”
⚠️ᴱQ. cëa tuxa num. card. “one hundred ten”
⚠️ᴱQ. cecainen num. card. “hundred (when not multiplied)”
⚠️ᴱQ. endë num. card. “six”; see instead:
Q. enquë “six”
⚠️ᴱQ. eneccainen num. card. “sixty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !enquain “sixty”
⚠️ᴱQ. en(ec)cëa num. card. “sixteen”; see instead:
Q. enenquë “sixteen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !enenquain num. card. “sixty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !enquain “sixty”
Q. enenquë num. card. “sixteen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !enenquëan num. card. “sixty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !enquain “sixty”
ᴺQ. !enquain num. card. “sixty”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. enquë num. card. “six”
⚠️ᴱQ. enquendóra num. card. “*six million”
⚠️ᴱQ. enquendórë num. card. “*sextillion”
⚠️ᴱQ. hualquë num. card. “eighteen”
⚠️ᴱQ. húcëa num. card. “nineteen”; see instead:
Q. neterquë “nineteen”
⚠️ᴱQ. huë num. card. “nine”; see instead:
Q. nertë “nine”
⚠️ᴱQ. huecainen num. card. “ninety”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] húmë num. card. “thousand; †great number”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemin num. card. “five; (lit.) half the fingers”; see instead:
Q. lempë “five”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemincainen num. card. “fifty; twenty three”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemindóra num. card. “*five million”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lependórë “quintillion”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemindórë num. card. “*quintillion”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lependórë “quintillion”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lempë num. card. “five”
⚠️ᴱQ. lempë¹ num. card. “ten”; see instead:
Q. quain “ten”
⚠️ᴱQ. lempessëa adj. “tenfold”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !quëallumë “ten times”
⚠️ᴱQ. lencëa num. card. “fifteen”; see instead:
Q. lepenquë “*fifteen”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lependórë num. card. “quintillion”
ᴺQ. !lepenquain num. card. “fifty”
Q. lepenquë num. card. “*fifteen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lepenquëan num. card. “fifty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lepenquain “fifty”
⚠️ᴱQ. maitë¹ (maisi-) num. card. “thousand”; see instead:
ᴺQ. húmë “thousand; †great number”
Q. maitë “handy, skillful, [ᴹQ.] skilled; [Q.] shapely, well-shaped; (as suffix) having a hand, handed”
⚠️ᴺQ. !mencë num. card. “thousand”; see instead:
ᴺQ. húmë “thousand; †great number”
⚠️ᴱQ. mindóra num. card. “million”; see instead:
ᴺQ. mindórë “million”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mindórë num. card. “million”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. minquë num. card. “eleven”
⚠️ᴱQ. minquecainen num. card. “one hundred ten”
⚠️ᴱQ. minya yucainen num. card. “twenty one”
ᴹQ. nahta² num. card. “eighteen”
⚠️ᴱQ. -(n)dóra suf. “million”; see instead:
ᴺQ. -(n)dórë “-illion, *large number suffix”
ᴺQ., ᴱQ. -(n)dórë suf. “-illion, *large number suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelcëa num. card. “thirteen”; see instead:
Q. *nelquë “*thirteen”
⚠️ᴱQ. nel(de)cainen num. card. “thirty”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelde tuxë num. card. “three hundred”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldóra num. card. “three million”
⚠️ᴱQ. neldórë num. card. “trillion”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nelequain num. card. “thirty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nelquain “thirty”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nelequëan num. card. “thirty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nelquain “thirty”
ᴺQ. !nelquain num. card. “thirty”
Q. *nelquë num. card. “*thirteen”
Q., ᴹQ. nertë num. card. “nine”
ᴺQ. !neterquain num. card. “ninety”
Q. neterquë num. card. “nineteen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !neterquëan num. card. “ninety”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !neterquain “ninety”
⚠️ᴱQ. occëa num. card. “seventeen”; see instead:
Q. otoquë “seventeen”
⚠️ᴱQ. olme(t) num. card. “nine”; see instead:
Q. nertë “nine”
⚠️ᴱQ. olwen num. card. “thirty six”
ᴺQ. !otoquain num. card. “seventy”
Q. otoquë num. card. “seventeen”
⚠️ᴺQ. !otoquëan num. card. “seventy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !otoquain “seventy”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. otso num. card. “seven”
⚠️ᴱQ. otsocainen num. card. “seventy”
⚠️ᴱQ. otsondóra num. card. “*seven million”
⚠️ᴱQ. otsondórë num. card. “*septillion”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽otwen num. card. “84”
⚠️Q. quaican num. card. “*fourteen”; see instead:
ᴺQ. *canquë “*fourteen”
ᴺQ. !quaihúmë num. card. “myriad, (lit.) ten thousand”
Q. quainquë num. card. “*sixteen”
Q. quëan num. card. “ten”
ᴹQ. #-rasta suf. “twelve”
⚠️ᴱQ. sóra³ num. card. “million; (vaguely) a very great number”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolcëa num. card. “eighteen”
Q. toldo num. card. “eight”
⚠️ᴺQ. !toloquain num. card. “eighty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tolquain “eighty”
⚠️ᴺQ. !toloquëan num. card. “eighty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tolquain “eighty”
ᴺQ. !tolquain num. card. “eighty”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] *tolquë num. card. “eighteen”
⚠️ᴱQ. tol(to)cainen num. card. “eighty”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tuxa num. card. “hundred; ⚠️gross, 144”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxa cainen num. card. “thousand”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tuxainen “thousand”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tuxainen num. card. “thousand”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxa pínëa n. “hundred”
⚠️ᴱQ. uiven num. card. “twenty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuquain “twenty”
⚠️ᴱQ. umna num. card. “eight”; see instead:
Q. toldo “eight”
⚠️ᴱQ. yucainen num. card. “twenty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuquain “twenty”
⚠️ᴱQ. yucainen tuxa num. card. “one hundred twenty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuquain tuxa “one hundred twenty”
⚠️ᴱQ. yundóra num. card. “two million”
⚠️ᴱQ. yundórë num. card. “billion”
Q., ᴱQ. yunquë num. card. “twelve”
Q. yunquentë num. card. “thirteen”
ᴺQ. !yuquain num. card. “twenty”
ᴺQ. !yuquain tuxa num. card. “one hundred twenty”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yúquëan num. card. “twenty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yuquain “twenty”
ᴹQ. yurasta num. card. “twenty four”
⚠️ᴱQ. yúyo num. card. “two”; see instead:
Q. atta “two”
Q. yúyo “both”
⚠️ᴱQ. yúyo húmi num. card. “two thousand”
⚠️ᴱQ. yúyo tuxa num. card. “two hundred”
⚠️ᴱQ. yúyo yucainen num. card. “twenty two”

13.55 Ordinal Number

⚠️ᴱQ. caiya num. ord. “tenth”; see instead:
Q. quainëa “tenth”
⚠️ᴺQ. !canaquëa num. ord. “fourteenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !canquëa “fourteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. cancaiya num. ord. “fourteenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !canquëa “fourteenth”
ᴺQ. !canquëa num. ord. “fourteenth”
Q. cantëa num. ord. “fourth”
⚠️ᴱQ. canya num. ord. “fourth”; see instead:
Q. cantëa “fourth”
⚠️ᴱQ. cëanya num. ord. “tenth”; see instead:
Q. quainëa “tenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. eneccaiya num. ord. “sixteenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !enenquëa “sixteenth”
ᴺQ. !enenquëa num. ord. “sixteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. enetya num. ord. “sixth”; see instead:
Q. enquëa “sixth”
Q. enquëa num. ord. “sixth”
⚠️ᴱQ. hualtya num. ord. “eighteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. hucaiya num. ord. “nineteenth”; see instead:
Q. !neterquëa “nineteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. humetya num. ord. “*thousandth”
⚠️ᴱQ. húya num. ord. “ninth”; see instead:
Q. nertëa “ninth”
⚠️ᴱQ. lemincaiya num. ord. “fifteenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lepenquëa “fifteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. leminya num. ord. “fifth”; see instead:
Q. lempëa “fifth”
Q. lempëa num. ord. “fifth”
ᴺQ. !lepenquëa num. ord. “fifteenth”
Q. †lepenya num. ord. “fifth”
⚠️ᴱQ. maisinya num. ord. “thousandth”
⚠️ᴱQ. mindorinya num. ord. “millionth”
⚠️ᴱQ. minquenya num. ord. “eleventh”
⚠️ᴱQ. minya yucainen(ya) num. ord. “twenty first”
⚠️ᴱQ. nelcaiya num. ord. “thirteenth”; see instead:
Q. nelquëa “*thirteenth”
Q. nelquëa num. ord. “*thirteenth”
Q. nertëa num. ord. “ninth”
Q. !neterquëa num. ord. “nineteenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. occaiya num. ord. “seventeenth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !otoquëa “seventeenth”
ᴺQ. !otoquëa num. ord. “seventeenth”
Q. otsëa num. ord. “seventh”
⚠️ᴱQ. otya num. ord. “seventh”; see instead:
Q. otsëa “seventh”
Q. quainëa num. ord. “tenth”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolcaiya num. ord. “eighteenth”
Q. toldëa num. ord. “eighth”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolya num. ord. “eighth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tuxainenëa num. ord. “thousandth”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxainenya num. ord. “thousandth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tuxainenëa “thousandth”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuxanya num. ord. “hundredth”
⚠️ᴱQ. yucainenya num. ord. “twentieth”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^yunquëa num. ord. “twelfth”
⚠️ᴱQ. yunquenya num. ord. “twelfth”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^yunquëa “twelfth”

13.99 Quantity and Number (other)

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] -llumë suf. “-times”
⚠️ᴱQ. -luxë suf. “-times”; see instead:
ᴺQ. -llumë “-times”

14. Time

14.11 Time (period)

ᴺQ. !ailumë¹ adv. “anytime”
ᴹQ. andalúmë adv. “for a long while”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lú n. “time, occasion; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] 24 hours, day”
⚠️ᴱQ. lucta n. “period”; see instead:
Q. lúmë¹ “time, period of time, hour”
Q. #luhta “*debt, trespass”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lúmë¹ n. “time, period of time, hour”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lúmëa adj. “pertaining to time, temporal”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúmia adj. “pertaining to time, temporal”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lúmëa “pertaining to time, temporal”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lúta- v. “to have time pass”

14.12 Age

Q. coimen (coimend-) n. “life-year”
Q. olmen (olmend-) n. “growth-year”
Q. ontavalië n. “puberty, *(lit.) able to beget”
Q. quantolië n. “maturity”
ᴹQ. randa n. “cycle, age (100 Valian Years)”
ᴹQ. vëa¹ adj. “adult; vigorous, ⚠️manly”
Q. vinimetta n. “end of youth, *reaching middle age”
⚠️ᴱQ. vornë n. “an aeon”; see instead:
Q. oi(o) “ever, everlastingly; an endless period, *aeon”

14.13 New

Q. céva adj. “fresh, new, ⚠️renewed”
⚠️ᴱQ. loitë adj. “fresh”; see instead:
ᴹQ. venya “green, yellow-green, fresh”
ᴹQ. sinya adj. “new, *current”
ᴺQ. !sinyar n. “news”
ᴺQ. !vin(i)- pref. “neo-”
⚠️ᴺQ. !vinyar n. “news”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sinyar “news”
ᴹQ. virya adj. “fresh”

14.14 Young

⚠️ᴱQ. cana adj. “young”; see instead:
Q. vinya “young, new”
ᴹQ. nessa “young”
⚠️ᴱQ. laisi n. “youth, vigour, new life”; see instead:
Q. vínë “youth, *childhood”
ᴹQ. nésë [þ] n. “youth”
ᴹQ. nessa adj. “young”
ᴹQ. nessima adj. “youthful”
Q. vínë n. “youth, *childhood”
Q., ᴹQ. vinya adj. “young, new”
Q. vinyamo [w] n. “youngster”
Q. vinyarë n. “youth, *young adulthood”
⚠️ᴹQ. vírië n. “youth”; see instead:
Q. vínë “youth, *childhood”

14.15 Old

⚠️ᴱQ. airë² adj. “old”
⚠️ᴹQ. alanwa adj. “fully grown, adult, mature”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^olanwa “fully grown, adult, mature”
⚠️ᴺQ. !amyára n. “elder”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !anyára “elder, *senior”
ᴺQ. !anyára adj. “elder, *senior”
Q. enwina adj. “old”
⚠️ᴱQ. haura adj. “old, aged, ancient”
ᴹQ. linyenwa adj. “old, having many years”
ᴹQ. yalúmëa adj. “olden”
Q., ᴹQ. yára adj. “old, ancient, [ᴹQ.] belonging to or descending from former times”
ᴹQ. yárë n. “former days”
ᴹQ. yárëa adj. “olden”
ᴺQ. !yarië n. “antiquity”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yeniquanta adj. “age (with no connotation of weakness)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. linyenwa “old, having many years”
ᴹQ. yerna adj. “old, worn”
ᴹQ. yerya- v. “to wear (out), get old”

14.16 Early (adv)

ᴹQ. arinya adj. “morning, early”

14.17 Late (adv)

ᴺQ. !antelwa adj. “later, (lit.) very late”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telwa adj. “late, ⚠️last”
⚠️ᴺQ. !telwina adj. “later”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !antelwa “later, (lit.) very late”

14.18 Now

⚠️ᴱQ. enquin adv. “*now”; see instead:
Q. sí “now”
⚠️ᴱQ. quí adv. “*now”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sí adv. “now”
Q. silumë adv. “now, at this time, *present”
ᴺQ. !silúmëa adj. “current, contemporary, modern”
ᴹQ. sinan adv. “at present”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyá adv. “now”
ᴺQ. !vin adv. “just, just now, only just, already”

14.19 Soon, Immediately

ᴺQ. !arrongo adv. “right away, promptly, very soon”
Q., ᴹQ. en adv. “(then) soon, [ᴹQ.] in that (future) case; there, yonder; look yon(der); ⚠️far away; that, [ᴱQ.] that by you; thereupon”
ᴹQ. hormë n. “urgency”
⚠️ᴱQ. rato adv. “soon”
Q. ró adv. “the[?] [?next]”
Q. ron(go) adv. “soon”
ᴺQ. !ú pusto adv. “immediately, at once, (lit.) without pause”

14.21 Fast, Swift, Quick

ᴹQ. alaco n. “rush, rushing flight, wild wind”
ᴺQ. !alahta- v. “to rush”
ᴹQ. (a)larca adj. “swift, rapid”
⚠️ᴱQ. (a)rauca adj. “swift, rushing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. (a)larca “swift, rapid”
ᴺQ. !ascara adj. “violent, rushing, impetuous”
ᴺQ. !ferya adj. “quick, ready, prompt”
⚠️ᴱQ. halis (haliss-) n. “rush”; see instead:
ᴹQ. alaco “rush, rushing flight, wild wind”
⚠️ᴱQ. hatsëa adj. “rushing, rapid”; see instead:
ᴹQ. (a)larca “swift, rapid”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hlit- v. “to speed swiftly, race, dash, hurtle”
⚠️ᴹQ. #lhit- v. “to speed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hlit- “to speed swiftly, race, dash, hurtle”
⚠️Q. limbë (limbi-) adj. “quick, swift”; see instead:
Q. linta “swift”
Q. linta adj. “swift”
Q. lintië n. and adv. “swiftness, speed; swiftly, *quickly”
⚠️ᴱQ. rauco adj. “ravening, rushing”
ᴹQ. rimpa adj. “rushing, flying”
⚠️Q. #rindë adj. “swift”; see instead:
Q. linta “swift”
ᴺQ. !vercála adj. “sudden, violent”

14.22 Slow

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lenca adj. “slow, ⚠️dull, stiff; left (hand)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !taira adj. “slow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lenca “slow, ⚠️dull, stiff; left (hand)”

14.23 to Hurry, Hasten

ᴹQ. horta- v. “to send flying, speed, urge”
⚠️ᴱQ. hur- v. “to speed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. horta- “to send flying, speed, urge”
ᴹQ. ormë n. “haste, violence, wrath, rushing”
ᴹQ. orna adj. “hasty”
⚠️ᴱQ. orosta² n. “impetus, speed, haste, rash courage”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ormë “haste, violence, wrath, rushing”
ᴺQ. !ronga- v. “to hasten, hurry”
Q., ᴹQ. tyelca adj. “hasty; [ᴹQ.] agile, swift”
⚠️ᴱQ. #vasa- v. “to rush (of both noise and speed, tr.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hyasta- “to rush, rustle”
⚠️ᴱQ. vasta- v. “to rush (of both noise and speed, intr.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hyasta- “to rush, rustle”

14.24 to Delay

ᴺQ. !hapya- v. “to delay, retain, keep (temporarily)”
ᴺQ. !vorotailë n. “procrastination, (lit.) ever-extension”
ᴺQ. !vorotaita- v. “procrastinate, (lit.) ever-prolong”

14.25 to Begin; Beginning

⚠️ᴱQ. astuvu- v. “to begin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yesta- “to begin, *start”
⚠️ᴱQ. avesta¹ n. “opening, beginning, overture”; see instead:
Q. yesta “beginning, *start”
⚠️ᴹQ. essë² n. “beginning”; see instead:
Q. yesta “beginning, *start”
⚠️ᴺQ. !talma- v. “to found”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tulca- “to set up, establish, *found; ⚠️to fix, stick in, ”
ᴺQ. !talmata- v. “to base (on), found”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tulca- v. “to set up, establish, *found; ⚠️to fix, stick in, ”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yessë n. “beginning”; see instead:
Q. yesta “beginning, *start”
Q. yesta n. “beginning, *start”
ᴺQ. !yesta- v. “to begin, *start”
ᴺQ. !yestië n. “beginning”

14.252 to Last

⚠️ᴱQ. perenwa adj. “continual, enduring, unceasing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. voronwa “enduring, long-lasting”
⚠️ᴱQ. rúya adj. “unmoved, steadfast”; see instead:
Q. voronda “faithful, steadfast (in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise)”
Q. termar- v. “to stand, *endure, last, (lit.) through-abide”
ᴺQ. !vor- v. “to endure, survive”
ᴹQ. vórë n. “lasting”
ᴹQ. vórëa adj. and n. “continuous, enduring, lasting; continuant”
ᴺQ. !vorimyalë n. “monotony”
⚠️ᴱQ. vorinquilë n. “monotony”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vorimyalë “monotony”
⚠️ᴱQ. vorocantelë n. “harping, vain or monotonous repetition”; see instead:
ᴹQ. vorongandelë “continual repetition, (lit.) harping on one tune”
ᴹQ. vorongandelë n. “continual repetition, (lit.) harping on one tune”
ᴹQ. voronwa adj. “enduring, long-lasting”

14.254 Patience, Endurance

ᴺQ. !andarestë n. “long-suffering, patience”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cólë n. “passivity, endurance, patience; a passive individual”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cólema n. “patience, endurance; hardship”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cólemaina adj. “patient”
⚠️ᴱQ. cólemainë n. “patience”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cólë “passivity, endurance, patience; a passive individual”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cóleva adj. “passive”
⚠️ᴱQ. pere- v. “to go through, pass, pierce; to endure, undergo, experience; to penetrate, get to understand; to last”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ter- “to pierce”
Q. termar- “to stand, *endure, last, (lit.) through-abide”
⚠️ᴱQ. peren (perend-) adj. “enduring, patient, lasting”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cólemaina “patient”
⚠️ᴱQ. perendië n. “patience; endurance; an agelong period”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cólë “passivity, endurance, patience; a passive individual”
⚠️ᴱQ. perpere- v. “to endure to end, suffer great anguish”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cainu- “to lie down, *bend down; [with locative] to endure, suffer (from)”
ᴺQ. !restë n. “endurance”
Q. #tav- v. “*to endure”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tercol- v. “to endure, carry through”; see instead:
Q. termar- “to stand, *endure, last, (lit.) through-abide”
ᴹQ. voronwië n. “endurance, lasting quality”

14.26 End (n, temporal)

⚠️ᴺQ. !etetulië n. “outcome”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !virda “outcome, result”
Q., ᴹQ. metta n. “ending, end”
Q. *mettë ? “*end”
⚠️ᴱQ. telúmë n. “finish, conclusion, (the great) end”; see instead:
Q. telma “conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair; [ᴹQ.] ending”
ᴺQ. !virda n. “outcome, result”

14.27 to Finish

ᴺQ. !aupenya adj. “complete, without lack”
⚠️ᴹQ. carino- v. “to get finished/made”
Q. finta- v. “to make, finish off, decorate a thing with delicate work; to show skill”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilcarna adj. “unfinished”; see instead:
Q. lacarina “undone, *unfinished, incomplete”
ᴹQ. metya- v. “to put an end to”
⚠️ᴱQ. tal- n. “to end”; see instead:
Q. #tel- “to end, finish (intr.)”
Q. #tel- v. “to end, finish (intr.)”
ᴺQ. !tellúmë n. “deadline, (lit.) finish-time”
⚠️ᴱQ. telu- v. “to finish, end, close, complete; to cover, roof”; see instead:
Q. #tel- “to end, finish (intr.)”
Q. #untup- “to cover (over or up), (lit.) to cover down”
ᴹQ. tópa- “to roof”
Q. telya- v. “to finish, wind up, conclude (trans.)”

14.28 to Cease

ᴹQ. hauta- v. “to cease, take a rest, stop”
⚠️ᴱQ. luxima adj. “fleeting, fading, temporary”
ᴹQ. pusta n. “stop, *halt, pause; ⚠️full stop (in punctuation), ”
ᴹQ. pusta- v. “to stop, put a stop to, cease”
ᴹQ. ser- v. “to rest, repose; to stay, tarry, stop, be for a while, at the moment”
⚠️ᴹQ. tyel- v. “to end, cease”; see instead:
Q. #tel- “to end, finish (intr.)”

14.29 Ready

⚠️ᴺQ. !epello adv. “already”; see instead:
Q. tensi “already, still, up to now/here; yet [from present]”
Q. férima adj. “ready to hand, (quickly) available”
Q. ferya- v. “to make ready (promptly), *prepare”
⚠️ᴱQ. manwa adj. “ready”; see instead:
Q. férima “ready to hand, (quickly) available”
⚠️ᴱQ. manwa- v. “to prepare”; see instead:
Q. ferya- “to make ready (promptly), *prepare”
⚠️ᴱQ. mar- v. “to get ripe, come to ripeness, get ready, grow up, get mellow”
⚠️ᴱQ. marin(a) adj. “ripe, mature”
Q. mína adj. “desiring to start, eager to go”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nollo adv. “already”; see instead:
Q. tensi “already, still, up to now/here; yet [from present]”
Q. tensi adv. “already, still, up to now/here; yet [from present]”
Q. tenta adv. “still, yet [past], *up until then”

14.30 Eternity

⚠️ᴹQ. ialë n. “everlasting age”; see instead:
ᴹQ. oirë “everlasting age”
⚠️ᴹQ. írë³ n. “eternal, eternity?”; see instead:
ᴹQ. oirë “everlasting age”
Q., ᴹQ. oialë n. and adv. “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] everlasting age”
ᴹQ. oirë n. “everlasting age”

14.302 Eternal

⚠️ᴹQ. íra adj. “eternal”; see instead:
ᴹQ. oira “eternal”
Q., ᴹQ. oia(la) adj. “everlasting, unceasing, without end, for ever”
Q. oialëa adj. “eternal”
Q., ᴹQ. oi(o) adv. and n. “ever, everlastingly; an endless period, *aeon”
ᴹQ. oira adj. “eternal”
Q. tennoio adv. “forever[more]”
ᴺQ. !úlanwa n. and adj. “infinity, infinite”
⚠️ᴹQ. ullumë adv. “forever”; see instead:
Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] everlasting age”
Q. úlumë “ever, at all times (in a series or period)”
ᴹQ. vor(o)- pref. “continual repetition”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] voruva adj. “age long”

14.31 Always

⚠️ᴹQ. ia adv. “ever”; see instead:
Q. oi(o) “ever, everlastingly; an endless period, *aeon”
Q. illumë adv. “*always”
Q. úlumë adv. “ever, at all times (in a series or period)”
⚠️Q. vorë adv. “*always”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. voro adv. “ever, continually, [ᴱQ.] always”

14.33 Sometimes

⚠️ᴺQ. !ailumë² adv. “sometimes, at times”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nalumë “sometime(s)”
ᴺQ. !ailumë¹ “anytime”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lúmelissen adv. “sometimes, at times”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nalumë “sometime(s)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !malumë² adv. “sometimes, at times”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nalumë “sometime(s)”
ᴺQ. !malumë¹ “when”
ᴺQ. !nalumë adv. “sometime(s)”

14.34 Never

ᴺQ. !allumë adv. “never”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úoio adv. “never”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !allumë “never”

14.35 Again

⚠️ᴱQ. #an- pref. “re-”; see instead:
Q. en- “re-, again”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. at(a)- pref. “double, [repeat a] second time; [ᴱQ.] bi-, twi-; [ᴹQ.] back, again, re-”
ᴹQ. ata adv. “again, *(lit.) a second time”
Q. en- pref. “re-, again”
⚠️ᴱQ. ento adv. “next”; see instead:
Q. entë¹ “moreover, further(more), what is more; *next (of time or in a sequence)”
Q. han- pref. “*back as an answer or return by another agent”
Q., ᴹQ. nan- pref. “back (again); [ᴹQ.] backwards”

14.355 Past, Ago

Q. andanéya adv. “long ago, once upon a time”
⚠️Q. auta adv. “ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
Q. autas (*autass-) n. “a former occur[rence]”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. engë adv. “ago, in the past, [ᴹQ.] once (in past), †it was”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ie adv. “ago, †long ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ielúmë adv. “long ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
⚠️ᴱQ. luin adv. “ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
⚠️ᴱQ. luina adj. “ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
Q., ᴹQ. né adv. “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
⚠️ᴱQ. penwa adj. “over, passed, past”; see instead:
Q. vanwa “gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, [ᴹQ.] gone for good; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] on the road”
ᴹQ. vanwië n. “the past, past time”
⚠️ᴹQ. yá adv. “formerly, ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
ᴹQ. yalúmë n. “former times”
⚠️ᴱQ. yú- pref. “ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”
⚠️ᴱQ. yúyë adv. “long ago”; see instead:
Q. né “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)”

14.36 Before (temporal)

⚠️ᴱQ. encen adv. “then”; see instead:
Q. tá “then”
⚠️ᴱQ. entan adv. “then”; see instead:
Q. tá “then”
⚠️ᴹQ. esta-³ v. “to precede”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nópata- “to precede, (lit.) to walk before”
Q. fai adv. “*before of time”
ᴺQ. !lanéya adv. “recently, not long ago”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nó¹ prep. and conj. “before (of time); at back (of place); [ᴹQ.] yester-; [ᴱQ.] after (of place), behind; ⚠️after (only of time); than”
ᴺQ. !nópata- v. “to precede, (lit.) to walk before”
⚠️ᴱQ. nóvo adv. “*before”
Q. tá adv. “then”
Q. talumë adv. “at that time”
ᴹQ. tárë adv. “*that day”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyen adv. “then”; see instead:
Q. tá “then”
ᴹQ. uman adv. “at one time”
ᴺQ. !vanwírë n. “nostalgia, (lit.) past-longing”

14.37 After

Q. apa¹ prep. “after (of time)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !apalúmë n. “future, (lit.) after-time”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tulurya “future, coming”
ᴹQ. cato adv. “afterwards”
ᴹQ. enyárë adv. “in that day”
Q. epë prep. “after (of time), following; before (in all relations but time)”
ᴹQ. évëa adj. “future”
⚠️ᴱQ. no¹ adv. “then, next (of time); upon”
⚠️ᴱQ. potsi adv. “afterwards”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cato “afterwards”
ᴹQ. tulurya adj. “future, coming”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tulya adj. “coming, approaching, future”; see instead:
Q. tulya- “*to lead; to fetch; [ᴱQ.] to bring, ⚠️send”
Q. †uv- v. “*to be going to”

14.41 Day

⚠️ᴹQ. ala n. “day”; see instead:
Q. árë “sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); *noontide; ⚠️day”
⚠️ᴹQ. alan n. “daytime”; see instead:
ᴹQ. arië “daytime”
ᴹQ. arië n. “daytime”
⚠️ᴹQ. arya n. “day (twelve hours)”; see instead:
Q. aurë “day (as opposed to night), daylight, morning; ⚠️sunlight, [ᴱQ.] sunshine, gold light, warmth”
Q., ᴱQ. aurë n. “day (as opposed to night), daylight, morning; ⚠️sunlight, [ᴱQ.] sunshine, gold light, warmth”
⚠️ᴱQ. calë n. “day”
⚠️ᴱQ. lá² n. “day”
Q. ré n. “day (period from sunset to sunset)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sana n. “day (24 hours)”; see instead:
Q. aurë “day (as opposed to night), daylight, morning; ⚠️sunlight, [ᴱQ.] sunshine, gold light, warmth”

14.412 Daily

⚠️ᴱQ. calenda adj. “of the day, opposite to night; daily”; see instead:
Q. ilaurëa “*daily”
Q. ilaurëa adj. “*daily”
⚠️Q. ilyarëa adj. “*daily”; see instead:
Q. ilaurëa “*daily”

14.42 Night

ᴺQ. !illómëa adj. “nightly”
⚠️ᴹQ. ló² n. “night, a night”; see instead:
Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, ⚠️gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lómë n. “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, ⚠️gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud”
ᴺQ. !lómivehtë n. “night life”
ᴺQ. !morendë n. “midnight”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mórilanta n. “nightfall”
⚠️ᴱQ. morinda adj. “of the night, nightly”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !illómëa “nightly”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] móriva adj. “nocturnal”
⚠️ᴱQ. morquilëa adj. “of the hue of night”
⚠️ᴹQ. #núrë n. “night”
ᴺQ. !silomë n. and adv. “tonight”

14.43 Dawn

Q., ᴹQ. ambarónë n. “dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
⚠️ᴱQ. amuntë n. “sun-rise, (lit.) lifting”; see instead:
Q. ambarónë “dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
ᴹQ. anarórë n. “sunrise”
⚠️ᴹQ. ára n. “dawn, day”; see instead:
Q. ambarónë “dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
⚠️ᴹQ. artuilë n. “dayspring, early morn”; see instead:
Q. ambarónë “dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
⚠️ᴱQ. candóra n. “bright dawn, red sky in morning”; see instead:
Q. ambarónë “dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
⚠️ᴱQ. órëa adj. “of the dawn, Eastern”; see instead:
Q. (h)róna “eastern, east”
⚠️ᴱQ. orontë n. “sun-rise”; see instead:
ᴹQ. anarórë “sunrise”
Q., ᴹQ. tindómë n. “(starry) twilight, time near dawn, [ᴹQ.] starlit dusk”

14.44 Morning

Q. *amaurë n. “dawn, early day, morning”
Q. †amaurëa adj. “dawn, early day, morning”
ᴹQ. arin n. “morning”
⚠️ᴱQ. cálë n. “morning”; see instead:
ᴹQ. arin “morning”

14.45 Noon

ᴺQ. !apárilë n. “afternoon”
ᴺQ. !endaurë n. “noon, (lit.) mid-day”
⚠️ᴺQ. !oranar n. “noon, (lit.) above Sun”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !endaurë “noon, (lit.) mid-day”
⚠️ᴺQ. !táranar n. “noon, (lit.) high-sun”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !endaurë “noon, (lit.) mid-day”

14.46 Evening

ᴹQ. sinyë [þ] n. “evening”
⚠️ᴹQ. vinyë n. “evening”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sinyë “evening”

14.462 Dusk

Q., ᴹQ. andúnë n. “sunset, evening, (orig.) going down; west”
⚠️ᴱQ. masca adj. “dusky, misty”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hísëa “misty”
⚠️ᴱQ. mascë n. “dusk”; see instead:
Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, ⚠️gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud”
⚠️ᴱQ. sunquelainë n. “sunset”; see instead:
Q. andúnë “sunset, evening, (orig.) going down; west”
Q. undómë n. “twilight, time near evening”
⚠️ᴹQ. yúcalë n. “twilight”; see instead:
Q. yúyal “twilight”
Q. yúyal n. “twilight”

14.47 Today

⚠️ᴱQ. et(t)amínë n. “today”; see instead:
Q. síra “*today, this day”
⚠️Q. hyárë n. “*today, this day”; see instead:
Q. síra “*today, this day”
⚠️ᴱQ. ínë adv. “to-day”; see instead:
Q. síra “*today, this day”
⚠️Q. siar(ë) n. “*today, this day”; see instead:
Q. síra “*today, this day”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. sinar n. “today, [ᴹQ.] this morning”; see instead:
Q. síra “*today, this day”
Q. síra n. “*today, this day”
⚠️ᴱQ. tamínë n. “today”; see instead:
Q. síra “*today, this day”

14.48 Tomorrow

⚠️ᴱQ. eccala n. “tomorrow morning”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
ᴹQ. ellöa n. “next year”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] enar n. “tomorrow”
⚠️Q. entan n. “tomorrow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. enar “tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. enwa n. “tomorrow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
ᴹQ. enwa “existent, real, true; fact”
⚠️ᴱQ. ettui n. “tomorrow night”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. nond(in)a adj. “tomorrow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. nuo n. “tomorrow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. enar “tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. nuononda n. “day after tomorrow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. núora adj. “tomorrow’s, to be; future”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tulurya “future, coming”

14.49 Yesterday

⚠️ᴱQ. dië n. “yesterday”; see instead:
Q. nöa “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. dienda n. “day before yesterday, (lit.) yesterday’s yesterday”; see instead:
Q. nöa “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. diéra adj. “yesterday’s; (mostly in sense) bygone, over, passed”; see instead:
Q. nöa “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”
Q. vanwa “gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, [ᴹQ.] gone for good; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] on the road”
Q. nöa adj. and n. “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”
ᴹQ. nólöa n. “yesteryear”
⚠️ᴱQ. yenda adj. “yesterday’s”; see instead:
Q. nöa “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”
⚠️ᴱQ. yendiéra n. “day before yesterday, (lit.) yesterday’s yesterday”; see instead:
Q. nöa “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”
ᴹQ. yenya n. “last year”
⚠️ᴱQ. yenye(n) n. “yesterday”; see instead:
Q. nöa “yesterday; former, *previous; ⚠️tomorrow”

14.52 Minute, Second

ᴺQ. !lúmincë n. “minute, moment”
ᴺQ. !senwa [þ] n. “moment, instant”

14.53 Clock, Watch

ᴺQ. !cuitar n. “alarm, device to waken somebody”
ᴺQ. !lúma n. “clock”

14.61 Week

⚠️ᴱQ. cainendan n. “fortnight”; see instead:
Q. enquië “Elvish week of six days”
ᴺQ. otsola “(seven-day) week”
Q. enquië n. “Elvish week of six days”
⚠️ᴹQ. lemnar n. “(Valarin five-day) week”; see instead:
Q. enquië “Elvish week of six days”
ᴺQ. otsola “(seven-day) week”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] otsola n. “(seven-day) week”
ᴺQ. !otsolametta n. “weekend”

14.62 Sunday

Q., ᴹQ. Anarya n. “Sunday, (lit.) Sun-day”

14.63 Monday

Q., ᴹQ. Isilya [þ] n. “*Monday, Moon-day”

14.64 Tuesday

⚠️ᴹQ. Aldarya n. “*Tuesday”; see instead:
Q. Aldúya “*Tuesday, Day of the Two Trees”
Q. Aldëa n. “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
Q. Aldúya n. “*Tuesday, Day of the Two Trees”

14.65 Wednesday

Q., ᴹQ. Menelya n. “*Wednesday, Heavens-day”

14.66 Thursday

Q., ᴹQ. Eärenya n. “Sea-day, *Thursday”

14.67 Friday

⚠️ᴹQ. Tárinar n. “*alternate name of Valanya”; see instead:
Q. Tárion “alternate name of the last day of the Eldarin six-day week”
Q. Tárion n. “alternate name of the last day of the Eldarin six-day week”
Q. Valanya n. “*Friday, Vala-day”
⚠️ᴹQ. Valarya n. “*Friday, Vala-day”; see instead:
Q. Valanya “*Friday, Vala-day”

14.68 Saturday

Q., ᴹQ. Elenya n. “Saturday, *Star-day”
ᴺQ. !sendarë n. “sabbath, day of rest”

14.71 Month

Q. asta n. “month; division, part (esp. one of other equal parts)”
⚠️ᴱQ. lundë n. “(lunar) month; (lit.) period”; see instead:
Q. ránasta “lunar month”
Q. ránasta n. “lunar month”

14.72 Names of the Months

⚠️ᴱQ. Amillion n. “February”; see instead:
Q. Nénimë “February, *Wet-ness”
⚠️ᴱQ. Avestalis (Avestaliss-) n. “January”; see instead:
Q. Narvinyë “January, *New-fire”
Q., ᴹQ. Cermië n. “July”
⚠️ᴹQ. Ercoirë n. “February, *First-stirring”; see instead:
Q. Nénimë “February, *Wet-ness”
⚠️ᴹQ. Erlairë n. “June, *First-summer”; see instead:
Q. Nárië “June, *Fire-ness”
⚠️ᴹQ. Erquellë n. “September, *First-autumn”; see instead:
Q. Yavannië “September, *Yavanna-ness”
⚠️ᴹQ. Errívë n. “November, *First-winter”; see instead:
Q. Hísimë “November, *Misty-one”
⚠️ᴹQ. Ertuilë n. “April, *First-spring”; see instead:
Q. Víressë “April, *Freshness”
Q., ᴹQ. Hísimë [þ] n. “November, *Misty-one”
Q., ᴹQ. Lótessë n. “May, *(lit.) Flower-ness”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. Mettelairë n. “August, *(lit.) End-summer”; see instead:
Q. Úrimë “August, *Hot-one”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. Metterrívë n. “January, *(lit.) End-winter”; see instead:
Q. Narvinyë “January, *New-fire”
Q., ᴹQ. Nárië n. “June, *Fire-ness”
Q., ᴹQ. Narquelië n. “October, Sun-fading”
Q., ᴹQ. Narvinyë n. “January, *New-fire”
⚠️ᴹQ. Nendessë n. “February, *Wet-ness”; see instead:
Q. Nénimë “February, *Wet-ness”
Q. Nénimë n. “February, *Wet-ness”
⚠️ᴹQ. Nócoirë n. “March, *After-stirring”; see instead:
Q. Súlimë “March, *Windy-one”
⚠️ᴹQ. Nólairë n. “July, *After-summer”; see instead:
Q. Cermië “July”
⚠️ᴹQ. Nóquellë n. “October, *After-autumn”; see instead:
Q. Narquelië “October, Sun-fading”
⚠️ᴹQ. Norrívë n. “December, *After-winter”; see instead:
Q. Ringarë “December, *Coldness”
⚠️ᴹQ. Nótuilë n. “May, *After-spring”; see instead:
Q. Lótessë “May, *(lit.) Flower-ness”
Q., ᴹQ. Ringarë n. “December, *Coldness”
⚠️ᴱQ. Sovalwaris (Solvalwarist-) n. “February”; see instead:
Q. Nénimë “February, *Wet-ness”
Q., ᴹQ. Súlimë [þ] n. “March, *Windy-one”
Q., ᴹQ. Úrimë n. “August, *Hot-one”
Q., ᴹQ. Víressë n. “April, *Freshness”
Q., ᴹQ. Yavannië n. “September, *Yavanna-ness”

14.73 Year

ᴺQ. !atyenárë n. “anniversary”
Q. coranar (coranár-) n. “(solar) year, (lit.) sun-round”
Q. haranyë n. “century (100 years)”
ᴺQ. !illöa(va) adj. and adv. “annual, yearly, per annum (year as item)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽latta n. “year”; see instead:
Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”
Q. löa “(seasonal) year, (lit.) (time of) growth, blooming”
Q., ᴹQ. löa n. “(seasonal) year, (lit.) (time of) growth, blooming”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúmen n. “year, period”; see instead:
Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”
Q. löa “(seasonal) year, (lit.) (time of) growth, blooming”
ᴺQ. !quainyë n. “decade”
ᴺQ. !qualöa(va) adj. and adv. “annual, yearly, perennial (year as whole)”
ᴹQ. quantien n. “century, (lit.) full year”
⚠️ᴱQ. rin¹ (rind-) n. “year, circle”; see instead:
Q. coranar “(solar) year, (lit.) sun-round”
⚠️ᴱQ. rincalenda n. “anniversary”
Q., ᴹQ. yén n. “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”

14.74 Winter

⚠️ᴹQ. Fírien n. “Winter”; see instead:
Q. hrívë “winter”
⚠️ᴱQ. hesin n. “winter”; see instead:
Q. hrívë “winter”
Q., ᴹQ. hrívë n. “winter”
⚠️ᴱQ. yelin n. “winter”; see instead:
Q. hrívë “winter”

14.75 Spring

Q., ᴹQ. coirë n. “stirring, early spring; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] life”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tuilë n. “spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green”
⚠️ᴹQ. Tuilëar n. “Springdays”; see instead:
Q. tuilérë “*spring-day”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuilenda adj. “spring-like; fresh, sprouting, green”; see instead:
ᴹQ. venya “green, yellow-green, fresh”
Q. tuilérë n. “*spring-day”
⚠️ᴱQ. Tuilérë n. “Spring”; see instead:
Q. tuilë “spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green”
Q. tuilérë “*spring-day”
⚠️ᴱQ. welwë n. “spring”; see instead:
Q. ehtelë “spring, issue of water”

14.76 Summer

⚠️ᴱQ. aurindë n. “summer, pleasant warmth”; see instead:
Q. lairë “summer”
⚠️ᴱQ. austa n. “(high) summer”; see instead:
Q. lairë “summer”
⚠️ᴱQ. austalendë n. “mid-summer’s day”
⚠️ᴱQ. avesta² n. “summer”; see instead:
Q. lairë “summer”
Q. lairë n. “summer”
⚠️ᴱQ. saiwali n. “summer”; see instead:
Q. lairë “summer”

14.77 Autumn

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lasselanta n. “(late) autumn, (lit.) leaf-fall; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] October”
Q. lassewinta n. “leaf fall, autumn, *(lit.) leaf blowing”
⚠️ᴱQ. lintuilindórëa adj. “of autumn; when many swallows congregate and sing at dawn”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Narquelion n. “Fire-fading, Autumn”; see instead:
Q. quellë “late autumn and early winter, (lit.) fading”
Q. Narquelië “October, Sun-fading”
⚠️ᴱQ. paptaquelasta n. “fall, *leaf dying”; see instead:
Q. lasselanta “(late) autumn, (lit.) leaf-fall; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] October”
Q., ᴹQ. quellë n. “late autumn and early winter, (lit.) fading”
Q. yáviérë n. “*autumn-day”

14.78 Season

⚠️ᴺQ. !löacasta n. “season, (lit.) year-quarter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !löasta “season, (lit.) year-part”
ᴺQ. !löasta n. “season, (lit.) year-part”

14.79 Festival, Holiday

Q. asar [þ] n. “fixed time, festival”
⚠️ᴱQ. calendë n. “festival, a special day”; see instead:
Q. asar “fixed time, festival”
ᴹQ. meren(dë) “feast, festival”
ᴺQ. !lahtalë n. “passover”
Q. loëndë n. “mid-year (Númenórean calendar), *(lit.) year-middle”
ᴹQ. meren(dë) (merend-) n. “feast, festival”
ᴺQ. !merenya- v. “to be festive, celebrate”
ᴹQ. merya adj. “festive”
ᴹQ. meryalë n. “holiday”

14.81 History

ᴹQ. lumenyárë n. “*history”
ᴹQ. lúmequenta n. “history, chronological account”
ᴹQ. lúmequentalë n. “history”
Q., ᴹQ. lúmequentalëa adj. “historical”
⚠️ᴹQ. #lúmië n. “annals”; see instead:
Q. yénië “annals”
ᴹQ. quentassë n. “history”
Q. quentasta n. “historical account”
Q., ᴹQ. yénië n. “annals”

14.99 Time (other)

⚠️Q. en(a) adv. “still”; see instead:
Q. tensi “already, still, up to now/here; yet [from present]”
Q. tenta “still, yet [past], *up until then”
ᴺQ. !Endëranda n. “Middle-Ages”
ᴺQ. !Ennosta n. “Renaissance”
ᴹQ. hinna adv. “still”
ᴹQ. íquallumë adv. “when, whenever”
ᴺQ. !mélacárië n. “pastime, hobby”
ᴹQ. oi- v. “to live, pass one’s days”
Q. quiquië adv. “whenever”
⚠️ᴺQ. !xéya- v. “to pass (of time, intransitive)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lúta- “to have time pass”
Q. xiétë (xiéti-) adj. “passing, impermanent”
⚠️ᴺQ. !xíta- v. “to pass, spend (time, transitive)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. oi- “to live, pass one’s days”
ᴹQ. yallumë adv. “at last”

15. Sense Perception

15.11 to Sense, Perceive; Sense

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. laica adj. “keen, sharp, acute”
ᴹQ. laicë n. “acuteness, keenness of perception”
⚠️ᴱQ. sengë adj. “keen of sight, observant, sagacious”; see instead:
ᴹQ. laica “keen, sharp, acute”
⚠️ᴱQ. tentima adj. “sensitive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cityalëa “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tunta- v. “to notice, perceive, ⚠️see”
ᴺQ. !tuntë n. “sense (one of the five)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tunto n. “notice, regard, perception; quickness of perception, wit”

15.21 to Smell (subj)

⚠️ᴱQ. fausta- v. “to get smell of”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nusta- “to smell [something]”
ᴹQ. nusta- v. “to smell [something]”
⚠️ᴱQ. nuvu- v. “to smell, sniff at”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nusta- “to smell [something]”

15.23 Smell (n, subj)

⚠️ᴱQ. nuptë n. “a sniff”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nustë n. “sense of smell”

15.24 Smell (n, obj)

⚠️ᴱQ. fausta n. “*smell”; see instead:
ᴹQ. olmë “odour”
⚠️ᴱQ. faustima adj. “*odorous, able to be smelled”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nustaima “odorous, (lit.) able to be smelled”
⚠️ᴱQ. fustúma adj. “*able to be smelled”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nustaima “odorous, (lit.) able to be smelled”
ᴹQ. holmë n. “odour, *scent, smell [not necessarily bad]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nus (nust-) n. “smell”
ᴺQ. !nustaima adj. “odorous, (lit.) able to be smelled”
⚠️ᴹQ. †xenna n. “odour”; see instead:
ᴹQ. holmë “odour, *scent, smell [not necessarily bad]”

15.25 Fragrant, Good Smelling

⚠️ᴱQ. nar (nard-) n. “an odour, fragrance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nisilë “fragrance, perfume”
Q. nár “fire (as an element); ⚠️[ᴹQ.] flame”
⚠️ᴱQ. narda- v. “to smell sweetly”; see instead:
Q. #nis- “*to smell sweetly”
⚠️ᴱQ. nardilë n. “fragrance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nisilë “fragrance, perfume”
⚠️ᴱQ. nardilëa adj. “perfumed”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nisilëa “perfumed”
⚠️ᴱQ. narwa adj. “fragrant”; see instead:
Q. #nísima “fragrant”
Q. #nis- [þ] v. “*to smell sweetly”
ᴺQ. !nisilë [þ] n. “fragrance, perfume”
ᴺQ. !nisilëa [þ] adj. “perfumed”
Q. #nísima [þ] adj. “fragrant”
ᴺQ. !nista- v. “to perfume”

15.26 Stinking, Bad Smelling

⚠️ᴱQ. olwëa adj. “stinking”; see instead:
Q. saura “stinking, foul, [ᴹQ.] evil-smelling, putrid; [Q.] cruel, evil, vile; ⚠️[Q.] bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched”
Q., ᴹQ. saura [þ] adj. “stinking, foul, [ᴹQ.] evil-smelling, putrid; [Q.] cruel, evil, vile; ⚠️[Q.] bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched”
ᴺQ. !sauta- [þ-] v. “to stink”
ᴺQ. !sávë [þ] n. “stench, stink, reek, foul odor”
⚠️ᴺQ. !susta- [þ-] v. “to stink”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sauta- “to stink”
⚠️ᴱQ. yolmë n. “stench, stink”; see instead:
ᴹQ. olmë “odour”
⚠️ᴱQ. yolo- v. “to stink”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sauta- “to stink”

15.31 to Taste (subj)

⚠️ᴱQ. tyastava- v. “to taste (at)”; see instead:
Q. tyav- “to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of”
ᴹQ. tyatyamba- v. “*to keep on tasting”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tyav- v. “to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of”

15.33 Taste (n, subj)

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyavasta n. “sense of taste”
Q. tyávë n. “*taste”

15.34 Taste (n, obj)

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tyausta n. “savour, flavour”

15.35 Sweet

⚠️ᴱQ. lísë adj. “sweet”; see instead:
Q. lissë¹ “sweet”
⚠️ᴱQ. líselë n. “sweetness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lisselë “sweetness”
Q. lissë¹ (lissi-) adj. “sweet”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lisselë n. “sweetness”
ᴺQ. !lista- v. “to sweeten, make sweet”
⚠️ᴱQ. sutya- v. “to sweeten, soothe”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lista- “to sweeten, make sweet”
ᴺQ. linta- “to soothe”
⚠️ᴱQ. sutya adj. “sweet”; see instead:
Q. lissë¹ “sweet”
⚠️ᴱQ. suxa adj. “sweet”; see instead:
Q. lissë¹ “sweet”
⚠️ᴱQ. wórë (wóri-) adj. “sweet (to taste only)”; see instead:
Q. lissë¹ “sweet”

15.37 Bitter

⚠️ᴱQ. nartë (narti-) adj. “bitter”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sára “bitter”
⚠️ᴱQ. píqua adj. “bitter”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sára “bitter”
⚠️ᴱQ. píquelë n. “bitterness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sáralë “bitterness”
Q., ᴹQ. sára adj. “[ᴹQ.] bitter”
ᴺQ. !sáralë n. “bitterness”

15.38 Sour, Acidic

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] naxa adj. “sour”

15.41 to Hear

Q. #hlar- v. “to hear”
ᴺQ. !hlaraitë adj. “able to hear”
ᴺQ. !hlarindo n. “hearer”
⚠️ᴱQ. #ten- v. “to hear”; see instead:
Q. #hlar- “to hear”
⚠️ᴱQ. tunqu- v. “to hear”; see instead:
Q. #hlar- “to hear”
⚠️ᴱQ. tunqua adj. “able to hear”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hlaraitë “able to hear”
⚠️ᴱQ. tunquelë n. “hearing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hlarië “hearing”
⚠️ᴱQ. †unqu-² v. “to hear”; see instead:
Q. #hlar- “to hear”

15.42 to Listen, Harken

Q. larmo n. “listener (spy or scout)”
Q., ᴹQ. lasta- v. “to listen; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to hear”

15.43 Hearing

⚠️ᴺQ. !hlárerya n. “hearing (ability)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hlarië “hearing”
ᴺQ. !hlarië n. “hearing”
ᴹQ. lasta n. “listening, hearing”
⚠️ᴱQ. unquië n. “hearing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hlarië “hearing”

15.44 Sound

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyal- v. “to ring, resound”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyalmë n. “loud ringing noise”
Q., ᴹQ. láma n. “sound; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo”
Q. lámatyávë n. “*sound-taste”
⚠️ᴹQ. lamma n. “sound”; see instead:
Q. láma “sound; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo”
ᴹQ. lamya- v. “to sound”
ᴺQ. !omya- v. “to resonate (of longer sounds)”
ᴺQ. !romya adj. “loud”
⚠️ᴱQ. salamba adj. “twanging, throbbing, resounding, echoing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tingë “twang”
⚠️ᴱQ. salambë n. “twanging echo”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nalláma “echo”
ᴺQ. !tomya- v. “to resonate (of shorter sounds)”

15.441 Echo

ᴹQ. lámina adj. “echoing”
Q. lamma- v. “?to echo”
ᴹQ. nalláma n. “echo”
ᴺQ. !nallamya- v. “to echo, sound back, reverberate”

15.442 Phonetic

ᴺQ. !atapengëa adj. “bilabial (of consonants)”
Q., ᴹQ. calmatéma n. “k-series”
Q. hlonitë adj. “phonetic”
⚠️Q. lambelë n. “phonetics”; see instead:
Q. hlonitë “phonetic”
Q. #lambetengwë n. “consonant”
ᴹQ. #na-súrima n. “aspirate”
Q. #náva-tengwë [ñ-] n. “consonant”
Q. #návëa [ñ-] n. and adj. “consonant, *consonantal”
ᴹQ. nengwetanwa adj. “nasal-infixed”
ᴹQ. nengwetehta n. “nasal sign”
⚠️ᴹQ. ocamna n. “diphthong”; see instead:
Q. ohlon “diphthong”
Q. ohlon n. “diphthong”
Q., ᴹQ. #ólama n. “consonant”
Q., ᴹQ. #ólamaitë adj. “consonantal”
ᴹQ. #ómaitë n. “voiced [stop]”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. óman (omand-) n. “vowel”
ᴹQ. #ómanda adj. “vocalic”
Q., ᴹQ. ómatailë n. “vowel lengthening”
Q., ᴹQ. ómataima n. “vocalic extension”
Q., ᴹQ. #ómëa n. and adj. “vowel; [ᴹQ.] voiced”
Q., ᴹQ. parmatéma n. “p-series”
Q. #pataca n. “consonant”
Q. #pávatengwë n. “consonant”
ᴺQ. !pengëa adj. “labial, of the lips”
ᴹQ. #perómanda adj. and n. “semivocalic, *semi-vowel”
ᴺQ. !persa- v. “to affect [sounds], ⚠️disturb, alter”
ᴺQ. !persana adj. “affected”
ᴺQ. !persanië n. “affection”
ᴹQ. punta n. “stopped consonant”
Q., ᴹQ. quessetéma n. “kw-series”
⚠️ᴹQ. #samna² n. “diphthong”; see instead:
Q. ohlon “diphthong”
Q., ᴹQ. sundóma [þ] n. “determinant vowel, root-vowel, [ᴹQ.] vocalic determinant”
ᴹQ. surya n. “spirant consonant”
Q., ᴹQ. tincotéma n. “t-series”
Q. tyelpetéma n. “palatal series”

15.51 to See

ᴺQ. !alacénima adj. “invisible”
Q., ᴹQ. cen- v. “to see, behold, look, *perceive”
Q., ᴹQ. cénima adj. “visible, [ᴹQ.] able to be seen”
ᴺQ. [Q.] cenya adj. “*seeing”
⚠️ᴹQ. cenya- v. “to see”; see instead:
Q. cen- “to see, behold, look, *perceive”
⚠️ᴱQ. cili- v. “to see, heed”; see instead:
Q. cen- “to see, behold, look, *perceive”
ᴺQ. [Q.] fantercenya adj. “perspicacious, penetrating of sight or understanding”
Q. hententa- v. “to spot with eye”
⚠️ᴱQ. sehta- v. “to see”; see instead:
Q. cen- “to see, behold, look, *perceive”
⚠️ᴱQ. véla v. “to see”; see instead:
Q. cen- “to see, behold, look, *perceive”
Q. véla “*alike, having a likeness or similarity”

15.52 to Look

⚠️ᴱQ. ala¹ interj. “behold, look”; see instead:
Q. ela “behold!”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ciminqua adj. “attentive, heedful”; see instead:
Q. tirítë “watchful, vigilant”
⚠️ᴱQ. enë interj. “look (at what you have)!”; see instead:
Q. ela “behold!”
ᴺQ. !ettir- v. “to watch out, spy on”
ᴺQ. !ettirno n. “spy”
⚠️Q. nattir- v. “to look back”
Q. #palantir- v. “to watch/look afar”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tir- v. “to watch (over), guard, heed; to look (at), gaze, observe; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to keep, preserve”
Q. tirila adj. “watching (something)”
Q. tírima adj. “able to be watched, observable”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirinwa adj. “vigilant”; see instead:
Q. tirítë “watchful, vigilant”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiris (tiriss-) n. “watch, vigil, ward”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^tirista n. “*watch, guard”
⚠️ᴹQ. #tiristë n. “*watch, guard”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tirista “*watch, guard”
Q. tirítë (tiríti-) adj. “watchful, vigilant”
Q. #tirmo n. “watcher”
⚠️ᴱQ. yéta- v. “to look at”; see instead:
Q. tir- “to watch (over), guard, heed; to look (at), gaze, observe; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to keep, preserve”

15.53 Sight (subj)

ᴺQ. !calarwa adj. “optical”
Q. #cen n. “sight, *sense of sight”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cénë n. “sight”; see instead:
Q. #cen “sight, *sense of sight”
Q. cenítë adj. “seeing, *able to see”
⚠️ᴱQ. lasta n. “sight”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lasta “listening, hearing”
Q. #cen “sight, *sense of sight”
⚠️ᴱQ. lastalaicë adj. “sharpsighted”; see instead:
Q. hendumaica “sharp-eye[d]”
ᴺQ. !sennacénëa [þ] adj. “short-sighted”
⚠️ᴱQ. sië n. “sight, sense of sight, eyesight; pupil of eye”; see instead:
Q. #cen “sight, *sense of sight”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sintacénëa [þ] adj. “short-sighted”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sennacénëa “short-sighted”
Q. tercen n. “insight, *(lit.) through-sight”
Q. #tercenya adj. “of insight, *perceptive”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tirmë n. “steadfast regard, stare, *gaze”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirnë n. “steadfast regard, stare”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tirmë “steadfast regard, stare, *gaze”
⚠️ᴱQ. yesta n. “glance, gaze”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tirmë “steadfast regard, stare, *gaze”
Q. yesta “beginning, *start”

15.54 Sight (obj), Look (obj), Appearance

ᴺQ. !ehten n. “outlook, sight, view, spectacle”
ᴺQ. !ettanië n. “spectacle, (lit.) showing forth”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilcë n. “appearance”; see instead:
Q. nemesta “appearance, seeming”
Q. nemesta n. “appearance, seeming”
⚠️ᴹQ. nemestë n. “appearance”; see instead:
Q. nemesta “appearance, seeming”
ᴹQ. nemestëa adj. “apparent, *obvious”

15.55 to Show

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] apanta- v. “to open, reveal, show, display”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] apantië n. “display, *revealing, ⚠️revelation”
ᴺQ. !iltana- v. “to prove, demonstrate”
Q. leptenta- v. “*to point to, indicate with finger”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nanhalya- v. “to unveil, reveal”; see instead:
ᴺQ. apanta- “to open, reveal, show, display”
Q. tana- v. “to show, indicate”
ᴺQ. !tanar n. “indicator, [linguistics] demonstrative”
ᴺQ. !tanastë n. “presentation”
Q. tëa- v. “to indicate”
Q. tenta- v. “to point (to/out), indicate; to direct toward, be directed toward; to go forth towards (with object)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tyapta- v. “to prove”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !iltana- “to prove, demonstrate”

15.56 to Shine, Glisten

ᴺQ. !accal- v. “to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly”
⚠️ᴱQ. alcana- v. “to blaze”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !accal- “to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly”
⚠️ᴱQ. alcanta- v. “to make shine”
Q., ᴱQ. #cal- v. “to shine”
ᴹQ. faina- v. “to emit light”
Q. ilca- v. “to gleam (white)”
Q. nalta [ñ-] n. “radiance, glittering reflection”
ᴺQ. !nancal- v. “to reflect, (lit.) shine back”
⚠️ᴱQ. ninqua- v. “to shine white”; see instead:
Q. #ninquita- “to whiten, grow white, [ᴹQ.] make white; to shine white”
Q., ᴹQ. sil- v. “to shine (white)”
⚠️ᴱQ. silda adj. “gleaming”; see instead:
Q. ilca- “to gleam (white)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sili- v. “to gleam, glint”; see instead:
Q. ilca- “to gleam (white)”
Q. tin- “to spark, glitter, [ᴹQ.] glint, [ᴱQ.] gleam, shine as a star”
Q. sil- “to shine (white)”
⚠️ᴱQ. silína adj. “shimmering”
⚠️ᴱQ. sint (sinty-) n. “a gleam, spark, glister, drop of dew, etc.”; see instead:
Q. tinwë “spark, [apparent] star”
ᴺQ. titinwë “small star, sparkle of dew, *small sparkling thing”
Q. sisíla- v. “to shine (frequentative)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tilu- v. “to shine (blue)”; see instead:
Q. sil- “to shine (white)”
⚠️ᴱQ. †tilwin n. “shining light, bright light”; see instead:
Q. tinwë “spark, [apparent] star”
⚠️ᴱQ. †tilwínëa adj. “shining”; see instead:
Q. silma “crystal (white); [ᴹQ.] silver, shining white”

15.562 Blinking

Q. ita- v. “to sparkle”
⚠️Q. itara adj. “gleaming”
⚠️Q. itila adj. “twinkling, glinting”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tintilië “sparkling, twinkling”
⚠️Q. miriéla adj. “?sparkling”
ᴹQ. mirilya- v. “to glitter”
⚠️ᴱQ. #pic- v. “to blink”
ᴹQ. rilma n. “glittering light”
ᴹQ. rilya adj. “glittering”
⚠️ᴱQ. silte- v. “to filter (of light), flicker”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^silta- “to sift, sort out, winnow”
⚠️ᴱQ. sintilis (sintiliss-) n. “sparkling as of crystal”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinty- v. “to sparkle”; see instead:
Q. tintila- “to twinkle, sparkle, glitter, give tremulous light, †tremble”
⚠️ᴹQ. sisilla- v. “to glitter (white)”; see instead:
Q. sisíla- “to shine (frequentative)”
Q. tihta- v. “to blink, peer”
⚠️ᴱQ. tilwë n. “glimmer”; see instead:
Q. tinwë “spark, [apparent] star”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tin- v. “to spark, glitter, [ᴹQ.] glint, [ᴱQ.] gleam, shine as a star”
⚠️ᴱQ. tint n. “(silver) spark”; see instead:
Q. tinwë “spark, [apparent] star”
⚠️ᴱQ. tintelë n. “sparkling, twinkling (as of frosty stars)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tintilië “sparkling, twinkling”
Q., ᴹQ. tintila- v. “to twinkle, sparkle, glitter, give tremulous light, †tremble”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tintilië n. “sparkling, twinkling”
⚠️ᴹQ. tintina- v. “to sparkle”; see instead:
Q. tintila- “to twinkle, sparkle, glitter, give tremulous light, †tremble”
⚠️ᴱQ. tintya- v. “to sparkle, etc.”; see instead:
Q. tintila- “to twinkle, sparkle, glitter, give tremulous light, †tremble”
⚠️ᴹQ. †tithilla- v. “to twinkle”; see instead:
Q. sisíla- “to shine (frequentative)”
⚠️ᴱQ. wimpelë n. “a twinkling”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tintilië “sparkling, twinkling”
⚠️ᴱQ. wintelë n. “*twinkling”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tintilië “sparkling, twinkling”
⚠️ᴱQ. winwinoitë adj. “glittering”; see instead:
ᴹQ. rilya “glittering”

15.57 Bright

⚠️ᴱQ. alcara adj. “brilliant, bright, shining”; see instead:
Q. alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant”
⚠️ᴹQ. calarin(a) adj. “*brilliant”; see instead:
Q. alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant”
⚠️ᴱQ. calassë n. “brilliance, clarity”; see instead:
Q. alcar “glory, splendour, radiance, brilliance”
⚠️ᴱQ. calcë (calci-) adj. “brilliant”; see instead:
Q. alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant”
Q., ᴹQ. calima adj. “bright, luminous”
Q., ᴹQ. calina adj. “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined”
⚠️ᴱQ. canwa¹ adj. “lurid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^calwa “lurid”
ᴹQ. ?rillë n. “brilliance”
⚠️ᴱQ. selca adj. “bright”; see instead:
Q. calima “bright, luminous”

15.61 Color

⚠️ᴹQ. laitë n. “colour”; see instead:
ᴺQ. quilë “colour, color, hue”
ᴺQ. !linquilëa adj. “having many colours”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. quilë n. “colour, color, hue”
⚠️ᴱQ. -quil(e)a suf. “-hued”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quilëa adj. “coloured, colored, -hued”
⚠️ᴱQ. -quilna suf. “-pied”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] quilya- v. “to colour, color, embellish, *paint, ⚠️adorn”

15.62 Light in Color

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^calwa adj. “lurid”
⚠️ᴱQ. iscanë n. “pallor”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ninquelë “pallor”
⚠️ᴱQ. laiwa adj. “pale”
⚠️ᴹQ. luina adj. “pale”
ᴺQ. !ninquelë n. “pallor”
ᴹQ. ninquinta- v. “to grow pale”
⚠️ᴱQ. #níva adj. “pale”

15.63 Dark in Color

ᴺQ. !nurno adj. “dark, deep (of hue)”

15.64 White

ᴹQ. alaninquitálima adj. “that cannot be made white (again)”
Q., ᴹQ. fána adj. “white; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] cloud”
⚠️ᴱQ. isca adj. “pale white”; see instead:
Q. ninquë “white; chill, cold; pallid”
⚠️ᴱQ. #lossa adj. “white”; see instead:
Q. lossëa “snowy, (snow) white”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ninquë (ninqui-) adj. “white; chill, cold; pallid”
ᴹQ. ninqueri n. “*white (female thing or personification)”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ninqueru n. “white man, white male swan, white ship, white (male thing or personification)”
ᴹQ. ninquissë n. “whiteness”
Q., ᴹQ. #ninquita- v. “to whiten, grow white, [ᴹQ.] make white; to shine white”
ᴹQ. ninquitárë n. “whitening, whitewashing”

15.65 Black

ᴹQ. mordo n. “[dark] stain, smear; obscurity, dimness, shadow”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. morna adj. “black, dark; black of hair; [ᴹQ.] sombre, ⚠️gloomy”

15.66 Red

⚠️ᴹQ. aira adj. “red, copper-coloured, ruddy”; see instead:
Q. carnë “red, scarlet”
Q. aira “holy, sanctified, [ᴱQ.] worshipful”
⚠️ᴱQ. canwa² adj. “dark red”; see instead:
Q. carnë “red, scarlet”
ᴹQ. caranya- v. “to make red, redden”
⚠️ᴱQ. carmalin(da) n. “russet, orange-red”; see instead:
Q. *varnë “brown, russet; [ᴹQ.] swart, dark brown”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. carnë (carni-) adj. “red, scarlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. carnëambara adj. “*red-breasted”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^carniambos “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
ᴹQ. culda adj. “flame-coloured, golden-red”
ᴹQ. culina adj. “flame-coloured, golden-red”
ᴹQ. †cullo n. “red gold”
⚠️ᴱQ. culmarinda adj. “orange-coloured”; see instead:
ᴹQ. culuina “orange (coloured); ⚠️of gold, golden”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. culuina adj. “orange (coloured); ⚠️of gold, golden”
⚠️ᴱQ. culurinda adj. “orange-coloured”; see instead:
ᴹQ. culuina “orange (coloured); ⚠️of gold, golden”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mirucarnë (mirucarni-) adj. “wine-red”
⚠️Q. narwa adj. “ruddy, red of hair”; see instead:
Q. russa “red-haired”
ᴹQ. roina “ruddy”
ᴹQ. roina adj. “ruddy”
Q. runya adj. “fiery red”
⚠️Q. rusca¹ adj. “red-brown”
Q. russa adj. “red-haired”
Q. russë n. “head or pelt of red hair”
⚠️ᴱQ. saquila adj. “fire-red, scarlet”; see instead:
Q. runya “fiery red”
⚠️ᴱQ. senna adj. “red, brown, red-brown”; see instead:
Q. *varnë “brown, russet; [ᴹQ.] swart, dark brown”
Q. **úcarnë adj. “not red”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. *varnë (varni-) adj. “brown, russet; [ᴹQ.] swart, dark brown”
⚠️ᴱQ. wal(i)na adj. “brown”; see instead:
Q. *varnë “brown, russet; [ᴹQ.] swart, dark brown”

15.67 Blue

ᴺQ. !falwa adj. “turquoise, (lit.) pale surf colour”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] helinquila n. “mauve”
ᴹQ. helwa adj. “(pale) blue”
⚠️ᴱQ. hyúnë adj. “deep blue”; see instead:
Q. luinë “blue”
⚠️ᴹQ. ilin (*ilind-) adj. “pale blue”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helwa “(pale) blue”
ᴺQ. !luicarnë adj. “purple”
Q. luinë (luini-) adj. “blue”
Q. #luinincë (luininci-) adj. “bluish”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lúnë (lúni-) adj. “blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue”; see instead:
Q. luinë “blue”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúnelinquë adj. “flowing; *blue-water”
⚠️ᴱQ. nin (nind-) n. “blue (colour), blueness, blue green”; see instead:
Q. luinë “blue”
⚠️ᴱQ. ninwa adj. “blue”; see instead:
Q. luinë “blue”
⚠️ᴹQ. vindë adj. “pale blue”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helwa “(pale) blue”
⚠️ᴹQ. vinya² adj. “pale blue”; see instead:
ᴹQ. helwa “(pale) blue”

15.68 Green

Q., ᴱQ. laica adj. “green”
Q. laicalassë adj. “green-leaf, green as leaves”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. laiqua adj. “green”; see instead:
Q. laica “green”
⚠️ᴱQ. laiquassë n. “greenness”
⚠️ᴱQ. sinë n. and adj. “pale (bluish) green”; see instead:
Q. laica “green”
ᴹQ. vén [w] n. “greenness, freshness; ⚠️youth”
ᴹQ. venya [w] adj. “green, yellow-green, fresh”

15.69 Yellow

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. malina adj. “yellow, of golden colour”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. malwa adj. “fallow, pale, [ᴱQ.] yellowish, *wan”
ᴹQ. marya adj. “pale, fallow, fawn [light yellowish tan colour]”

15.70 Grey

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. hiswa [þ] adj. “grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dim, fading”
Q. mísë (*mísi-) [þ] adj. “(light) grey”
Q. mista adj. “grey”
Q. sinda [þ] adj. “grey”
Q., ᴹQ. sindë (sindi-) [þ] adj. “grey, pale or silvery grey, [ᴹQ.] pale”
Q. sindië [þ] n. “greyness”

15.71 to Touch

Q. appa- v. “to touch”
ᴺQ. !appalë n. “sense of touch, sensation, feeling [physical]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] citya- v. “to tickle”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cityalë n. “tickling”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cityalëa adj. “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive”
⚠️ᴱQ. tenya- v. “to feel, touch”; see instead:
Q. appa- “to touch”

15.72 to Feel of

Q. lepta- v. “to pick (up/out); to finger, feel with the fingertips”
Q. palta- v. “to feel with the hand, stroke”
⚠️ᴱQ. tatya- v. “to feel for (like tentacles etc.)”; see instead:
Q. lepta- “to pick (up/out); to finger, feel with the fingertips”
⚠️ᴱQ. tentl n. “a feeler”

15.73 Touch

⚠️ᴱQ. tendë (tendi-) n. “sense of touch, sense, sensation, feeling”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !appalë “sense of touch, sensation, feeling [physical]”
⚠️ᴱQ. tócelë n. “handling”; see instead:
Q. mahtië “management, *handling”

15.74 Hard

Q. anastorna adj. “*extremely hard”
Q. norna adj. “tough, stiff; hard, firm, resistant; thrawn, obdurate”
⚠️ᴱQ. omba adj. “hard (*as stone)”; see instead:
Q. sarda “hard (*as stone)”
Q. ronda adj. “solid, firm”
ᴺQ. !ronwa n. “block, solid piece”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽rungwa adj. “stiff, solid”; see instead:
Q. ronda “solid, firm”
Q. sarda adj. “hard (*as stone)”
Q. tancarya- v. “*to become firm”
ᴹQ. tarya adj. “tough, stiff”
Q. #torna adj. “hard”

15.75 Soft

⚠️ᴱQ. (a)malda adj. “tender, soft, kind, gentle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. moica “soft, gentle”
ᴹQ. milya “soft, gentle, weak”
⚠️ᴹQ. cúvima adj. “flexible”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cúvula “flexible, pliant”
ᴹQ. cúvula adj. “flexible, pliant”
ᴺQ. !hlintë (hlinty-) adj. “fluff, down, soft stuff”
⚠️ᴱQ. hohyë n. “fluff”
⚠️ᴱQ. lint (linty-) n. “fluff, down, soft stuff”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hlintë “fluff, down, soft stuff”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] malaqua adj. “soft, yielding, tender (of meat, substances, etc.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. malasta adj. “tender”; see instead:
ᴺQ. malaqua “soft, yielding, tender (of meat, substances, etc.)”
ᴹQ. maxa adj. “soft, pliant”
ᴹQ. milya adj. “soft, gentle, weak”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] moica adj. “soft, gentle”
Q. mussë adj. “soft”

15.76 Rough

ᴺQ. !horna¹ adj. “uneven, rough; rude”
ᴺQ. !hornië n. “roughness; rudeness”
⚠️ᴱQ. ráqua adj. “rough”

15.77 Smooth

Q. hlimbë adj. “sliding, gliding, slippery, sleek”
⚠️ᴱQ. lalta- v. “to smooth out; stroke”; see instead:
Q. pasta- “to smooth, iron”
Q. mahta- “to handle, wield, use, make use of; to manage, deal with, treat, control; [ᴹQ.] to wield a weapon, fight; to stroke, feel”
⚠️ᴱQ. latsina adj. “level, smooth”; see instead:
Q. latina “free (of movement), not encumbered with obstacles, [ᴹQ.] open, cleared (of land)”
ᴺQ. palwa “even, level, flat”
Q. pasta “smooth(ed), sleek, glabrous”
⚠️ᴱQ. latwa adj. “smooth, glossy”; see instead:
Q. pasta “smooth(ed), sleek, glabrous”
⚠️ᴱQ. lëa adj. “smooth, slippery”; see instead:
Q. pasta “smooth(ed), sleek, glabrous”
Q. nalda [ñ-] adj. “bright, polished (of metal)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] oiwa adj. “glossy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] oiwië n. “gloss, glossiness”
Q. pas- [þ] v. “to smooth”
Q., ᴹQ. pasta adj. “smooth(ed), sleek, glabrous”
Q. pasta- v. “to smooth, iron”
Q. †patta adj. “smoothed, sleek”
Q. runda adj. “smooth, polished; *polite”
ᴺQ. !rundië n. “smoothness; politeness”
⚠️ᴱQ. saina adj. “smooth”; see instead:
Q. pasta “smooth(ed), sleek, glabrous”
⚠️ᴱQ. silwa adj. “glossy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. oiwa “glossy”

15.78 Sharp

Q., ᴹQ. aica adj. “fell, terrible, dire; [ᴹQ.] sharp”
⚠️ᴱQ. cenyeva adj. “sharp (of points)”; see instead:
Q. maica¹ “sharp, piercing”
⚠️ᴱQ. fenqua adj. “keen, cutting”; see instead:
Q. maica¹ “sharp, piercing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !laiceta- v. “to sharpen”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !maicata- “to sharpen”
Q. maica¹ adj. “sharp, piercing”
ᴺQ. !maicata- v. “to sharpen”
Q. *mixa adj. “sharp-pointed”
⚠️ᴱQ. valcëa adj. “cutting, sharp”; see instead:
Q. maica¹ “sharp, piercing”

15.79 Dull, Blunt

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^alaica adj. “blunt”
ᴺQ. !almaicata- v. “to blunt, make or become less sharp”
⚠️ᴱQ. il(l)aica adj. “blunt”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^alaica “blunt”

15.81 Heavy, Weighty

Q. cólo n. “burden”
ᴺQ. !colonda adj. “burdened, weighed down, sad”
ᴺQ. !colta- v. “to lade, burden, weigh down”
⚠️ᴱQ. cumba adj. “burdened, laden”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !colonda “burdened, weighed down, sad”
ᴹQ. #cumba “*bellied”
⚠️ᴱQ. cúmë n. “pile, heap; load, burden”; see instead:
Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap”
Q. cólo “burden”
ᴹQ. lu- v. “to be heavy, be sad”
ᴹQ. lumna adj. “lying heavy, burdensome, oppressive, ominous”
ᴹQ. lumna- v. “to lie heavy, be heavy”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lunga adj. “heavy; fraught”; see instead:
Q. #lungo “heavy”
⚠️ᴱQ. lunga(na)- v. “to sag, bend (down), hang heavy, lean”
ᴺQ. !lungië n. “heaviness, gravity”
Q., ᴱQ. #lungo (lungu-) adj. “heavy”
Q. lungumaitë adj. “heavy-handed”
ᴺQ. !lungumë n. “weight, heaviness”
ᴺQ. !lunguntë n. “scales”
ᴺQ. !lungwë n. “pound”
⚠️ᴱQ. pulwa adj. “fat, bulky”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tiuca “thick, fat; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] dense, solid”
⚠️ᴱQ. talacúmë n. “huge burden, pile”
⚠️ᴱQ. talan (taland-) n. “burden”; see instead:
Q. cólo “burden”
Q. talan “flat space, platform; [ᴹQ.] floor, ⚠️ground”
⚠️ᴱQ. talanda adj. “burdened, weighed down, sad”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !colonda “burdened, weighed down, sad”
⚠️ᴱQ. talantë n. “scales”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lunguntë “scales”
⚠️ᴱQ. talca² adj. “heavy”; see instead:
Q. #lungo “heavy”
⚠️ᴱQ. talta- v. “to lade, burden, load charge; to enjoin; to oppress, weigh down”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !colta- “to lade, burden, weigh down”
Q. talta- “to slip, slide down, collapse, fall, [ᴹQ.] slip down, ⚠️slope”

15.82 Light, Nimble

⚠️ᴺQ. !alalunga adj. “light, unheavy”; see instead:
Q. cólima “bearable, light (of burdens and things comparable, troubles, labors, afflications)”
Q. cólima adj. “bearable, light (of burdens and things comparable, troubles, labors, afflications)”
Q. fínë n. “dexterity”
Q. fínëa adj. “dexterous”
Q., ᴱQ. finwa adj. “dexterous, clever; fine, delicate; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] acute, sagacious”
Q. leptafinya adj. “clever-fingered”
ᴺQ. !maitilë n. “skill, handicraft; legerdemain, sleight”
⚠️ᴱQ. maqualë n. “legerdemain, sleight”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !maitilë “skill, handicraft; legerdemain, sleight”
⚠️ᴱQ. tectamaqua adj. “having a good ‘hand’”

15.83 Wet, Damp

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. linquë (linqui-) adj. “wet, [ᴱQ.] ⚠️flowing; water, stream”
⚠️ᴱQ. liquin(a) adj. “wet”; see instead:
ᴹQ. linquë “wet, [ᴱQ.] ⚠️flowing; water, stream”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lóna adj. “soaked, drenched”; see instead:
Q. lóna “(deep) pool, mere, river-feeding well”
ᴹQ. mixa adj. “wet, *damp”
Q., ᴱQ. nenda adj. “wet”
ᴹQ. nítë (*níti-) adj. “moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nos n. “wetness, damp”
⚠️ᴱQ. noswa adj. “damp (of weather)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nítë “moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)”
⚠️ᴱQ. notso n. “damp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. mixa “wet, *damp”
⚠️ᴱQ. sihta adj. “moist, wet”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nítë “moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)”
⚠️ᴱQ. úqua adj. “wet”; see instead:
Q. nenda “wet”

15.84 Dry, Arid

⚠️ᴱQ. arqua adj. “arid, parched, dry”; see instead:
ᴹQ. parca “dry; ⚠️thirsty”
ᴹQ. fauca “thirsty, parched, (lit.) open-mouthed”
⚠️ᴱQ. loima adj. “parched, dry”; see instead:
ᴹQ. fauca “thirsty, parched, (lit.) open-mouthed”
ᴹQ. parca “dry; ⚠️thirsty”
Q. loima “mistake”
ᴺQ. !parahta- v. “to dry”
ᴹQ. parca adj. “dry; ⚠️thirsty”
⚠️ᴺQ. !parcata- v. “to dry something, dry up”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !parahta- “to dry”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sisin [þ-] adj. “parched, scorched”

15.85 Hot, Warm

⚠️ᴱQ. aurin adj. “warm”; see instead:
Q. lauca “[ᴹQ.] warm”
Q., ᴹQ. lauca adj. “[ᴹQ.] warm”
⚠️ᴱQ. lúsina adj. “warm, glowing (of things); affectionate, hearty (of people)”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lauca “warm”
Q. méla “loving, affectionate”
⚠️ᴱQ. murë (mury-) n. “heat, close weather”
⚠️ᴱQ. murya adj. “close, muggy”
ᴺQ. !pellauca adj. “lukewarm”
⚠️ᴱQ. saiwa adj. “hot”; see instead:
Q. úra² “torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot”
⚠️ᴱQ. torqua adj. “blazing hot”; see instead:
ᴺQ. úrin “(blazing) hot”
⚠️ᴱQ. torquelë n. “tropic heat”
⚠️ᴱQ. torwa adj. “baked, dark brown”; see instead:
Q. *varnë “brown, russet; [ᴹQ.] swart, dark brown”
Q. úra² adj. “torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot”
Q. úrë n. “heat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] úrin adj. “(blazing) hot”
⚠️ᴱQ. waliemba adj. “tropical”
⚠️ᴹQ. yulmë n. “red (?heat), smouldering heat”; see instead:
Q. úrë “heat”
Q. yulmë “drinking, carousal”

15.855 to Heat, Be Hot

Q. asta- v. “to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)”
ᴺQ. !laucata- v. “to heat up, warm”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lauta- v. “to warm”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laucata- “to heat up, warm”
ᴹQ. lauta- “to abound”
⚠️ᴱQ. sahta-¹ v. “it is hot”; see instead:
Q. urya- “to be hot; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to blaze, [ᴱQ.] burn (intransitive)”
⚠️ᴱQ. saiwa- v. “?to be hot”; see instead:
Q. urya- “to be hot; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to blaze, [ᴱQ.] burn (intransitive)”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiqu- v. “to melt, thaw”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiquilë n. “melting, thawing, thaw”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiquilindëa adj. “thawing, slushy”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. urya- v. “to be hot; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] to blaze, [ᴱQ.] burn (intransitive)”

15.86 Cold, Frigid

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. helca adj. “icy, ice-cold”
Q., ᴹQ. niquë n. “cold; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] snow”
Q., ᴱQ. ringa adj. “cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; ⚠️damp”
ᴹQ. ringë (ringi-) n. “cold, *chill”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ringë (ringi-) adj. “chill, cool”; see instead:
Q. ringa “cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; ⚠️damp”
ᴹQ. ringë “cold, *chill”
ᴺQ. !ringincë adj. “cool, coldish”
⚠️ᴱQ. yel (yeld-) n. “cold, the cold”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ringë “cold, *chill”
⚠️ᴱQ. yelwa adj. “cold”; see instead:
Q. ringa “cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; ⚠️damp”

15.87 Pure, Clean

ᴺQ. !alafasta adj. “tidy, orderly”
ᴺQ. !alahastaima adj. “incorruptable”
⚠️ᴺQ. !alahastima adj. “incorruptable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alahastaima “incorruptable”
ᴺQ. !alavahtaina adj. “undefiled”
⚠️ᴱQ. alluva adj. “clean”; see instead:
ᴹQ. poica “clean, pure, [ᴱQ.] tidy”
⚠️ᴱQ. nicte- v. “to whiten, cleanse”; see instead:
Q. #ninquita- “to whiten, grow white, [ᴹQ.] make white; to shine white”
ᴺQ. poita- “to cleanse, *clean”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. poica adj. “clean, pure, [ᴱQ.] tidy”
ᴹQ. poinessë n. “?cleanliness”
⚠️ᴱQ. sauna adj. “clean”; see instead:
ᴹQ. poica “clean, pure, [ᴱQ.] tidy”
⚠️ᴱQ. soilë n. “cleansing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !poitië “(act of) cleaning, cleansing”
⚠️ᴱQ. soina adj. “clean”; see instead:
ᴹQ. poica “clean, pure, [ᴱQ.] tidy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sovalda- v. “to cleanse, purify”
⚠️ᴱQ. sovallu- v. “to cleanse, purify”; see instead:
ᴺQ. poita- “to cleanse, *clean”
ᴺQ. ^sovalda- “to cleanse, purify”
⚠️ᴱQ. sovalna- v. “to cleanse, purify”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sovalda- “to cleanse, purify”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sovalwa adj. “cleansing, *purifying”

15.88 Dirty, Soiled

ᴺQ. !auhanta n. “refuse, trash, garbage, (lit.) thing thrown away”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] muqua adj. “filthy”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] mut (muc-) n. “dirt, filth”
Q. söa n. “filth”
ᴺQ. !úpoica adj. “unclean”
ᴹQ. vahta- v. “to soil, stain”
ᴹQ. vára adj. “soiled, dirty”
ᴹQ. vaxë n. “stain”

15.89 Sticky; Gum

ᴹQ. him- v. “to adhere”
ᴺQ. !híma adj. “sticky, viscous”
ᴹQ. himba adj. “adhering, sticking”
ᴺQ., ᴹQ. !himítë (himíti-) adj. “clinging, sticking, (lit.) able to stick on; persistent, chronic”
⚠️ᴺQ. !himta- v. “to make stick, attach”; see instead:
ᴹQ. himya- “to stick to, adhere, cleave to, abide by”
ᴹQ. himya- v. “to stick to, adhere, cleave to, abide by”
⚠️ᴱQ. lutl n. “gum, paste, sticky matter”; see instead:
Q. maxo “mire, [ᴹQ.] sticky substance”
ᴺQ. ^suhtë “resin, gum”
⚠️ᴱQ. suctë (suxi-) n. “resin, gum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^suhtë “resin, gum”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^suhtë (suhti-) n. “resin, gum”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^suhtina adj. “resinous”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽sulca adj. “sticky, viscous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !híma “sticky, viscous”
ᴹQ. sulca “root (especially as edible)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sutl n. “sticky matter, slime, gum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sucul “sticky matter, slime, ⚠️gum”
⚠️ᴱQ. suxina adj. “resinous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^suhtina “resinous”
⚠️ᴱQ. victë n. “gum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^suhtë “resin, gum”
⚠️ᴱQ. vitë (vitsi-) n. “sap, juice”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, *sap”
⚠️ᴱQ. vitevísë n. “*resin, gum, (lit.) sap-blood”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^suhtë “resin, gum”
⚠️ᴱQ. vixa adj. “sticky”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !híma “sticky, viscous”

16. Emotion

16.11 Soul, Spirit

Q. cöacalina n. “light of the house, indwelling spirit”
Q. fëa n. “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul”
Q. fëafelmë n. “*spirit-impulse”
⚠️ᴱQ. manimo n. “holy soul”; see instead:
ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit”
Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul”
ᴹQ. manu n. “departed spirit”
⚠️ᴱQ. olmë² (olmi-) n. “emanation; apparition, spirit”; see instead:
Q. ausa “dim shape, spectral or vague apparition”
Q. indemma “mind-picture (of apparition in dream)”
⚠️ᴱQ. vilissë n. “spirit”; see instead:
Q. súlë “breath; (movement of) spirit, emission of power (of will or desire)”

16.12 Feeling, Emotion

ᴺQ. !fel- v. “to feel (emotions)”
Q. felmë n. “*emotion, impulse”
Q. hondo n. “(seat of the) deepest feelings”
ᴹQ. hórë n. “impulse”
ᴹQ. hórëa adj. “impulsive”
Q. hröafelmë n. “*body-impulse”
Q. inwalmë n. “mood of mind”
Q. inwis (inwist-) n. “change of mind/mood”
⚠️ᴱQ. tendilë n. “feeling, sentiment”
⚠️ᴱQ. tendilëa adj. “feeling; sentimental”

16.13 Passion

Q. avalda [w] adj. “move[d], stirred, excited”
ᴺQ. !felminqua adj. “passionate, full of feeling”
Q. valda [w] adj. “excited, wild”
Q. valmë [w] n. “excitement, emotion”
Q. valta- [w] v. “to excite, rouse, stir up”
Q. valya- [w] v. “to be excited (moved)”

16.14 Care

Q. #ap- v. “to touch one, concern, affect”
ᴺQ. !cimba- v. “to care”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] linta- v. “to soothe”

16.15 Wonder, Astonishment

ᴺQ. !aimë n. “surprise, thing/action that surprises”
ᴺQ. !aita-² v. “to astound, surprise, shock, (orig.) make aghast”
ᴺQ. !ëandë n. “surprise, feeling of surprise”
ᴺQ. !elenta- n. “to impress, (lit.) make marvel”
ᴺQ. !elentaula adj. “impressive”
ᴺQ. !elma n. “wonder, miracle”
ᴺQ. !elma- v. “to marvel at, admire”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] elmenda n. “wonder, wonderment”
ᴺQ. !elmendëa adj. “wonderful”
⚠️ᴹQ. tatalla- v. “to admire, wonder at (the excellence of), marvel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !elma- “to marvel at, admire”

16.17 Fortune (Good or Bad)

⚠️ᴱQ. ambarta adj. “fated”; see instead:
ᴹQ. marta¹ “fated, fey; ⚠️fate”
⚠️ᴱQ. engetor n. “fate, hap, luck”; see instead:
Q. almë “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”
⚠️ᴱQ. lanqu- v. “to get by lot or luck, find”
⚠️ᴱQ. lanqua n. “piece of fortune, lot, luck, happen, hap”; see instead:
Q. almë “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”
ᴹQ. manar n. “doom, final end, fate, fortune; final bliss”
ᴹQ. maranwë n. “destiny”
⚠️ᴱQ. mart n. “a piece of luck”; see instead:
Q. almë “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”
Q., ᴱQ. marta- v. “to define, decree, destine; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to happen (impers.), chance”
ᴹQ. marta¹ adj. and n. “fated, fey; ⚠️fate”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] marto n. “fortune, fate, lot, luck”
⚠️ᴹQ. martya- v. “to destine”; see instead:
Q. marta- “to define, decree, destine; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] to happen (impers.), chance”
ᴹQ. tulumaitë adj. “likely to come, probable (of future events)”
ᴺQ. !tulumaitië adv. “probably”
ᴺQ. !umbarwa adj. “fateful”

16.18 Good Fortune

⚠️ᴹQ. alma n. “good fortune, weal, wealth, *well-being”; see instead:
Q. almë “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”
ᴹQ. almarë n. “blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss”
ᴹQ. almárëa adj. “blessed”
Q. almë n. “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”
ᴺQ. !almien interj. “cheers, (lit.) to good fortune”
Q., ᴹQ. alya adj. “[ᴹQ.] rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed; ⚠️[Q.] fair, good”
⚠️ᴱQ. #val (vald-) n. “good fortune, blessedness, happiness”; see instead:
ᴹQ. almarë “blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss”
⚠️ᴱQ. valto n. “the luck of the Valar”; see instead:
Q. almë “good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune”

16.19 Misfortune

ᴺQ. !morumbar adj. “dark-fated”
ᴺQ. !nairenyanna adv. “unfortunately, (lit.) to my sadness”
Q., ᴹQ. umbar (umbart-) n. “fate, doom, curse”

16.21 to Please

ᴹQ. fasta adj. “pleased”
ᴹQ. fasta-² v. “to please”

16.212 Please in Polite Phrases

⚠️ᴹQ. lá³ interj. “(?please)”; see instead:
Q. mecin “please”
Q. mecin adv. “please”
Q., ᴹQ. namárië interj. “farewell, (lit.) be well, let it be well (to you)”
Q. -tar suf. “honorific”
Q. tar n. “honorific, sir, madam”

16.24 Happy; Happiness

⚠️Q. al(a)-² pref. “well, happily”; see instead:
Q. mai-¹ “excellent, admirable; *well, happily”
Q. alaquenta adj. “well (happily) said”
ᴺQ. !alarya- v. “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
Q., ᴹQ. alassë n. “happiness, [ᴹQ.] joy, merriment”
ᴺQ. !alassëa adj. “joyful, happy, *merry”
ᴺQ. !alasta-¹ v. “to make happy, cheer (up)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !alasta-² v. “to be merry, rejoice”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alarya- “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
⚠️Q. ama- pref. “*well, happily”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tyalië n. “mirth, [ᴹQ.] play, game, sport”
⚠️ᴱQ. valin (valim-) adj. “happy”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alassëa “joyful, happy, *merry”

16.25 to Laugh

⚠️ᴱQ. caca- v. “to laugh”; see instead:
Q. lala- “to laugh”
⚠️ᴱQ. cancalë n. “laughter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalië “laughter, laughing”
⚠️ᴱQ. catl n. “chuckle”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalil “chuckle”
Q. lala- v. “to laugh”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lalasta n. “laughter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalië “laughter, laughing”
ᴺQ. !lalda n. “laugh”
ᴺQ. !lalië n. “laughter, laughing”
ᴺQ. !lalil n. “chuckle”
ᴺQ. !lalta- v. “to make laugh”
ᴺQ. !laltaula adj. “funny, (lit.) apt to make laugh”
⚠️ᴱQ. #mírien n. “mirth”; see instead:
Q. tyalië “mirth, [ᴹQ.] play, game, sport”
⚠️ᴱQ. mirmilë n. “ripple of laughter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalië “laughter, laughing”

16.255 Smile

⚠️ᴱQ. mirë n. “smile”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rëo “smile”
⚠️ᴱQ. mírëa adj. “smiling”; see instead:
Q. raina² “smiling, gracious, sweet-faced”
Q. mírëa “jewelled, *gemmed”
⚠️ᴱQ. miri- v. “to smile”; see instead:
Q. raita-² “to smile”
⚠️ᴱQ. mirilla n. “faint smile”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rëo “smile”
⚠️ᴱQ. mirt (mirty-) n. “grin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rëo “smile”
⚠️ᴱQ. mirtya- v. “to grin”; see instead:
Q. raita-² “to smile”
⚠️ᴺQ. !raila n. “smile”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !rëo “smile”
Q. raina² adj. “smiling, gracious, sweet-faced”
Q. raita-² v. “to smile”
ᴺQ. !rëo n. “smile”

16.26 to Play

ᴺQ. !rantië¹ n. “party”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] toli n. “doll, puppet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolipin (tolipind-) n. “mannikin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tolipincë “little doll”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tolipincë n. “little doll”
ᴺQ. !turutyalmë n. “contest, competition”
ᴺQ. !tútyalië n. “sport, (lit.) strength play”
Q., ᴹQ. tyal- v. “to play”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyalien (tyaliend-) n. “sport, play; jest, mockery”; see instead:
Q. tyalië “mirth, [ᴹQ.] play, game, sport”
ᴺQ. !tyalindo n. “player”
ᴺQ. !tyalma n. “toy, plaything”
ᴺQ. !tyalmë n. “game”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyalu- v. “to play”; see instead:
Q. tyal- “to play”

16.27 to Love; Love

Q. emel n. “love [abstract]”
Q. lamélima adj. “unlovable”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #mel- v. “to love”
Q. méla adj. “loving, affectionate”
⚠️ᴱQ. meles(së) (meless-) n. “love”; see instead:
ᴹQ. melmë “love”
Q., ᴱQ. #mélië n. “*love, loving”
Q., ᴹQ. melima adj. “[ᴹQ.] loveable, ⚠️fair; [Q.] loving, very affectionate”
ᴹQ. melindo n. “lover (m.)”
ᴹQ. melissë n. “lover (f.)”
Q., ᴹQ. melmë n. “love (a particular case [between two people])”
ᴺQ. !melta- v. “to enamour”
ᴺQ. !melu- v. “to fall in love”
Q. melya- v. “*to be in love”
ᴺQ. !nil- v. “to love, have special concern/care/interest for”
Q. nilmë n. “love, concern for things other than self for their own sakes”
ᴹQ. tyaz- v. “to like”
⚠️ᴹQ. yelmë² n. “[unglossed]”

16.272 Friendship

⚠️ᴹQ. helda² adj. “friendly, having love (for)”; see instead:
Q. melda “beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet”
⚠️ᴹQ. helmë n. “friendship”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nilmë “friendship”
⚠️ᴹQ. -iel² suf. “-friend”; see instead:
Q. -(n)dil “-friend, -lover; devotion, disinterested love”
Q. -iel “-daughter; feminine suffix”
Q., ᴹQ. -(n)dil suf. “-friend, -lover; devotion, disinterested love”
ᴹQ. nilda adj. “friendly, loving (towards)”
Q. nílë (níli-) n. “a special concern with or love for”
ᴹQ. nilmë n. “friendship”
Q. oholima adj. “confidential”

16.28 Dear

Q., ᴹQ. melda adj. “beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. melin adj. “dear, [ᴱQ.] beloved”
⚠️ᴱQ. melitsa adj. “beloved, favourite”; see instead:
Q. melda “beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet”
⚠️ᴱQ. melitsë n. “darling, sweetheart”; see instead:
Q. vanimelda “beautiful and beloved, elven-fair”
ᴹQ. moina adj. “familiar, dear”
⚠️ᴱQ. santa adj. “dear, beloved”; see instead:
Q. melda “beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet”
⚠️ᴹQ. sonda adj. “dear, fond”; see instead:
Q. melda “beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet”
⚠️ᴹQ. yelda adj. “friendly, dear as friend”; see instead:
Q. melda “beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet”

16.29 to Kiss

Q., ᴱQ. miqu- v. “to kiss”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] miquë n. “kiss”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] miquelë n. “kissing”
Q. miquelis (miqueliss-) n. “(soft, sweet) kiss”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. miquilis n. “kiss”; see instead:
Q. miquelis “(soft, sweet) kiss”
⚠️ᴱQ. miquilitsë n. “little or tender kiss”; see instead:
Q. miquelis “(soft, sweet) kiss”

16.31 Pain, Suffering

⚠️ᴱQ. cuo n. “a pain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nwalma “pain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] itisin [þ] adj. “itching”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] itisya- [þ] v. “to itch, irritate”
⚠️ᴱQ. malca adj. “giving pain, hurtful”
⚠️ᴱQ. maldor n. “agony”; see instead:
Q. unqualë “death agony, torment, [ᴹQ.] agony, death”
Q. naica adj. “bitterly painful or grievous”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. naicë n. “sharp pain”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. naicelë n. “[ᴱQ.] anguish”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. naicelëa adj. “painful, [ᴱQ.] agonizing”
⚠️ᴱQ. naiqua adj. “painful”; see instead:
Q. naica “bitterly painful or grievous”
Q., ᴱQ. naira² adj. “dreadful, horrible, unendurable, [ᴱQ.] dire, grievous”
⚠️ᴱQ. narwë² n. “pain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nwalma “pain”
ᴺQ. !nwal- [ñ-] v. “to suffer, feel (great) pain”
ᴹQ. nwalma [ñ-] n. “pain”
⚠️ᴱQ. ongo- v. “it pains me (imp.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ongwë n. “pain”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nwalma “pain”
Q. ongwë “crime”
⚠️ᴹQ. sút n. “pain, (esp.) death-throe”; see instead:
Q. unqualë “death agony, torment, [ᴹQ.] agony, death”

16.315 Torture, Torment

⚠️ᴱQ. angaisin(i)ë n. “torment”; see instead:
Q. nwalmë “torment”
⚠️ᴱQ. angaitya- v. “to torment”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nwalya- “to pain, torment”
⚠️ᴱQ. malcanë n. “torture”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ungwalë “torture”
⚠️ᴱQ. naista- v. “to oppress, cause great grief to”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^naita- “to oppress, cause great grief to”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^naita- v. “to oppress, cause great grief to”
Q., ᴹQ. nwalmë [ñ-] n. “torment”
ᴹQ. nwalya- [ñ-] v. “to pain, torment”
ᴹQ. ungwalë n. “torture”
Q., ᴹQ. unqualë n. “death agony, torment, [ᴹQ.] agony, death”
⚠️ᴱQ. valcanë¹ n. “torture”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ungwalë “torture”

16.32 Grief, Sorrow

⚠️ᴱQ. angayanda adj. “miserable”
⚠️ᴱQ. angayassë n. “misery”
ᴺQ. !luitë adj. “melancholic, (lit.) habitually being sad”
ᴹQ. naina- v. “to lament”
ᴺQ. !nainaima adj. “lamentable”
ᴺQ. !nainala adj. “lamenting”
Q. nainië n. “lament, *lamentation”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nainima adj. “lamentable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nainaima “lamentable”
ᴹQ. nairë n. “sorrow, *sadness, ⚠️lament”
ᴹQ. nairëa adj. “sorrowful, *sad”
⚠️ᴱQ. naya- v. “it grieves (impers.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyéna- v. “to lament”; see instead:
ᴹQ. naina- “to lament”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyenyelë n. “lament, lamentation, weeping”; see instead:
Q. nainië “lament, *lamentation”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyérë n. “grief”
⚠️ᴱQ. otocë n. “wailing, beating of breasts”; see instead:
Q. yaimë “wailing”
⚠️ᴱQ. piquis(së) n. “grief”; see instead:
ᴺQ. nyérë “grief”

16.33 Anxiety

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nur (nurr-) n. “complaint, ⚠️growl”
ᴺQ. !nurya- v. “to complain”
Q. penga- v. “to pout”
ᴺQ. !peresta- v. “to disturb”
ᴺQ. !perestië n. “disturbance”
⚠️ᴱQ. quárelë n. “watchfulness, anxiety”
ᴺQ. !tírelë n. “watchfulness, anxiety”
ᴺQ. !tírelëa adj. “anxious”

16.34 to Regret, Repent

⚠️ᴱQ. oista- v. “to bereave”; see instead:
Q. nehta- “to deprive”
⚠️ᴱQ. oito- v. “to lack”; see instead:
Q. pen- “not to have, *to lack”

16.35 Pity

⚠️Q. ócama- v. “*to have mercy”
ᴺQ. !ofelmë n. “sympathy, compassion, pity, *(lit.) together-feeling”
Q. órava- v. “*to have mercy”

16.36 Sad

ᴺQ. !apanaina- v. “to regret, (lit.) after-lament”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lemba adj. “sad”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nairëa “sorrowful, *sad”
ᴹQ. lemba “left behind”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nimbë n. “gloom, sadness”; see instead:
Q. huinë “gloom, (unrelieved) darkness, deep shadow, ⚠️night shade; dark (as a substance)”
ᴹQ. nairë “sorrow, *sadness, ⚠️lament”

16.37 to Cry, Weep

⚠️ᴱQ. maulë n. “crying, weeping”; see instead:
ᴹQ. miulë “whining, mewing”
⚠️ᴱQ. mauya- v. “to cry”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^miuya- “to cry, whine”
ᴹQ. mauya- “to compel”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^miuya- v. “to cry, whine”
ᴺQ. !níta- v. “to weep, cry [tears]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyenyë n. “weeping”
⚠️ᴱQ. #quaina adj. “wailing”; see instead:
Q. yaimëa “wailing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] siqu- v. “to sigh”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] siquilë n. “sighing, ⚠️lament”
Q. yaimë n. “wailing”
Q. yaimëa adj. “wailing”
ᴺQ. !yaiya- v. “to wail, cry in pain, cry grievously”

16.38 Tear

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nië n. “tear”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nienaitë adj. “tearful”

16.39 to Groan

⚠️ᴱQ. #carca- v. “to snarl”; see instead:
Q. yarra- “to growl, snarl”
Q. nurru- v. “to murmur, grumble, mumble”
⚠️ᴱQ. nurru n. “growl”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yarra “growl, snarl”
⚠️ᴱQ. núru- v. “to growl (of dogs), grumble, carp”; see instead:
Q. nurru- “to murmur, grumble, mumble”
Q. yarra- “to growl, snarl”
ᴺQ. !núrula adj. “grumpy, (lit.) likely to growl/grumble”
ᴺQ. !yarra n. “growl, snarl”
Q. yarra- v. “to growl, snarl”

16.41 Hate

⚠️ᴱQ. atempa n. “(strong) dislike”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tevië “hatred, dislike”
⚠️ᴱQ. hari- v. “to hate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tev- “to hate, dislike”
⚠️ᴱQ. moc- v. “to hate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tev- “to hate, dislike”
ᴹQ. mun- v. “to dislike, to not like”
⚠️ᴱQ. nasa- v. “to mislike, taste nasty (impers.); to dislike”; see instead:
Q. uhta- “to dislike, feel disgust with, avoid as painful or nasty”
⚠️ᴱQ. násë n. “loathing”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yelmë¹ “loathing”
⚠️ᴱQ. násëa adj. “loathsome”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yelwa “loathsome”
Q. nattira- v. “to despise”
ᴺQ. !nattírima adj. “despicable”
⚠️ᴱQ. sanca² n. “hate, fierce hatred”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tevië “hatred, dislike”
⚠️ᴱQ. sancë adj. “hateful”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tevinqua “hateful”
⚠️ᴱQ. tempë n. “hate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tevië “hatred, dislike”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tev- v. “to hate, dislike”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tevië n. “hatred, dislike”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tevin adj. “hated”
ᴺQ. !tevinqua adj. “hateful”
Q. uhta- v. “to dislike, feel disgust with, avoid as painful or nasty”
ᴹQ. yelmë¹ n. “loathing”
ᴹQ. yelta- v. “to loathe, abhor”
ᴹQ. yelwa adj. “loathsome”

16.42 Anger

Q. hráva adj. “wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed”
⚠️ᴹQ. merca adj. “wild, untamed”; see instead:
ᴹQ. verca “wild”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] narca adj. “snappy, ill-tempered”
ᴹQ. raiqua adj. “angry”
⚠️ᴹQ. ráva¹ adj. “wild, untamed”; see instead:
Q. hráva “wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed”
Q. ráva “free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless”
⚠️ᴱQ. ravin adj. “fierce, savage (of beasts)”; see instead:
Q. hráva “wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed”
Q. valca [w] adj. “fierce, ferocious”
ᴹQ. verca adj. “wild”

16.43 Rage, Fury

Q., ᴹQ. aha n. “rage”
⚠️ᴱQ. calimbarië adj. “barbarity”
⚠️ᴱQ. calimbo n. “a savage, uncivilized man, barbarian; monster, giant, troll, goblin”
Q. rúsë [þ] n. “wrath”
Q. rúsëa [þ] adj. “wrathful”
Q. ruxa adj. “wroth”
ᴺQ. !urruxa adj. “livid, furious, enraged, incensed, (lit.) hot-wroth”
Q. ursa [þ] n. “rage”
Q. ursa- [þ] v. “to rage”

16.44 Envy, Jealousy

ᴺQ. !hrúcen n. “envy, (lit.) evil-sight”
⚠️ᴱQ. navillo n. “whisper, hint, suspicion, rumour, malicious comment, innuendo”

16.45 Shame

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] naitya- v. “to put to shame, abuse, *rebuke; ⚠️to damage, hurt”
ᴺQ. !naityalë n. “shame”
ᴺQ. !naityana adj. “shamed, ashamed”
⚠️ᴱQ. nanquetë n. “speaking down the nose”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nenquet- “to condescend, (orig.) speak down the nose”
⚠️ᴱQ. narc n. “spiteful remark, snap of a dog”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^narcë “*rend, tear; [ᴱQ.] snap of a dog; spiteful remark”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nenquet- v. “to condescend, (orig.) speak down the nose”
⚠️ᴱQ. pëa n. “scorn”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yaiwë “mocking, scorn”
⚠️ᴱQ. retima adj. “despicable, contemptible”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nattírima “despicable”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tulcarpa- v. “to rebuke”; see instead:
ᴺQ. naitya- “to put to shame, abuse, *rebuke; ⚠️to damage, hurt”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tulcarpië n. “rebuke”; see instead:
ᴺQ. naitya- “to put to shame, abuse, *rebuke; ⚠️to damage, hurt”
ᴺQ. !úlaita- v. “to dishonour”
ᴺQ. !úlaitima adj. “disgraceful, dishonourable”
ᴺQ. !váravalmë n. “scandal”
ᴺQ. !voruhta- v. “to shun, (lit.) ever-avoid”
ᴺQ. !yaita- v. “to mock, scorn”
ᴹQ. yaiwë n. “mocking, scorn”

16.46 Honor

⚠️ᴱQ. aista n. “honour, reverence”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aitalë “reverence, worship, religion”
ᴺQ. !alcarvalda adj. “honourable”
⚠️ᴱQ. carda- v. “to admire, have affection or respect for”
ᴺQ. !failassë n. “justice, fair-mindedness”
ᴺQ. !lengesta n. “character (of a person), set of characteristic traits”
ᴺQ. !ráya- n. “to devote, dedicate, (lit.) to make something be on somebody’s behalf”

16.47 Fame, Glory

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. alcar n. “glory, splendour, radiance, brilliance”
Q., ᴹQ. alcarin(qua) adj. “glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant”
ᴺQ. !alcarya- v. “to glorify”
ᴺQ. !maisinwa adj. “well-known, notable, famous”
ᴺQ. !quettalcar n. “renown, (lit.) word-glory”

16.48 Proud

ᴺQ. !imbalatëa adj. “conceited, (lit.) self-proud”
ᴺQ. !immoquanta adj. “full of him/herself, egotistic, narcissistic”
ᴺQ. !indosatië n. “resolution”
ᴹQ. nucumna adj. “humbled”
ᴺQ. !nucuv- v. “to humble oneself, submit, pay homage, genuflect”
⚠️ᴺQ. !taryalanca adj. “stiff-necked, obstinate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !taryalangova “stiff-necked, obstinate”
ᴺQ. !taryalangova adj. “stiff-necked, obstinate”
ᴺQ. !taryalangwa adj. “obstinate, stiff-necked”
⚠️ᴱQ. turquima adj. “haughty”
ᴺQ. !valatë n. “pride”
ᴺQ. !valatëa adj. “proud”

16.51 to Dare

⚠️ᴱQ. nolo- v. “to dare”; see instead:
ᴹQ. verya- “to dare”
ᴹQ. verya- v. “to dare”

16.52 Brave, Courageous

ᴺQ. !astal n. “valour”
ᴺQ. !caira adj. “eager [to do]”
⚠️ᴹQ. cánë n. “valour”; see instead:
ᴹQ. verië “boldness, *daring”
ᴺQ. !astal “valour”
⚠️ᴹQ. canya adj. “bold; wise”; see instead:
ᴹQ. verya “bold, *brave”
ᴺQ. astalda “*valiant; ⚠️strong”
⚠️ᴱQ. nerëainë n. “stoutness of heart”
⚠️ᴱQ. nolmë n. “audacity”
⚠️ᴱQ. nolmenoitë adj. “audacious”
⚠️ᴱQ. noloitë adj. “daring”; see instead:
ᴹQ. verië “boldness, *daring”
⚠️ᴱQ. nolwa adj. “bold, brave”; see instead:
ᴹQ. verya “bold, *brave”
⚠️ᴺQ. !salyon(do) [þ] n. “hero, dauntless man”; see instead:
ᴹQ. callo “noble man, hero”
ᴹQ. verië n. “boldness, *daring”
ᴹQ. verya adj. “bold, *brave”
ᴺQ. !veryandë n. “adventure, undertaking”
⚠️ᴱQ. vica adj. “valiant”; see instead:
Q. astalda “strong, *valiant”

16.53 Fear, Fright

ᴹQ. aista- v. “to dread”
Q. áya n. “awe”
ᴺQ. !feuna adj. “abhorred, aghast”
ᴹQ. feuya- v. “to feel disgust at, abhor”
⚠️Q. nor-² [ñ-] pref. “fear”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sossë “fear”
ᴹQ. norto “horror”
ᴹQ. norta [ñ-] adj. “horrible”
ᴹQ. norto [ñ-] n. “horror”
ᴹQ. ossë n. “terror”
⚠️ᴱQ. oswë² n. “terror, horror; (evil) phantom, ghost”
Q. #ruc- v. “to feel fear or horror; *to flee (to)”
Q. rúcima adj. “terrible”
Q. ruhta- v. “to terrify”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^sorya- [þ-] v. “to dread, feel fear”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^sossë [þ-] n. “fear”
ᴺQ. !sossëa [þ-] adj. “fearful, afraid”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^sosta- [þ-] v. “to put to fright, terrify”
⚠️Q. †þorya- v. “to dread, feel fear”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sorya- “to dread, feel fear”
⚠️Q. †þossë n. “fear”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sossë “fear”
⚠️Q. †þosta- v. “to put to fright, terrify”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sosta- “to put to fright, terrify”
⚠️ᴱQ. varca n. “fear, dread”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sossë “fear”
⚠️ᴱQ. #varca- v. “to bode (impersonal); to dread, fear”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sorya- “to dread, feel fear”
⚠️ᴱQ. varcima adj. “dreadful”; see instead:
Q. naira² “dreadful, horrible, unendurable, [ᴱQ.] dire, grievous”
Q. rúcima “terrible”
⚠️ᴱQ. varqua adj. “in fear, afraid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sossëa “fearful, afraid”

16.54 Peril, Danger

Q. #raxë n. “*danger”
ᴺQ. !raxëa adj. “dangerous”
ᴺQ. !tarasta- v. “to harass, trouble”
ᴺQ. !tarastië n. “trouble”
⚠️ᴹQ. tarci- v. “to trouble”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tassa n. “(a) trouble, troublesome event/thing/circumstance”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tarastië “trouble”
Q. tassa “index finger”
ᴹQ. úmahta(lë) n. “nuisance”

16.55 Timid, Cowardly

⚠️ᴱQ. caurë n. “timidity, fear”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !numbë “timidity”
⚠️ᴱQ. caurëa adj. “timid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !numbëa “timid”
ᴺQ. !numbë n. “timidity”
ᴺQ. !numbëa adj. “timid”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyenya adj. “querulous, tearful, plaintive”

16.61 to Will, Wish

Q. avanir n. “unwill”
⚠️ᴱQ. irya n. “wish”
⚠️Q. lélë n. “will”; see instead:
Q. níra “will (as a potential or faculty), individual will (in potential)”
⚠️ᴹQ. men- v. “to wish, mean, intend”; see instead:
Q. mína- “to desire to go in some direction, wish to go to a place, make for it; to have some end in view, *intend”
Q. men- “to go, proceed, move (in some direction); to come [when moving to a destination], arrive [+ locative]”
Q. #mendë n. “*will”
ᴺQ. !mermë n. “wish”
⚠️ᴱQ. naicë² adv. “would [that]”; see instead:
Q. nai “maybe; be it that, may it be that; perhaps, it may be, there is a chance or possibility; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] remoter possibility”
Q. níra n. “will (as a potential or faculty), individual will (in potential)”
Q. nirmë n. “act of will, exercise of will”
ᴺQ. !nirmunqua adj. “willful”

16.62 to Desire

⚠️ᴱQ. maivoita- v. “to long exceedingly after”; see instead:
ᴹQ. milya- “to long for”
ᴹQ. milya- v. “to long for”
ᴹQ. xara- v. “to yearn, long for”

16.622 Desire

Q., ᴹQ. #írë n. “desire, [ᴹQ.] longing”
Q., ᴹQ. írima adj. “desirable, lovely”
⚠️Q. lengwë n. “yearning, desire for what is lost or absent”; see instead:
Q. #írë “desire, [ᴹQ.] longing”
ᴹQ. mailë n. “lust”
ᴹQ. mailëa adj. “lustful”
⚠️ᴱQ. maivoinë n. “great longing”; see instead:
Q. #írë “desire, [ᴹQ.] longing”
ᴹQ. milca adj. “greedy”
ᴹQ. milmë n. “desire, greed”
⚠️ᴱQ. voinë n. “desire, wish”
ᴹQ. yesta- v. “to desire”

16.63 Hope

⚠️ᴺQ. !amatírë n. “hope”; see instead:
Q. estel “hope, trust, *faith”
Q. estel n. “hope, trust, *faith”
ᴺQ. !estelenca adj. “hopeless, despairing, desperate”
ᴺQ. !estelya- v. “to hope”
Q., ᴹQ. mer- v. “to hope, [ᴹQ.] wish, desire, want”
ᴺQ. !necestel n. “hopelessness, despair, desperation”
ᴺQ. !santenta- v. “to concentrate, focus (the mind)”

16.64 Thanks

ᴺQ. !hanta- v. “to thank, give thanks”
Q. #hantalë n. “thanksgiving”

16.65 Faithful

Q. astar n. “faith, loyalty”
ᴺQ. !nasarta- v. “to entrust”
⚠️ᴱQ. rú² n. “steadfastness, faith, trustiness”; see instead:
Q. voronwë “steadfastness, loyalty, faith(fulness)”
ᴹQ. sanda [þ] adj. “firm, true, abiding”
Q. sarta adj. “steadfast, trusty, loyal”
Q. sorna [þ] adj. “steadfast”
⚠️ᴺQ. !talya adj. “stalwart, steady, firm”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sanda “firm, true, abiding”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tulca adj. “firm, immovable, steadfast; strong”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulunca adj. “steady, firm”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tulca “firm, immovable, steadfast; strong”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vórima adj. “faithful, *(lit.) able to endure; [ᴹQ.] continuous, enduring, repeated; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] everlasting”
Q., ᴱQ. voronda adj. “faithful, steadfast (in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise)”
Q. voronwë n. “steadfastness, loyalty, faith(fulness)”

16.66 True

⚠️Q. (a)lá interj. “yes”; see instead:
Q. ná “yes, it is so, it is a fact”
Q. sá “very good, all right, I will, I agree of course, of course I do”
⚠️ᴹQ. anwa adj. “true, real, actual”; see instead:
Q. nanwa¹ “existing, actual (true), *real; ⚠️[️ᴱQ.] being”
⚠️ᴺQ. !anwavë adv. “surely, certainly”; see instead:
Q. naitië “indeed, truly, *really”
⚠️ᴱQ. caina¹ adj. “done, actual, real”; see instead:
Q. nanwa¹ “existing, actual (true), *real; ⚠️[️ᴱQ.] being”
Q. carina “done, [ᴹQ.] made, [ᴱQ.] finished”
ᴹQ. enna¹ n. “fact”
⚠️ᴹQ. enwa adj. and n. “existent, real, true; fact”; see instead:
Q. nanwa¹ “existing, actual (true), *real; ⚠️[️ᴱQ.] being”
Q. naitë “true”
ᴹQ. enna¹ “fact”
⚠️ᴺQ. !enwavë adv. “actually”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nanwavë “truly, actually”
Q., ᴱQ. ná interj. “yes, it is so, it is a fact”
Q. naitë adj. “true”
Q. naitië adv. “indeed, truly, *really”
Q., ᴱQ. nanwa¹ adj. “existing, actual (true), *real; ⚠️[️ᴱQ.] being”
ᴺQ. !nanwavë adv. “truly, actually”
ᴺQ. !nanwië n. “reality”
ᴺQ. !nassëa² adj. “natural”
Q. náto interj. “it is that; *yes (emphatic)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nëa adv. “it is, yes”
Q. sá [þ] interj. and adv. “very good, all right, I will, I agree of course, of course I do”

16.67 Lie, Falsehood

ᴺQ. !cupta n. “deception, lie”
⚠️ᴺQ. !enwacuvindo n. “liar, cheater”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuptamo “liar, deceiver”
⚠️ᴱQ. furu n. “lie”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cupta “deception, lie”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hurindo n. “liar”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuptamo “liar, deceiver”
ᴺQ. !laitë adj. “false”
ᴺQ. !laitelë n. “falsehood”
ᴺQ. !laitita- v. “to falsify”
⚠️ᴺQ. !naumë [ñ-] n. “falsehood”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laitelë “falsehood”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nauna [ñ-] adj. “false”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laitë “false”
⚠️ᴺQ. !naunië [ñ-] n. “falsehood”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laitelë “falsehood”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nauta-¹ [ñ-] v. “to falsify”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !laitita- “to falsify”
ᴺQ. !raica- v. “to falsify”

16.68 Deceit

ᴺQ. !cupta- v. “to deceive, lie”
ᴺQ. !cuptalë n. “deception, deceit”
ᴺQ. !cuptamo n. “liar, deceiver”
ᴺQ. !etyanetië n. “hypocrisy”
⚠️ᴱQ. fint n. “a trick, notion”; see instead:
Q. #fintalë “trick”
Q. #fintalë n. “trick”
ᴺQ. !hehtar n. “renegade”
ᴺQ. !hrúfinta- v. “to cheat”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hurulë n. “deception”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuptalë “deception, deceit”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hurumo n. “imposter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cupta- “to deceive, lie”
ᴺQ. !imnetyala adj. “hypocritical, (lit.) self-adorning”
ᴺQ. !imnetyalë n. “hypocrisy, (lit.) self-adornment”
ᴺQ. !imnetyando n. “hypocrite”
ᴺQ. !mainenta- v. “to brag, (lit.) make seem excellent”
ᴺQ. !nenta- v. “to pretend, (lit.) make seem”
ᴺQ. !útulya- v. “to mislead”
ᴺQ. !útulyando n. “deceiver, (lit.) mis-leader”

16.69 to Forgive

Q. #apsen- v. “to remit, release, forgive”
Q. #avatyar- v. “*to forgive, (lit.) do away with”

16.71 Good

⚠️ᴱQ. ais (aist-) n. “good name”
⚠️Q. alacarna adj. “well-done, well-made”
Q. alamen n. “good omen on departure”
Q. alima adj. “fair, good”
⚠️Q. amya-¹ pref. “excellent, admirable”; see instead:
Q. mai-¹ “excellent, admirable; *well, happily”
Q. arya adj. “excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive]; [ᴺQ.] *prefer [with dative]”
Q. arya- v. “to excel”
⚠️ᴱQ. ausi- pref. “well”; see instead:
Q. mai-¹ “excellent, admirable; *well, happily”
Q. ilvan(y)a adj. “perfect”
Q., ᴱQ. mai adv. “well; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] too much”
Q. mai-¹ pref. “excellent, admirable; *well, happily”
Q. maira adj. “admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime”
ᴺQ. !mairië n. “excellence, splendor, sublimity, ‘perfection’”
⚠️ᴱQ. mal adv. “better, best”; see instead:
Q. arya “excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive]; [ᴺQ.] *prefer [with dative]”
⚠️ᴱQ. malda¹ adj. “better, best”; see instead:
Q. arya “excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive]; [ᴺQ.] *prefer [with dative]”
⚠️ᴱQ. mandë adv. “well”; see instead:
Q. mai “well; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] too much”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mára adj. “good, proper; [ᴹQ.] useful, fit, good (of things), [ᴱQ.] excellent; ⚠️mighty, power, doughty”
Q. máralë n. “goodness”
Q. márië adv. and n. “well, happily; goodness, good estate, being well, happiness”
ᴺQ. !niétë adj. “oozing, dripping, exuding”
Q. ráta- v. “to excel, surpass”
⚠️ᴱQ. vandë² adv. “well”; see instead:
Q. mai “well; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] too much”

16.72 Bad

ᴺQ. !alamára adj. “no-good”
ᴹQ. alwara adj. “useless, *worthless”
⚠️ᴱQ. faica² adj. “bad, worthless, useless”; see instead:
Q. urra “bad”
Q. úmara “bad, ill-used, evil, sinister”
ᴹQ. alwara “useless, *worthless”
ᴹQ. faica “contemptible, mean”
⚠️ᴱQ. fel adv. “worse, worst”
⚠️ᴱQ. felda adj. “worse, worst”
Q. nai- pref. “ill, grievously, abominably”
⚠️ᴱQ. naswa adj. “nasty”; see instead:
Q. úra¹ “nasty”
ᴺQ. !nunya adj. “lower (as in quality, rank or value)”
⚠️ᴱQ. quarca adj. “perverse, naughty”
⚠️ᴱQ. quarda adj. “bad”; see instead:
Q. urra “bad”
Q. úmara adj. “bad, ill-used, evil, sinister”
Q. úra¹ adj. “nasty”
Q. urra adj. “bad”

16.73 Right

ᴺQ. !(e)mecima adj. “accurate, always aiming at the mark”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] manë adj. “good (moral, not evil)”
⚠️ᴱQ. manya² adj. “good (not evil)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. manë “good (moral, not evil)”
Q. manya- “to bless”
ᴺQ. !márë n. “(moral) good, goodness”
ᴺQ. !ulculóra adj. “without evil”

16.74 Wrong

Q. hru- pref. “evil-”
Q. hrúcarë n. “evil-doing”
Q. hrú(y)a adj. “evil, wicked”
⚠️Q. naxa² adj. and n. “evil”; see instead:
Q. ulco “evil”
Q. olca adj. “bad, wicked”
⚠️ᴱQ. perqua adj. “wrong”; see instead:
Q. raica “crooked, [ᴹQ.] bent, wrong”
⚠️ᴺQ. !raicë n. “wrong”; see instead:
Q. uxarë “doing wrong, *misdeed”
Q. sau- pref. “very badly”
Q. saucarë n. “doing or making a thing very badly”
Q. saucarya adj. “evil-doing”
Q., ᴱQ. ulca adj. “evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong”
ᴺQ. !ulcarindo n. “evil-doer”
Q. ulco (ulcu-) n. “evil”
Q. úmárë n. “not good = evil”
⚠️ᴹQ. úmëa adj. “evil”; see instead:
Q. ulca “evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong”
Q. úmëa “abundant, swarming, teeming; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] in very great number, very large, [ᴱQ.] large”
Q. úro n. “*evil, nastiness”
Q. us- [þ] pref. “[wrong] with a bad sense; unsuitable, bad, improper, useless, wrong”
⚠️ᴹQ. uvana adj. “wicked”
Q. uxarë n. “doing wrong, *misdeed”
⚠️ᴱQ. vilcin adj. “bitter, evil”; see instead:
Q. ulca “evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong”

16.75 Sin, Impiety

⚠️ᴱQ. curdu n. “sin, wickedness, evil”; see instead:
Q. #úcarë “*sin, debt, trespass”
Q. ulco “evil”
Q. hruo n. “*wickedness”
⚠️Q. #insangarë n. “*temptation”; see instead:
Q. úsahtië “inducement to do wrong, *temptation”
⚠️Q. #naicando n. “*sinner”; see instead:
Q. #úcarindo “*sinner”
⚠️Q. #naico n. “*sinner”; see instead:
Q. #úcarindo “*sinner”
⚠️Q. #naiqua- v. “*to sin”; see instead:
Q. #úcar- “*to trespass, do wrong, sin”
Q. #rohtalië n. “*those who trespass, (lit.) trespass-people”
⚠️Q. terfantië n. “*temptation”; see instead:
Q. úsahtië “inducement to do wrong, *temptation”
⚠️Q. #terpellië n. “*temptation”; see instead:
Q. úsahtië “inducement to do wrong, *temptation”
Q. #úcar- v. “*to trespass, do wrong, sin”
Q. #úcarë n. “*sin, debt, trespass”
ᴺQ. !úcarindë n. “sinner (f.)”
Q. #úcarindo n. “*sinner”
ᴺQ. !úcarunqua adj. “sinful”
ᴺQ. !úfailië n. “unrighteousness”
⚠️Q. #ulcarindo n. “*sinner”; see instead:
Q. #úcarindo “*sinner”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulcarma n. “misdeed”; see instead:
Q. uxarë “doing wrong, *misdeed”
ᴺQ. !úsahtando [þ] n. “tempter”
Q. úsahtië [þ] n. “inducement to do wrong, *temptation”

16.76 Fault, Guilt

ᴺQ. !ahtarulas(së) n. “responsibility, (lit.) aptitude to react”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cáma n. “guilt, responsibility”

16.77 Error, Mistake

ᴺQ. !alaloitala adj. “unfailing”
Q. loi- pref. “mistaken, mistake in ...”
Q. loica adj. “failing, short, inadequate”
Q. loicarë n. “mistaken action”
Q. loima n. “mistake”
Q. loiparë n. “mistake in writing”
ᴺQ. !loipat- v. “to misstep”
Q. loiquetë n. “mistake in speech”
Q. loita- v. “to miss, fail, fall short of (transitive)”
ᴹQ. var- [w] v. “to err”

16.79 Praise

ᴺQ. !artanwa n. “award”
⚠️ᴱQ. cawa- v. “to bow, make obeisance”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cuv- “to bow [the body]”
ᴺQ. !immolaitië n. “self-praise”
Q., ᴹQ. laita- v. “to praise, bless”
Q. #laitalë n. “praise”
ᴺQ. !laitië n. “praising, honour”
ᴺQ. !laitima adj. “honourable, praiseworthy”
ᴺQ. !meluquetya n. “sweet-speaking person, flatterer”
⚠️ᴱQ. olta-¹ v. “to magnify, extol, praise”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^meletya- “to magnify”
Q. laita- “to praise, bless”
ᴹQ. orhal- v. “to exalt”
ᴺQ. !súna- [þ] v. “to be spiritually affected, inspired”
ᴺQ. !súnalë [þ] n. “inspiration”

16.81 Beautiful

⚠️ᴱQ. calwa adj. “fair, beautiful”; see instead:
Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; ⚠️fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy”
ᴺQ. !icítë adj. “cute”
Q. lelya adj. “delicate, beautiful and fine, slender, lovely”
Q. lelya-² v. “to appear (of beautiful things); to attract, enchant (with dative)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. linda adj. “beautiful (of sound), sweet, melodious; soft, gentle, light, [ᴱQ.] kind; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] fair”
⚠️ᴱQ. mailina adj. “beautiful”
⚠️ᴱQ. melwa adj. “lovely, fair”; see instead:
Q. vanima¹ “beautiful, fair, *handsome; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair”
Q. mimírima adj. “very beautiful”
Q. mirya adj. “beautiful, lovely (of works of art only)”
Q. netya adj. “pretty, dainty”
ᴺQ. !sirista- [vb] n. “to apply make-up to”
ᴺQ. !(sir)ritwa [þ] n. “make-up, (lit.) substance for adding finishing touches”
⚠️ᴱQ. telya adj. “attractive; importunate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. telyantalya “alluring, attractive”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telyanta- v. “to allure, *attract”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telyantalya adj. “alluring, attractive”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] telyantassë n. “allurement, attraction”
⚠️ᴱQ. teta- v. “to attract (physical and figurative)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. telyanta- “to allure, *attract”
⚠️ᴱQ. texë n. “attraction”; see instead:
ᴺQ. telyantassë “allurement, attraction”
Q., ᴱQ. †vanë (vani-) adj. “fair, [ᴱQ.] lovely”
⚠️ᴱQ. vanéni n. “beauty”; see instead:
Q. vanessë “beauty”
Q., ᴱQ. vanessë n. “beauty”
⚠️ᴱQ. vanest(e)a adj. “beauteous”; see instead:
Q. vanima¹ “beautiful, fair, *handsome; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair”
Q. vanië n. “beauty”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vanima¹ adj. “beautiful, fair, *handsome; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair”
Q. vanima² n. “beautiful one, fair one”
⚠️Q. vanimalda adj. “thou beautiful; ⚠️most beautiful, exceeding fair”; see instead:
Q. vanimelda “beautiful and beloved, elven-fair”
Q. vanimelda adj. “beautiful and beloved, elven-fair”
ᴹQ. Vanimo n. “The Beautiful; Fair Folk”
ᴺQ. !vanita- v. “to grow/become fair; to beautify, make fair/beautiful”
⚠️ᴱQ. vanta adj. “?beautiful”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. vanya adj. “fair, beautiful, unmarred; ⚠️fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy”
⚠️Q. wenya adj. “fair, beautiful”; see instead:
Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; ⚠️fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy”
ᴹQ. venya “green, yellow-green, fresh”

16.82 Ugly

Q. úvanë(a) adj. “without beauty”
Q. úvanima adj. “not fair, ugly; hard to call beautiful, hideous”

16.99 Emotion (other)

ᴹQ. faica adj. “contemptible, mean”
Q. faila adj. “fair-minded, just, generous”
ᴺQ. !harnalassë n. “schadenfreude, malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else’s misfortune, (lit.) wound-joy”
ᴺQ. !hecima adj. “special (negative)”
ᴺQ. !lustindo n. “ennui”
⚠️ᴱQ. maica adj. “cruel”; see instead:
ᴹQ. naicëa “cruel”
Q. maica¹ “sharp, piercing”
ᴺQ. !minima adj. “special (positive)”
ᴹQ. naicëa adj. “cruel”
ᴹQ. nwalca [ñ-] adj. “cruel”
ᴺQ. !ofelmenca adj. “tactless, indelicate, (lit.) without together-feeling”
Q. ondórëa adj. “hard-hearted, pitiless”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] paimenë n. “vindictiveness, vengefulness, cruelty”
ᴺQ. !quessehonda adj. “frivolous; (lit.) feather-hearted”
ᴺQ. !sanwelunga adj. “serious, (lit.) thought-heavy”
ᴺQ. !sanwelungië n. “seriousness”
Q. sercilixa adj. “blood-thirsty”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulird(e)a adj. “pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels”
⚠️ᴱQ. valca¹ adj. “cruel, bitter”; see instead:
ᴹQ. naicëa “cruel”

17. Mind and Thought

17.11 Mind

⚠️ᴱQ. â n. “mind, inner thought”; see instead:
Q. sanar “mind, thinker, reflector”
⚠️ᴱQ. áma n. “mind, heart, thought”; see instead:
Q. indo “(state of) mind, (inner) thought, mood; will, resolve; [ᴹQ.] heart”
ᴺQ. !immotuntië n. “conscience, (lit.) self-perceiving”
Q., ᴹQ. indo n. “(state of) mind, (inner) thought, mood; will, resolve; [ᴹQ.] heart”
Q. órë n. “heart (inner mind), *conscience; warning, caution, (pre)monition”
⚠️Q. sáma n. “mind”; see instead:
Q. sanar “mind, thinker, reflector”
Q. sanar n. “mind, thinker, reflector”

17.12 Reason, Intelligence

ᴺQ. !axanwë n. “logic, (orig.) law of thought”
ᴺQ. !axanwëa adj. “logical”
⚠️ᴱQ. carpalima adj. “tricky, clever, willy”; see instead:
Q. finca¹ “clever (in petty ways), *tricky”
ᴺQ. !curwa adj. “cunning, skillful”
Q. finca¹ adj. “clever (in petty ways), *tricky”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] finië n. “cunning”
Q. finya adj. “clever”
ᴺQ. !finyalë n. “cleverness”
ᴹQ. handa¹ adj. “understanding, intelligent”
ᴹQ. handassë n. “intelligence”
ᴹQ. handelë n. “intellect”
ᴺQ. !immoturië n. “self-control”
Q. incánu n. “mind master”
Q. incánussë n. “mind mastership”
Q. indómë n. “settled character; will of Eru”
⚠️ᴱQ. isqualë n. “cleverness”; see instead:
Q. finya “clever”
⚠️ᴱQ. isqualëa adj. “clever”; see instead:
Q. finya “clever”
ᴺQ. !ruihandë n. “genius, blazing intellect”
⚠️ᴱQ. tuncë (tunci-) adj. “bright, witty, smart”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tuntaitë “bright, witty, smart; *perceptive”
ᴺQ. !tuntaitë adj. “bright, witty, smart; *perceptive”

17.13 to Think, Reflect

⚠️ᴱQ. enye- v. “to think out, plan, devise”; see instead:
ᴹQ. auta-² “to invent, originate, devise”
ᴺQ. !inwirya- v. “to change one’s mind, reconsider”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nauta-² v. “to conceive”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nauta “bound, obliged”
ᴺQ. !nauya- “to conceive [of an idea]”
ᴺQ. !nauya- v. “to conceive [of an idea]”
⚠️ᴹQ. nov- v. “?to think, form idea, imagine”; see instead:
Q. #sana- “*to think, reflect”
Q. palanyantië n. “telepathy”
Q. #sana- v. “*to think, reflect”
ᴺQ. !sanasta n. “thinking, reflection, pondering”
ᴺQ. !sanastëa adj. “mindful, cognizant, aware of, conscious of”
Q. sanwecenda n. “thought-inspection, thought-reading”
Q. sanwë-latya n. “thought-opening”
Q. sanwementa n. “thought-sending, mental message”
Q., ᴹQ. úvië n. “pondering, consideration, [ᴹQ.] considering a matter (with a view to decision)”

17.14 to Think, be of the Opinion

ᴺQ. !eccan- v. “to proclaim, assert, (lit.) forth-call out”
ᴺQ. !nyaira n. “claim”

17.15 to Believe

Q. #sav- v. “to believe”
ᴺQ. !savielóra adj. “unbelieving, belief-less”
ᴺQ. !savindo n. “believer”

17.151 Guess, Suppose

Q., ᴹQ. ai² adv. “supposing, suppose, maybe; *any”
⚠️ᴺQ. !apacíta- v. “to assume, make premature judgements”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nóquista- “to assume, make premature judgements”
Q. au² adv. “if only”
ᴹQ. au(vë) adv. “might (have), would (have)”
Q. cé¹ adv. “may (be)”
⚠️Q. cé² conj. “if”; see instead:
Q. qui “if”
ᴺQ. [Q.] céla adv. “maybe not”
Q. cenai conj. “if it be that”
Q. cenasta adv. “if it be so, may be, perhaps”
⚠️ᴱQ. ci particle. “may; particle of uncertainty”
⚠️Q. cíta- v. “to suppose”; see instead:
Q. quista- “to suppose”
ᴹQ. intya n. “guess, supposition, idea, notion”
⚠️ᴱQ. intya ? “[unglossed]”
ᴹQ. intya- v. “to guess, suppose”
⚠️Q. ?it(ë) adv. “if”; see instead:
Q. qui “if”
⚠️ᴱQ. mai² adv. “if; do?”; see instead:
Q. qui “if”
Q. ma² “interrogative particle”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nai adv. “maybe; be it that, may it be that; perhaps, it may be, there is a chance or possibility; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] remoter possibility”
⚠️ᴱQ. naus (naust-) n. “suspicion”
⚠️ᴱQ. nauta- v. “to guess”; see instead:
ᴹQ. intya- “to guess, suppose”
ᴺQ. !nóquista- v. “to assume, make premature judgements”
⚠️ᴹQ. quë conj. “if”; see instead:
Q. qui “if”
Q. qui conj. “if”
Q. quista- v. “to suppose”

17.16 to Understand

ᴺQ. !asahanyë [þ] adv. “understandably, of course, (lit.) easily understood”
ᴹQ. hanya- v. “to understand, know about, be skilled in dealing with”

17.17 to Know

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ista- v. “to know”
ᴺQ. !sínu- v. “to realise, (lit.) start to know”
⚠️ᴱQ. tenge- v. “to know, understand, grasp, think”; see instead:
Q. ista- “to know”
ᴹQ. hanya- “to understand, know about, be skilled in dealing with”

17.171 Knowledge, Science

ᴺQ. !cemië n. “chemistry”
ᴺQ. !cemievëa adj. “chemical”
ᴺQ. !coingolmë n. “biology”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cuingolmë n. “biology”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !coingolmë “biology”
ᴺQ. !elecetomacnetëa adj. “electromagnetic”
ᴺQ. !ermangolmë n. “study of matter, physics, [possibly also] chemistry”
ᴺQ. !fisica n. “physics”
ᴹQ. handë n. “knowledge, understanding”
Q., ᴹQ. ingolë n. “lore, science, philosophy; [ᴹQ.] deep lore, magic”
⚠️ᴱQ. issë n. “knowledge, lore”; see instead:
ᴹQ. istya “knowledge”
ᴺQ. !istalë n. “information”
ᴹQ. istalima adj. “knowable, ascertainable”
ᴹQ. istarë n. “knowledge”
ᴹQ. istya n. “knowledge”
⚠️ᴺQ. !masematica [þ] n. “mathematics”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nótengolmë “mathematics”
ᴺQ. !melinólë n. “philosophy”
Q., ᴹQ. nólë [ñ-] n. “lore, knowledge, long study; [ᴹQ.] wisdom”
⚠️ᴱQ. nólemë n. “deep lore, wisdom”; see instead:
Q. nolmë “knowledge, philosophy (including science), department of wisdom (science, etc.)”
ᴹQ. nolwë “wisdom, (secret) lore”
Q. nolmë [ñ-] n. “knowledge, philosophy (including science), department of wisdom (science, etc.)”
ᴹQ. nolwë [ñ-] n. “wisdom, (secret) lore”
ᴺQ. !nótengolmë n. “mathematics”
ᴺQ. !olorië n. “theory”
ᴺQ. !ongolmë n. “geology”
ᴺQ. !ongolmo n. “geologist”
Q. sívë³ n. “knowing, knowledge”

17.172 Omniscient

ᴺQ. !iluasta n. “omnipresence”
Q. ilucara adj. “omnificent”
Q. iluisa adj. “omniscient”
Q. ilúvala adj. “omnipotent”
⚠️ᴱQ. omanastë n. “omnipresence”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !iluasta “omnipresence”
⚠️ᴱQ. omo- pref. “omni-”; see instead:
Q. ilu “everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, ⚠️world; [ᴱQ.] ether”
⚠️ᴱQ. omohérë n. and adj. “omnipotence; almighty”; see instead:
Q. ilúvala “omnipotent”
⚠️ᴱQ. omotengwë n. “omniscience”; see instead:
Q. iluisa “omniscient”

17.18 to Seem

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] avëalta- v. “to resemble closely”
Q. fana n. “raiment, veil; (bright) shape or figure; bodily form of an angelic spirit”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilc- v. “to seem”; see instead:
Q. nem-² “[ᴹQ.] to seem, appear”
⚠️ᴱQ. inye- v. “to imitate, make like”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ovëanta- “to imitate, make like”
Q. nácë interj. “it may be seeming, *qualified yes”
Q., ᴹQ. nem-² v. “[ᴹQ.] to seem, appear”
ᴺQ. !nemba adj. “seeming, evident, probably but not necessarily so”
ᴺQ. !nembalë n. “evidence”
ᴹQ. nenemma- v. “to keep on (re-)appearing”
ᴺQ. !ovëanta- v. “to imitate, make like”
ᴺQ. !ovëantainë n. “imitation”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^ovëassë n. “resemblance; likelihood”
⚠️ᴱQ. sestainë n. “assimilation, imitation, etc.”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ovëantainë “imitation”
⚠️ᴺQ. !séya- [þ] v. “to seem”; see instead:
Q. nem-² “[ᴹQ.] to seem, appear”
⚠️ᴱQ. sovëassë n. “resemblance; likelihood”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ovëassë “resemblance; likelihood”
Q., ᴱQ. vëa¹ adj. “seeming, apparent; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] similar, like”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vëalta- v. “to resemble”
⚠️ᴱQ. vícelë n. “resemblance, comparison”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^ovëassë “resemblance; likelihood”
ᴺQ. vëasta “comparison, ⚠️resemblance”

17.19 Idea, Notion

⚠️ᴱQ. acta n. “notion”; see instead:
ᴹQ. intya “guess, supposition, idea, notion”
⚠️ᴱQ. ent n. “notion, plan, idea”; see instead:
Q. tenna³ “thought, notion, idea”
ᴹQ. intya “guess, supposition, idea, notion”
ᴹQ. inca n. “idea”
⚠️ᴹQ. nó² (nów-) n. “conception, idea, thought”; see instead:
ᴹQ. inca “idea”
Q. sanwë n. “thought, an act of thinking”
Q. selma [þ] n. “fixed idea, will”
⚠️ᴱQ. tengwet(ta) n. “idea, notion”; see instead:
Q. tenna³ “thought, notion, idea”
Q. tenna³ n. “thought, notion, idea”

17.20 Imagination

ᴹQ. aulë n. “invention”
ᴹQ. auta-² v. “to invent, originate, devise”
ᴺQ. !intyaitë adj. “fantastic, fantasy”
ᴹQ. intyalë n. “imagination”
ᴹQ. nausë [þ] n. “imagination”
Q. síma n. “imagination, mind”

17.21 Wise

⚠️ᴱQ. isqua adj. “wise”; see instead:
Q. saila “wise”
⚠️ᴱQ. istaléra adj. “*knowledgeable, wise”; see instead:
Q. istima “wise (in sense knowing very much), knowledgeable, very well informed, learned”
Q., ᴹQ. istima adj. “wise (in sense knowing very much), knowledgeable, very well informed, learned”
⚠️ᴱQ. návë n. “shrewdness, sagacity, perspicacity”
ᴹQ. nóla² [ñ-] adj. “wise, learned”
Q. saila adj. “wise”
⚠️ᴱQ. sailë n. “[unglossed]”; see instead:
Q. saila “wise”
⚠️ᴹQ. saira adj. “wise”; see instead:
Q. saila “wise”
⚠️Q. tára² adj. “wise”; see instead:
Q. saila “wise”
⚠️ᴱQ. tengenwa adj. “wise, knowing, understanding; sensible”; see instead:
Q. istima “wise (in sense knowing very much), knowledgeable, very well informed, learned”

17.22 Stupid, Foolish

Q. alasaila adj. “unwise”
⚠️ᴱQ. auc n. “fool, clumsy fellow”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aut “fool, clumsy fellow”
ᴺQ. !auca adj. “foolish”
ᴺQ. !aucië n. “foolishness”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^aut (auc-) n. “fool, clumsy fellow”
ᴺQ. !handelóra adj. “witless”
⚠️ᴺQ. !hwinima adj. “confusing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hwintaila “confusing”
ᴺQ. !hwintaila adj. “confusing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !istyalóra adj. “ignorant”; see instead:
Q. laistila “ignorant”
Q. laista n. “ignorance, (lit.) not-knowing”
Q. laistila adj. “ignorant”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lamanwa adj. “animal-like, beastly, stupid”
⚠️ᴱQ. laminya adj. “animal-like, beastly, stupid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lamanwa “animal-like, beastly, stupid”
ᴺQ. !sávula adj. “credulous, gullible”
ᴺQ. !úhandë n. “unreason, incomprehension”
ᴺQ. !úhandëa adj. “witless”

17.23 Mad, Crazy, Insane

ᴺQ. !hwinda adj. “mad, crazy”
ᴺQ. !hwinquetë n. “confused talk, nonsense”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sámalórië n. “madness”; see instead:
Q. sanar “mind, thinker, reflector”
ᴺQ. !selmandur n. “fanatic, (lit.) servant of a fixed idea”

17.24 to Learn

Q. par- v. “to learn”
ᴺQ. !parandë n. “(school) lesson”
ᴺQ. !popólu- v. “to practice, (lit.) slowly gain ability”

17.242 to Study

⚠️ᴺQ. !cenya- v. “to study”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nolya- “to study, ⚠️learn”
Q. henta- “to eye, examine, read, scan”
ᴺQ. !nolya- [ñ-] v. “to study, ⚠️learn”

17.25 to Teach

ᴺQ. !nolta- [ñ-] v. “to teach, *educate, tutor, (lit.) make knowledgable”
ᴺQ. !saita- v. “to teach, *train, (lit.) make wise”
ᴺQ. !saitalë n. “education”

17.26 Pupil

⚠️ᴺQ. !nólemo [ñ-] n. “student”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !parmo “student, (lit.) learner”
ᴺQ. !parmo n. “student, (lit.) learner”

17.27 Teacher

Q. ingolmo n. “loremaster, wizard, one with very great knowledge, *scientist”
ᴹQ. istyar n. “scholar, learned man, lore-master, wizard”
Q. nolmo [ñ-] n. “wise person”
ᴺQ. !noltar [ñ-] n. “teacher”
⚠️ᴺQ. !pëantar n. “teacher”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !noltar “teacher”
ᴺQ. !sailiendil n. “philosopher”
ᴺQ. !saitar n. “teacher”

17.28 School

ᴺQ. !istanómë n. “school, academy”
ᴺQ. !nólecöa [ñ-] n. “school, (lit.) house of lore”
ᴺQ. !nolmar [ñ-] n. “school, university, (lit.) wisdom-house”
ᴺQ. !oroparmen n. “high school, university”
ᴺQ. !parmen n. “school, place of study”

17.31 to Remember

ᴺQ. !atsinta- v. “to recognize”
Q. #enyal- v. “to recall, *remember”
ᴺQ. !enyálëa adj. “memorial”
Q. #enyalië n. “memory, (lit.) recalling”
⚠️ᴱQ. minti n. “memory, remembrance, mindfulness”; see instead:
Q. #enyalië “memory, (lit.) recalling”
⚠️ᴱQ. mintya adj. “reminding, ‘memoryful’”; see instead:
Q. #enyalië “memory, (lit.) recalling”
⚠️ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mintya- v. “to remind; ⚠️(impers.) it reminds me = I remember”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !renta- “to remind”
ᴺQ. !ren- v. “to remember”
ᴺQ. !rénë n. “memory”
ᴺQ. !renta- v. “to remind”

17.32 to Forget

ᴺQ. !cuilórëa adj. “absent-minded, (lit.) day-dreamy”
ᴺQ. !etsen- v. “to let loose, release, forget”
⚠️ᴱQ. fanórëa adj. “absent-minded”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuilórëa “absent-minded, (lit.) day-dreamy”
⚠️ᴱQ. fanóriva adj. “absent-minded”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cuilórëa “absent-minded, (lit.) day-dreamy”

17.33 Meaning

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] panin adj. “definite, planned, concerted, deliberate, prepense, meant”
ᴺQ. !tëalë n. “meaning”

17.34 Clear, Plain (to the Mind)

ᴺQ. !hiuma n. “hint, clue”
ᴹQ. hiuta- v. “to hint”
⚠️ᴱQ. liquilta adj. “pellucid”; see instead:
ᴺQ. liquistëa “transparent, *clear”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] liquis (liquist-) n. “clarity, transparence, limpidity”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] liquistëa adj. “transparent, *clear”
ᴺQ. !mínaitë adj. “straightforward, (lit.) apt to have some end in view”
⚠️ᴱQ. nauma n. “hint, clue”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hiuma “hint, clue”
ᴺQ. !óripanta adj. “sincere, honest, open, (lit.) open-hearted”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tercénima adj. “transparent”; see instead:
ᴺQ. liquistëa “transparent, *clear”

17.35 Obscure

⚠️ᴱQ. morwa adj. “unclear, secret”; see instead:
ᴹQ. muina “hidden, secret”
Q. néca adj. “pale, vague, faint, dim to see”
ᴹQ. nulla adj. “dark, dusky, obscure; hidden, secret”
Q. púrëa adj. “smeared, discoloured, bleared”
ᴺQ. !uruhanyaima adj. “complicated, enigmatic, cryptic, hard to understand”
⚠️ᴱQ. valcanë² adj. “vague”

17.36 Secret

⚠️ᴹQ. alistima adj. “unknowable, secret”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^laistima “unknowable, secret”
⚠️ᴱQ. fólë n. “stealth, a secret, secrecy”; see instead:
ᴹQ. muilë “secrecy”
⚠️ᴱQ. fólima adj. “secretive”; see instead:
Q. cuvoitë “hiding, secretive; treacherous”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^laistima adj. “unknowable, secret”
⚠️ᴱQ. lomba adj. “secret”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nulla “dark, dusky, obscure; hidden, secret”
ᴹQ. muilë n. “secrecy”
ᴹQ. muina adj. “hidden, secret”
ᴺQ. !ñulma n. “mystery”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pilucca adj. “stealthy, ⚠️secret”

17.37 Sure, Certain

ᴹQ. altancanta- v. “to become unfixed”
ᴺQ. !latanca adj. “unsure, insecure”
Q. sinwa adj. “known, certain, ascertained”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tanca adj. “firm, fixed, sure, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast”
Q., ᴹQ. tancata- v. “to make firm, fix, confirm”
ᴺQ. !tancavë adv. “certainly”
⚠️ᴱQ. tanco adv. “firmly”

17.38 to Explain

ᴺQ. !sapta- v. “to convince, (lit.) make believe”

17.39 to Solve

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sintë (sinti-) n. “esteem; estimate, computation”
⚠️ᴱQ. tasta- v. “to reckon”; see instead:
Q. not- “to count, [ᴹQ.] reckon”
ᴹQ. onot- “to count up”

17.41 Purpose, Intention

ᴺQ. !carranta n. “strategy, (lit.) action-course”
ᴹQ. ennë n. “thought, purpose”
Q. indu- v. “to will, do on purpose”
Q. induinen n. “purpose”
⚠️Q. lelya-⁴ v. “to will with conscious purpose, immediate or remote”; see instead:
Q. indu- “to will, do on purpose”
⚠️ᴱQ. mecte- v. “to aim at”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mehta- “to aim at”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mehta- v. “to aim at”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^mehtë n. “mark, aim, object”
⚠️ᴹQ. menestë n. “intention”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mínasta “intention, *goal”
⚠️Q. menta-² v. “have as object[ive], (in)tend, proceed, make for, go towards”; see instead:
Q. mína- “to desire to go in some direction, wish to go to a place, make for it; to have some end in view, *intend”
⚠️ᴱQ. met (mect-) n. “mark, aim, object”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mehtë “mark, aim, object”
Q. mína- v. “to desire to go in some direction, wish to go to a place, make for it; to have some end in view, *intend”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^mínasta n. “intention, *goal”
⚠️ᴱQ. #núsima adj. “*inclined”
⚠️ᴺQ. !panyalë n. “meaning, intention”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^mínasta “intention, *goal”
ᴺQ. !tëalë “meaning”
ᴺQ. !sel- [þ] v. “to intend, mean, plan”
⚠️ᴺQ. !selya- [þ] v. “to intend, mean, purpose, resolve”; see instead:
Q. mína- “to desire to go in some direction, wish to go to a place, make for it; to have some end in view, *intend”
⚠️ᴹQ. tel- v. “to intend”; see instead:
Q. mína- “to desire to go in some direction, wish to go to a place, make for it; to have some end in view, *intend”
Q. #tel- “to end, finish (intr.)”
Q. turindo n. “purposeful mind, strong will”

17.42 Cause, Reason

⚠️ᴱQ. ca- pref. “cause”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^cahta n. “cause, motive, reason”
⚠️ᴱQ. casta n. “cause, motive, ultimate reason”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^cahta “cause, motive, reason”
Q. cas(ta) “to(wards) the top, upwards”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^celu n. “source, origin”
ᴺQ. !celumar n. “origin (esp. of people/languages), [German] urheimat, (lit.) source-home”
ᴺQ. !failanta adj. “justified”
ᴺQ. !failata- v. “to justify”
ᴺQ. !failatië n. “justification”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelumë n. “source, origin”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^celu “source, origin”
⚠️ᴱQ. queluva adj. “original”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^celuva “original”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #talma¹ n. “basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, ⚠️root; [ᴱQ.] end”
Q., ᴹQ. #tyar- v. “to cause”
ᴺQ. !tyarda n. “result, *effect”
ᴺQ. !tyarwë n. “reason”

17.43 Doubt

ᴺQ. !attindo n. “doubt, (lit.) two mind”
ᴺQ. !útancië n. “uncertainty”

17.99 Mind and Thought (other)

ᴺQ. !cesula [þ] adj. “inquisitive, curious”
Q. cesya- [þ] v. “to cause interest, interest (oneself), (lit.) to cause one to enquire”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cesyalima [þ] adj. “interesting”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cesyarëa “interesting”
ᴺQ. !cesyarë [þ] n. “interest”
ᴺQ. !cesyarëa [þ] adj. “interesting”

18. Language and Music

18.11 Voice

ᴹQ. alómëa adj. “voiceless”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. óma n. “voice, resonance of the vocal chords, vowel”
ᴹQ. ómalóra adj. “voiceless”

18.12 to Sing

⚠️ᴹQ. lin-² v. “to sing”; see instead:
Q. #lir- “to sing, [ᴹQ.] chant”
⚠️ᴱQ. #linda² adj. “singing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lindëa “singing, ⚠️*musical”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #lindë (lindi-) n. “singing, song, musical sound; [ᴹQ.] air, tune”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lindëa adj. “singing, ⚠️*musical”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lindo n. “singer, singing bird”
⚠️ᴱQ. lindórëa adj. “singing at dawn (esp. of birds)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #lir- v. “to sing, [ᴹQ.] chant”
Q. liralë n. “merry singing”
Q. lírë (líri-) n. “song”
⚠️ᴱQ. lirilla n. “lay, song”; see instead:
ᴹQ. #linwë “short lay”
Q. lírë “song”
Q., ᴹQ. liru- v. “to sing (gaily)”
ᴹQ. liruima adj. “able to be sung”
ᴹQ. lirulë n. “merry song”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^lirusta n. “singing, chant”
⚠️ᴹQ. lirustë n. “singing, chant”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lirusta “singing, chant”
ᴹQ. lirustëa adj. “fit for singing, to be sung”
ᴺQ. !nainalindë n. “dirge, (lit.) lament-song”
⚠️ᴱQ. nala- v. “to sing or ring”; see instead:
Q. #lir- “to sing, [ᴹQ.] chant”
ᴹQ. nyello n. “singer”

18.13 to Shout, Cry Out

ᴺQ. !cacanna- v. “to announce repeatedly, herald, propagate, advertise”
ᴺQ. !cacannalë n. “advertisement”
ᴺQ. !etsonga- v. “to blurt out, (lit.) mouth out [something]”
⚠️ᴹQ. hó n. “shout”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hollë “shout”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.], ᴱQ. hollë n. “shout”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^holtu- v. “to call out, *shout”
⚠️ᴱQ. holtȯ- v. “to call out”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^holtu- “to call out, *shout”
⚠️ᴱQ. húta- v. “to whoop”; see instead:
Q. húta- “to curse”
⚠️ᴱQ. ohta- v. “to shout”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^holtu- “to call out, *shout”
Q. ohta “war”
⚠️ᴱQ. rama- v. “to shout, sound loud, bray, blare”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^holtu- “to call out, *shout”
⚠️ᴱQ. rambë¹ n. “shout, blare”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hollë “shout”
Q. róma “[ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare; [Q.] horn”
⚠️ᴱQ. yama- v. “to shout, call”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^holtu- “to call out, *shout”
⚠️ᴱQ. yáma n. “shout; call; name”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hollë “shout”
Q. essë¹ “name”
⚠️ᴱQ. yambo n. “cheer, shout of triumph”; see instead:
ᴹQ. yello “call, shout, cry of triumph”
ᴹQ. yello n. “call, shout, cry of triumph”

18.14 Various Cries

Q., ᴹQ. a¹ interj. “O, Oh”
⚠️ᴱQ. ai interj. “o!, ha!”; see instead:
Q. a¹ “O, Oh”
Q. ai¹ “ah, alas”
Q. ai¹ interj. “ah, alas”
Q. aiya interj. “hail; behold, lo”
⚠️ᴱQ. alayambo interj. “hurrah!”
Q., ᴹQ. alla interj. “welcome, hail”
⚠️ᴱQ. áyë interj. “hail”; see instead:
Q. aiya “hail; behold, lo”
ᴹQ. é interj. “indeed”
⚠️ᴱQ. ëa interj. “a cry of pain or woe”; see instead:
Q. ai¹ “ah, alas”
Q. ëa- “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”
Q. ela interj. “behold!”
⚠️ᴱQ. ici interj. “look! (what I have)”; see instead:
Q. ela “behold!”
⚠️ᴱQ. mesta n. “bye”
⚠️ᴹQ. nai interj. “alas”; see instead:
Q. ai¹ “ah, alas”
Q. nai “maybe; be it that, may it be that; perhaps, it may be, there is a chance or possibility; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] remoter possibility”
ᴹQ. orro¹ interj. “ugh, alas!, ow!”
ᴺQ. !raiquë interj. “damn! (lit.) rage!”
Q., ᴹQ. yé interj. “lo!, what a ..., what is more”

18.15 Gesture-code

Q. hwermë n. “gesture-code”
Q. mátengwië n. “language of the hands”

18.21 to Speak, Talk

⚠️ᴺQ. !artaquet- v. “to converse, debate”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lanquet- “to converse, debate, *discuss”
ᴹQ. costa- “to quarrel, [ᴱQ.] debate, dispute, *argue”
⚠️ᴺQ. !artaquetië n. “conversation”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lanquetta “conversation, debate, interchange of words”
⚠️ᴺQ. !artaquetta n. “debate, discussion”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lanquetta “conversation, debate, interchange of words”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cacarpa- v. “to chatter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalamma- “to chatter, babble”
⚠️Q. carpa- v. “to talk, speak, use tongue”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^pahta- “to speak, talk (intransitive)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !carpando n. “orator”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !pahtando “orator”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^costaima adj. “debatable”
ᴺQ. !eneques n. “rumor, (lit.) re-saying”
⚠️ᴱQ. hulálë n. “babble, chatter, conversation”
⚠️ᴱQ. lala- v. “to chatter, babble”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalamma- “to chatter, babble”
Q. lala- “to laugh”
ᴺQ. !lalamma- v. “to chatter, babble”
ᴺQ. !lalammamo n. “babbler”
ᴺQ. !lalammië n. “babble”
⚠️ᴱQ. lalar (lalard-) n. “babbler”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lalammamo “babbler”
ᴺQ. !langwes- [þ] v. “to communicate, (lit.) report across”
ᴺQ. !lanquet- v. “to converse, debate, *discuss”
ᴺQ. !lanquetta n. “conversation, debate, interchange of words”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nancarpa- v. “to talk back”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^pahta- “to speak, talk (intransitive)”
ᴺQ. !nanquet-¹ v. “to talk back, speak against”
ᴹQ. #nyarië n. “talking”
ᴹQ. nyárula adj. “apt to talk”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] nyat- v. “to talk idly, *gossip, chat”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^nyatil n. “idle talk, gossip”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyatl n. “idle talk, gossip”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^nyatil “idle talk, gossip”
ᴺQ. !ósana- v. “to counsel, think together”
Q. ósanwë n. “communication of thought, interchange of thought; (lit.) thinking together (dual)”
⚠️Q. †pacta- v. “to speak, talk (intransitive)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^pahta- “to speak, talk (intransitive)”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^pahta- v. “to speak, talk (intransitive)”
Q. pahta² n. “speech”
ᴺQ. !pahtando n. “orator”
⚠️ᴱQ. paiyan n. “oration”

18.22 to Say

⚠️ᴹQ. alquettima adj. “unutterable”; see instead:
Q. úquétima “unspeakable, impossible to say or put into words, unpronounceable”
⚠️Q. ataquetië n. “saying again, repetition”
ᴺQ. !atesta- v. “to mention”
Q. enquet- v. “to repeat, say again”
Q. equë v. “say, says, said”
Q. eques (equess-) n. “saying, (current or proverbial) dictum, quotation from someone’s uttered words, *quote, statement”
ᴺQ. !hórista n. “citation, quotation, (lit.) something cut out”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nyar- v. “to relate, recite, [ᴹQ.] tell, ⚠️talk”
ᴺQ. !ostec- v. “to describe”
ᴺQ. !pententa- v. “to mention, (lit.) indicate by mouth”
ᴺQ. !pententalë n. “mention”
ᴺQ. [Q.] quenna n. “saying, proverb”
⚠️ᴱQ. quentëa adj. “verbal”
ᴹQ. quequetta- v. “to repeat, keep on saying”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. quet- v. “to say, speak, tell, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] talk”
Q. #quétima adj. “speakable, pronounceable, [ᴹQ.] utterable, *able to be said”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quetítë adj. “having speech, able to talk, good at expression, glib”
⚠️ᴱQ. quets(im)a adj. “having speech, able to talk, good at expression, glib”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quetítë “having speech, able to talk, good at expression, glib”
Q. #quétima “speakable, pronounceable, [ᴹQ.] utterable, *able to be said”
⚠️ᴹQ. quettima adj. “utterable”; see instead:
Q. #quétima “speakable, pronounceable, [ᴹQ.] utterable, *able to be said”
Q. úquétima adj. “unspeakable, impossible to say or put into words, unpronounceable”

18.23 to be Silent

Q. óricuvoitë adj. “uncommunicative, keeping one’s own counsel (not necessarily sinister)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tá² interj. “hush, be silent”

18.24 Language

Q. #antorya- v. “to strengthen [of sound]”
Q. antoryamë n. “strengthening”
⚠️Q. carpassë n. “mouth-system; full organized language, including system, vocabulary, metre, etc.”; see instead:
Q. lambelë “phonetics”
ᴺQ. !hlónemma n. “phoneme”
⚠️ᴱQ. -issa suf. “language”; see instead:
Q. #-rin “-ian, racial-adjective, language”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lambë n. “language, tongue, dialect”
ᴺQ. !lambelanga n. “translation”
ᴺQ. !lambelanga- v. “to translate (generally, between languages)”
ᴺQ. !lambengolmë n. “linguistics”
Q. lambina adj. “of tongue, spoken with tongue”
ᴺQ. !minquetyar- v. “to accentuate, (lit.) pronounce prominently”
Q., ᴹQ. minquetyarmë n. “accentuation”
ᴺQ. !pahtalanga n. “interpretation”
ᴺQ. !pahtalanga- v. “to translate (speech), interpret”
ᴺQ. !quennasta n. “syntax”
Q., ᴹQ. #questa n. “speech, language”
ᴹQ. quetil n. “tongue, language, talk”
⚠️ᴱQ. quetl n. “speech, talk”; see instead:
ᴹQ. quetil “tongue, language, talk”
⚠️ᴱQ. -quet(së) suf. “language”; see instead:
Q. #-rin “-ian, racial-adjective, language”
ᴺQ. !quettapano n. “morpheme, (lit.) word-element”
ᴺQ. !quetyar- v. “to pronounce, (lit.) cause vocal speech”
ᴺQ. !quetyarmë n. “pronunciation”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-rin suf. “-ian, racial-adjective, language”
ᴺQ. !tëangolmë n. “semantics”
ᴺQ. !tengwelanga n. “transcription”
ᴺQ. !tengwelanga- v. “to transcribe”
Q., ᴱQ. tengwelë n. “language (general term); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] sense”
Q. tengwestië n. “language [as a concept]”

18.25 Dialect

⚠️ᴱQ. eldaquet n. “language of the Eldar”; see instead:
Q. Eldarin “of the Eldar; Elvish (language)”
⚠️ᴱQ. eldaquetsë adv. “in the language of the Eldar”; see instead:
Q. Eldarin “of the Eldar; Elvish (language)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Eldarin adj. and n. “of the Eldar; Elvish (language)”
⚠️ᴱQ. Eldarissa n. “Language of the Eldar”; see instead:
Q. Eldarin “of the Eldar; Elvish (language)”
⚠️ᴱQ. eldarissë adv. “in the language of the Eldar”; see instead:
Q. Eldarin “of the Eldar; Elvish (language)”
⚠️ᴱQ. Noldorissa n. “Language of the Noldoli”; see instead:
Q. Sindarin “Grey-elven”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Quenya n. “Elvish, High-elven, Elf-latin, †speech; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] belonging to the Qendi, Quendian”
Q., ᴱQ. Quenyarin adj. “*of Quenya”
Q. Sindarin [þ] n. “Grey-elven”

18.26 Word

⚠️ᴱQ. quent n. “word”; see instead:
Q. quetta “word”
⚠️ᴱQ. quentelë n. “sentence; wording, expression, phrase”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quettalë “sentence; wording, expression, phrase”
Q. quetië n. “words, *(lit.) saying”
Q., ᴱQ. quetta n. “word”
ᴺQ. !quettacarmë n. “(art of) word-making”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quettalë n. “sentence; wording, expression, phrase”
ᴺQ. !satarya- v. “to trust, rely on (a person)”
ᴺQ. !vinquetta n. “neologism”
ᴺQ. !yáraquetta n. “archaism, archaic word”

18.27 Glossary, Dictionary

ᴺQ. !quettaparma n. “wordlist, wordbook”

18.28 Name

Q. #amilessë n. “mother-name”
Q. anessë n. “given (or added) name, nickname, surname”
Q. #cilmessë n. “self-name”
⚠️ᴱQ. en(wë) (emb-) n. “name”; see instead:
Q. essë¹ “name”
Q. epessë n. “after-name”
Q., ᴹQ. essë¹ n. “name”
ᴹQ. estaina adj. “named, *called”
ᴺQ. !tengessë n. “address, (lit.) indication-name”
ᴺQ. !vératanna n. “signature, (lit.) personal token”

18.31 to Question, Inquire

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ma² adv. “interrogative particle”
ᴹQ. mallo adv. “whence”
ᴺQ. !malumë¹ adv. “when”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. man pron. “who; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] what”
Q., ᴹQ. mana pron. “what; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] who”
ᴺQ. !manan adv. “why”
Q. manen adv. “how”
ᴹQ. manima adj. “of what kind, of what sort”
ᴹQ. manna adv. “whither”
ᴺQ. !manotë adv. “how many, (lit.) what number”
ᴺQ. !manwa adj. “whose”
Q. #maquet- v. “*to question, ⚠️ask”
ᴺQ. !maquetta n. “question”
ᴹQ. massë¹ adv. “where”
⚠️ᴺQ. !mava adv. “whose”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !manwa “whose”
Q. minasurië [þ] n. “enquiry, *research”
ᴺQ. !minasurindo [þ] n. “researcher”

18.32 to Answer

⚠️Q. aquet- v. “to answer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hanquet- “to answer, *respond”
⚠️Q. endaquet- v. “to answer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hanquet- “to answer, *respond”
Q. enquet- “to repeat, say again”
Q. hanquenta n. “answer, *response”
ᴺQ. !hanquet- v. “to answer, *respond”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nangwesa n. “answer”; see instead:
Q. hanquenta “answer, *response”
ᴺQ. !nanhanquet- v. “to answer back”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nanquet-² v. “to answer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hanquet- “to answer, *respond”
ᴺQ. !nanquet-¹ “to talk back, speak against”
Q. náquet- v. “to assent, agree (on fact); (lit.) to say ‘it is’”
⚠️Q. tóquet- v. “to answer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hanquet- “to answer, *respond”

18.33 to Admit, Confess

Q. asa- [þ] v. “to be willing, agree”
⚠️ᴺQ. !essámalë n. “agreement, (lit.) one-mindedness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !sáquetië “agreement”
ᴺQ. !etequet- v. “to confess, speak out”
Q. sáquet- [þ] v. “I will, to agree (to do); (lit.) to say ‘yes’”
ᴺQ. !sáquetië n. “agreement”

18.34 to Deny

Q. ala-² v. “to deny”
⚠️ᴹQ. lala- v. “to deny”; see instead:
Q. apta- “to refuse, deny, say nay”
Q. láquet- “to deny (fact or accusation); (lit.) to say ‘it is not’”
Q. lala- “to laugh”
Q., ᴹQ. láquet- v. “to deny (fact or accusation); (lit.) to say ‘it is not’”

18.35 to Ask, Request

ᴺQ. !can- v. “to claim, demand (when applied to things)”
Q., ᴹQ. cesta-² v. “to ask”
ᴺQ. !inwista- v. “to persuade, convince”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^iquirya- v. “to ask for, request”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] iquista n. “request; ⚠️if you please, please”
⚠️ᴱQ. iquisya- v. “to ask for, request”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^iquirya- “to ask for, request”
ᴺQ. !mec- v. “to plead”
ᴺQ. !mirquet- v. “to persuade, (lit.) into-talk”
ᴺQ. !mirquétala adj. “persuasive”

18.37 to Refuse

Q. apta- v. “to refuse, deny, say nay”
ᴺQ. !auquer- v. “to reject, (lit.) turn away”
Q. ava-¹ v. “to refuse, forbid”
Q. ava-² pref. “negation (refusing or forbidden)”
ᴺQ. !avanev- v. “to avoid, (lit.) refuse to face”
⚠️ᴹQ. avaquet- v. “to refuse, forbid”; see instead:
Q. váquet- “to refuse, forbid, prohibit; (lit.) to say no, to say ‘I will not or do not’”
ᴺQ. !oswen- v. “to circumvent, work around [something]”
ᴺQ. !oswenië n. “workaround”
ᴺQ. !úcim- v. “disregard”

18.38 to Forbid

Q. avanwa adj. “refused, forbidden, banned”
Q. avanyárima adj. “unspeakable, what one must not tell, not to be told or related”
Q. avaquétima adj. “not to be said, that must not be said”
Q. váquet- v. “to refuse, forbid, prohibit; (lit.) to say no, to say ‘I will not or do not’”

18.41 to Call, Summon

ᴹQ. naham- v. “to summon”
ᴹQ. nahámë n. “summons”
ᴹQ. nahamna adj. “summoned”
Q., ᴹQ. tulta- v. “to send (from point of view of receiver), [ᴹQ.] to send for, send hither, fetch, summon, (lit.) cause to come”
Q. tultaima adj. “*fetchable, summonable”
Q. yal- v. “to summon, *call (out to)”

18.42 to Call, Name

⚠️ᴱQ. en- v. “to be called”; see instead:
ᴹQ. esta-¹ “to name”
⚠️ᴱQ. enna adj. “by name, named, called”; see instead:
ᴹQ. estaina “named, *called”
ᴹQ. esta-¹ v. “to name”

18.44 to Threaten

ᴺQ. !lurwë n. “threat”
ᴺQ. !orda- v. “to threaten”

18.51 to Write

ᴺQ. !amatengw(i)ë n. “supertitle(s)”
⚠️ᴹQ. áratencelë n. “writing of A, (lit.) daywriting”
ᴺQ. !atahenta- v. “to revise, (lit.) re-examine”
ᴺQ. !máfastië n. “hand-pleasure, writing for pleasure of hand and eye”
ᴺQ. !minatec- v. “to record, (lit.) into-write”
ᴺQ. !sallë n. “font, writing style, (lit.) writing-manner”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sar-² v. “to mark (i.e. by incision), notch, score; (by later extension) †to write [on]”
Q. sarmë n. “writing”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tec- v. “to write, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] write on; to mark”
ᴹQ. tecco n. “stroke (of pen or brush), accent [´]”
⚠️ᴱQ. tecta- v. “to write”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tec- “to write, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] write on; to mark”
ᴹQ. tencelë n. “writing (system), spelling”
Q. tengwacilmë n. “spelling”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tengwë n. “sign, token, indication; writing; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] knowledge, understanding; idea, notion, thought”
ᴺQ. !totonna- v. “to type (on computer/phone)”
ᴺQ. !unutengw(i)ë n. “subtitle(s)”

18.52 to Read

Q. #cenda n. “inspection, reading”
Q. cenda- v. “to watch (intensively), observe (for some time); to read”
⚠️Q. cenwa n. “?reading”; see instead:
Q. #cenda “inspection, reading”
Q. ethenta- v. “to read aloud”
Q. henta- v. “to eye, examine, read, scan”
Q. hentië n. “reading”
Q. parmahenta- v. “*to read”
Q. parmahentië n. “(book) reading”
Q. tengwa- v. “to read written matter”
ᴺQ. !tengwalóra adj. “unlettered”
Q. #tengwië n. “reading; language (*signing)”

18.53 Letter of the Alphabet

ᴹQ. amatixë n. “dot or point placed above the line of writing”
Q., ᴹQ. andatehta n. “long-mark”
ᴹQ. andatelco n. “long stem, long leg”
ᴹQ. andólama n. “long consonant”
Q. árë nuquerna n. “árë-reversed”
Q. certa n. “rune”
Q. hwesta sindarinwa [hwesta þindarinwa] n. “Grey-elven hw”
ᴹQ. #napanna n. “additional letter”
Q. nútil (nútill-) n. “under-point”
ᴺQ. !nutta n. “comma, (lit.) that what ties or binds (together)”
Q. #ómatehta n. “vowel-sign”
Q. #óma-tengwë n. “vowel-sign”
ᴹQ. putta n. “stop (in punctuation)”
ᴹQ. quanta-tencelë n. “full writing”
ᴹQ. rincë (rinci-) n. “flourish, quick stroke, hook”
Q. sarat n. “letter (of the Rúmilian alphabet)”
ᴹQ. sa-rincë (sa-rinci-) n. “s-hook, hooked stroke in tengwa”
Q. silmë nuquerna n. “s-reversed”
⚠️ᴱQ. tecet (tecett-) n. “letter”; see instead:
Q. tengwa “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] writing, grammar”
ᴺQ. ^tenca “letter (epistola)”
Q., ᴹQ. tehta n. “(written) mark, sign, symbol, [ᴹQ.] diacritic, [Q.] †written letter”
Q., ᴹQ. tengwa n. “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] writing, grammar”
⚠️ᴹQ. tengwanda n. “alphabet”; see instead:
Q. tengwassë “alphabet”
Q. tengwassë n. “alphabet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tet (tect-) n. “spot, mark”; see instead:
Q. tehta “(written) mark, sign, symbol, [ᴹQ.] diacritic, [Q.] †written letter”
ᴹQ. tixë n. “dot, tiny mark, point”
ᴹQ. unutixë n. “dot or point placed below the line of writing”

18.54 Letter, Epistle

Q. centa n. “enquiry, *essay”
ᴺQ. !sartë (sarti-) n. “note, jot, scribbling, (lit.) a little writing”
ᴺQ. [Q.] ^tenca n. “letter (epistola)”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. tenna² n. “letter (epistola)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tenca “letter (epistola)”

18.55 Tablet

⚠️ᴺQ. !palma² n. “tablet”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !paluhtincë “tablet”
ᴺQ. !paluhtincë n. “tablet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulma n. “bier, tray”

18.56 Paper

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hyalin n. “paper”
ᴺQ. !teccelma n. “scroll, parchment, (lit.) writing-skin”
⚠️ᴺQ. !toluparma n. “scroll, (lit.) roll-book”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !teccelma “scroll, parchment, (lit.) writing-skin”
ᴺQ. !tyallas (tyalass-) n. “(playing) card”

18.57 Pen

⚠️ᴱQ. necca n. “pen”; see instead:
Q. tecil “pen”
Q., ᴹQ. tecil n. “pen”
⚠️ᴱQ. tenca n. “pen”; see instead:
Q. tecil “pen”

18.58 Ink

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] móro n. “ink”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^saramor (saramór-) n. “*writing-ink”

18.61 Book

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. parma n. “book, writing, composition, written document of some size; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment”
ᴺQ. !parmacas (parmacaps-) n. “bookcase”
Q. #parma-resta n. “*book-fair”
ᴺQ. !parmaxë n. “spine (of a book)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tecca n. “book”; see instead:
Q. parma “book, writing, composition, written document of some size; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment”
ᴹQ. tecco “stroke (of pen or brush), accent [´]”
⚠️ᴱQ. tectë (texi-) n. “book”; see instead:
Q. parma “book, writing, composition, written document of some size; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment”
ᴺQ. !tentaparma n. “recipe book, instruction book”

18.62 Page

ᴺQ. !parmalas(së) n. “page, (lit.) leaf of book”
⚠️ᴱQ. patl n. “leaf (esp. of book)”

18.65 Literature

ᴺQ. !etanta- v. “to publish, (lit.) out-give”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lerië n. “issue, release, edition”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !leryalë “release”
ᴺQ. !lérië “freedom”
ᴹQ. parmaina adj. “of books, literary”
ᴺQ. !parmasan (parmasamb-) [þ] n. “library [room]”
ᴺQ. !parmassë n. “literature, ⚠️library”
ᴺQ. !parmasson (parmassond-) n. “librarian”
⚠️ᴱQ. tectelë n. “art of writing, script; writings, documents, papers, scriptures”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tehtalë “art of writing, script; writings, documents, papers, scriptures”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tehtalë n. “art of writing, script; writings, documents, papers, scriptures”

18.66 Author, Writer

Q. nyarnamaitar n. “storyteller, composer of long epic tales, *author”
ᴺQ. !parmahto n. “author”
Q., ᴹQ. †quenso n. “minstrel, reciter”
Q., ᴹQ. quentaro n. “speaker, reciter; [ᴹQ.] narrator, minstrel”
ᴺQ. !tecindo n. “writer”
⚠️ᴱQ. tectar n. “writer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tecindo “writer”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tengwo n. “writer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tecindo “writer”

18.67 Poet

ᴹQ. lairë² n. “poem”
ᴺQ. !lairemo n. “poet”
ᴺQ. !lairesta n. “poetry”
ᴹQ. #linwë n. “short lay”
⚠️ᴺQ. !linwelë n. “poetry”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lairesta “poetry”
⚠️ᴱQ. lirit(ta) n. “poem, lay, written poem”; see instead:
ᴹQ. lairë² “poem”

18.68 Tale, Story

⚠️ᴱQ. eldanyanda n. “*fairy tale”
ᴺQ. !emino n. “character (in a story)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyanda n. “nursery story or rhyme”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyar (nyard-) n. “tale, saying”; see instead:
Q. nyárë “history, account, [ᴹQ.] tale, saga”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyara n. “tale”; see instead:
Q. #nyarna “(long epic) tale, story, legend, [ᴹQ.] saga”
Q., ᴹQ. nyárë n. “history, account, [ᴹQ.] tale, saga”
⚠️ᴱQ. nyarië n. “fable, story, legend”; see instead:
Q. nyárë “history, account, [ᴹQ.] tale, saga”
ᴺQ. !nyarmë n. “storytelling (general/abstract)”
Q., ᴹQ. #nyarna n. “(long epic) tale, story, legend, [ᴹQ.] saga”
ᴺQ. !nyarvë n. “fiction”
ᴺQ. !nyarvëa adj. “fictional”
Q., ᴹQ. quenta n. “story, narrative, account, history, [ᴹQ.] tale”
Q., ᴹQ. quentalë n. “history, narration, [ᴹQ.] account”
⚠️ᴱQ. quentima n. “*tale”; see instead:
Q. quenta “story, narrative, account, history, [ᴹQ.] tale”
ᴺQ. !quitulma n. “scenario”
ᴺQ. !sinyarna n. “novel”
Q. únyárima adj. “impossible to recount”

18.69 Music

⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cantelë n. “music; [ᴱQ.] harping; repetition”; see instead:
Q. lindalë “music”
ᴹQ. nandelë “harping, *repetition”
⚠️ᴱQ. lin¹ (lind-) n. “melody, air, tune, musical voice”; see instead:
Q. #lindë “singing, song, musical sound; [ᴹQ.] air, tune”
Q. #linda- v. “*to sing, make music”
Q., ᴹQ. lindalë n. “music”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^lindalëa adj. “melodious, *musical”
⚠️ᴱQ. lindelë n. “music, song”; see instead:
Q. lindalë “music”
⚠️ᴱQ. lindelëa adj. “melodious”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^lindalëa “melodious, *musical”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] lindelin n. “melody, tune”
ᴺQ. !lindië n. “euphony”
Q. lindimaitar n. “composer, musician”
ᴺQ. !lindista n. “music album”
Q. lingë n. “musical sound”
Q. lingëa adj. “with a musical sound”
ᴺQ. !lirda n. “stanza, verse, (lit.) a product of singing”
ᴺQ. !olindë n. “harmony”
ᴺQ. !olirië n. “concert”

18.70 Instrument

ᴺQ. !linwa n. “musical instrument, device for making music”

18.71 Pipe, Flute

⚠️ᴱQ. polisimpë n. “shepherd’s pipe, Pan-pipes”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] simpa [þ] n. “pipe, flute, flageolet”
⚠️ᴱQ. simpeta- v. “*to pipe”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] simpetar [þ] n. “piper, *fluter”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] simpisë [þ] n. “piping, whistling”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sip- [þ] v. “to pipe”
⚠️ᴱQ. timpinen (timpinend-) n. “fluter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. simpetar “piper, *fluter”

18.72 Harp, Lute

⚠️ᴱQ. cantala- v. “?to harp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nanda- “to harp”
⚠️ᴱQ. cantl n. “(large) harp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nandë “harp”
ᴺQ. !cungandë n. “violin, (lit.) bow-harp”
ᴺQ. !langandë n. “stringed instrument with a neck (lute, guitar, etc.)”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. linga-² v. “to twang, [ᴱQ.] hum like the string of a harp, *resonate; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] ring”
ᴹQ. nanda- [ñ-] v. “to harp”
ᴹQ. nandaro [ñ-] n. “harper”
ᴹQ. nandë [ñ-] n. “harp”
ᴹQ. nandelë n. “harping, *repetition”
ᴹQ. nandellë [ñ-] n. “little harp, *lyre”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^quinga- v. “to twang, thrum (of strings, harps, etc.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. quingi- v. “to twang, thrum (of strings, harps, etc.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^quinga- “to twang, thrum (of strings, harps, etc.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. quintl n. “lyre”
⚠️ᴱQ. salaquínë n. “violin, (lit.) thrumsqueak-er”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !cungandë “violin, (lit.) bow-harp”
⚠️ᴱQ. salma n. “lyre, small harp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nandellë “little harp, *lyre”
⚠️ᴱQ. salmë n. “harp-playing, music of lyres”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nandelë “harping, *repetition”
⚠️ᴱQ. salquin n. “viola”
⚠️ᴱQ. salumbë n. “harping, music”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nandelë “harping, *repetition”
⚠️Q. tanta- v. “to play a harp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nanda- “to harp”
⚠️Q. tant(il)a n. “harp”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nandë “harp”
ᴹQ. tinga- v. “to twang”
ᴹQ. tingë n. “twang”
ᴹQ. tunga adj. “taut, tight; resonant (of strings)”
ᴹQ. tyalangan (*tyalangand-) n. “harp-player”

18.73 Bell, Ringing

⚠️ᴱQ. calon (calong-) n. “(large) bell”; see instead:
Q. nyellë “[ᴹQ.] bell, ⚠️[Q.] small bell”
⚠️ᴱQ. calongalan (calongaland-) n. “ringing or jangling of (large) bells”
⚠️ᴱQ. calonya- v. “to ring, peal”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilin n. “bell”; see instead:
Q. nyellë “[ᴹQ.] bell, ⚠️[Q.] small bell”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilincë v. “small bell”; see instead:
Q. indyel “small bell”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilincelë n. “jingling of (small) bells”
⚠️ᴱQ. cilintya- v. “to ring, tinkle”
Q. indyel n. “small bell”
⚠️ᴱQ. nalië n. “playing of tunes, ringing of bells”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nyel- v. “to chime, to ring (like a bell)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hyal- “to ring, resound”
Q., ᴹQ. nyellë n. “[ᴹQ.] bell, ⚠️[Q.] small bell”
⚠️ᴱQ. yallë n. “a hollow ring”; see instead:
Q. yallë “as, in the same way as, like”

18.74 Drum

⚠️ᴱQ. lapumba n. “drum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tompa “(small) drum”
⚠️ᴺQ. !palampa n. “drum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tompa “(small) drum”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rambil n. “drum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tompa “(small) drum”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rambil(lë) n. “(small) drum”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tompa “(small) drum”
⚠️Q. tomba n. “[unglossed]”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tombo “gong”
ᴺQ. [Q.], ᴱQ. tombo n. “gong”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tompa n. “(small) drum”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tompa- v. “to bang, *drum”
⚠️Q. tompë n. “*pulse, beat”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tompa “(small) drum”
⚠️ᴱQ. tompo- v. “to bang”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tompa- “to bang, *drum”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tontilla n. “cymbal, *tambourine”
⚠️ᴱQ. tontl n. “cymbal, tambourine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. tontilla “cymbal, *tambourine”

19. Social Relations

19.11 Country, Nation

ᴺQ. !Américárin adj. “American”
ᴺQ. !Asiya n. “Asia”
ᴺQ. !Cimrinórin n. “Welsh”
ᴺQ. !Faranconórë n. “France”
ᴺQ. !Foinicer n. “Phoenicians”
ᴺQ. !Hellenórë n. “Greece, Greek people”
ᴺQ. !Italinórë n. “Italy”
ᴺQ. !Portucalëo n. “Portuguese”
ᴺQ. !Romënórin n. “Roman”
ᴺQ. !Tyena n. “China”

19.13 Country (vs. Town)

⚠️ᴱQ. arëan (arëand-) n. “wilderness, deserted place”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ravanda “wilderness”
ᴺQ. !arosto n. “suburb(s), suburbia, outskirts (of city, town)”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^hravanda n. “wilderness”
⚠️ᴹQ. ravanda n. “wilderness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hravanda “wilderness”
ᴺQ. !restassë n. “countryside, the country”
⚠️ᴱQ. rimu n. “outskirts”

19.14 Region, Territory

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. arda n. “region, realm, particular land or region; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] place, spot”
Q., ᴹQ. #-ien² suf. “-land”
⚠️ᴱQ. lar n. “region, place”; see instead:
Q. yondë “region, any fairly extensive region with well-marked natural bounds”
⚠️ᴹQ. †má² n. “land, region”; see instead:
Q. yondë “region, any fairly extensive region with well-marked natural bounds”
ᴹQ. ména n. “region”
Q., ᴹQ. -ndor suf. “land, country”
ᴺQ. !rahtë n. “extent, reach, scope; ⚠️region, sphere, district”
ᴺQ. !taranna n. “shire, county”
Q. turmen n. “realm”
Q. yondë n. “region, any fairly extensive region with well-marked natural bounds”

19.15 Town, City

ᴺQ. !amilosto n. “metropolis”
ᴺQ. !hérosto n. “capital city”
⚠️ᴱQ. irin n. “town”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. ostar n. “township”; see instead:
Q. osto “fortress, stronghold, strong place; [ᴹQ.] city, town with wall round”
ᴹQ. ostirion n. “fort”
Q., ᴹQ. osto n. “fortress, stronghold, strong place; [ᴹQ.] city, town with wall round”
⚠️ᴱQ. pellë n. “town”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirios (tiriost-) n. “town or city with walls and towers, burg”; see instead:
Q. tirion “watch-tower, tower, [ᴱQ.] (great or mighty) tower; ⚠️city on a hill”
⚠️ᴱQ. -uran(do) suf. “town”

19.16 Village

⚠️ᴱQ. hos(t) (host-) n. “dwelling, hamlet”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. masto n. “village”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
ᴹQ. opelë n. “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. rú¹ n. “dwelling, village, hamlet”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. ruella n. “village”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”
⚠️ᴱQ. wasto n. “village”; see instead:
ᴹQ. opelë “walled house, *manor; village, town, *hamlet”

19.17 Boundary

⚠️ᴺQ. !ettelë n. “outer fence, encircling fence”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ettelë “outer lands, foreign parts”
Q. hahta n. “fence, hedge”
Q. landa n. “boundary”
Q. lantalca n. “boundary post or mark”
Q. lanwa adj. “within bounds, limited, finite, (well-)defined”
Q. lanya-¹ v. “to bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pelin adj. “fenced in, pent”
Q. pelo n. “boundary (fence)”
Q. peltas (peltax-) n. “fence of fixed stakes, a ‘pale’”
⚠️ᴱQ. rípë n. “line, margin, bank of stream, edging of grass, border”; see instead:
ᴹQ. réna “edge, border, margin”
ᴹQ. ráva² “bank (especially of a river)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tanda¹ n. “hedge, fence, enclosure; border, rim”; see instead:
Q. yonwa “fence, border, boundary”
⚠️ᴱQ. tar (tár-) n. “hedge, fence”; see instead:
Q. hahta “fence, hedge”
Q. yonda¹ adj. “enclosed”
Q. yonwa n. “fence, border, boundary”
Q. yor- v. “to enclose, set bounds to/about; *to include, contain”

19.21 People, Populace

⚠️ᴱQ. hos(së) (host-) n. “folk, people, tribe”; see instead:
Q. nos(së) “kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people”
ᴺQ. !illië n. “public”
⚠️ᴱQ. laulemuinë n. “people of the neighborhood, population”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. lië n. “people, folk”
ᴺQ. !liendina adj. “popular”
ᴺQ. !ostar n. “community”
ᴺQ. !tyaraitë (tyaraiti-) adj. “effective, productive, effectual, efficacious”
ᴺQ. !uomë n. “community”

19.22 a People, Nation

Q. #aranië n. “kingdom”
⚠️ᴹQ. aranyallë n. “*kingdom”; see instead:
Q. #aranië “kingdom”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nórë n. “land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] family”
ᴺQ. !nórëa adj. “national”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ólëo n. “society, (lit.) together-people”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ólië “society, (lit.) together-people”
ᴺQ. !ólië n. “society, (lit.) together-people”
⚠️ᴱQ. túrin n. “king(dom)”; see instead:
Q. #aranië “kingdom”
⚠️Q. #túrinasta n. “*kingdom”; see instead:
Q. #aranië “kingdom”
⚠️Q. #túrindië n. “*kingdom”; see instead:
Q. #aranië “kingdom”

19.23 Tribe, Clan, Family

⚠️ᴱQ. ettelë n. “family, kindred (in the wide sense)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !orendë “(nuclear) family”
Q. nos(së) “kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people”
ᴹQ. ettelë “outer lands, foreign parts”
⚠️ᴱQ. hostar¹ n. “tribe”; see instead:
ᴹQ. hosto “crowd, assembly”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. nos(së) n. “kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] renda adj. “related, of the same kin or clan”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^rendë n. “kinship, kin, kindred, clan”
⚠️ᴱQ. rendi n. “*kinship, kin, kindred, clan”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^rendë “kinship, kin, kindred, clan”
⚠️ᴱQ. resta n. “support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^rendë “kinship, kin, kindred, clan”
Q. resta “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair”
⚠️ᴱQ. sura n. “a clan”
⚠️ᴱQ. vihta n. “*folk”

19.31 to Rule, Govern

ᴺQ. !artatúrë n. “government”
ᴺQ. [Q.] cunya- v. “to rule, *govern, reign over”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] heru- v. “to lord it over, be master of, own, [ᴱQ.] rule”
ᴺQ. !liëarda n. “republic”
ᴺQ. !liëmelehtëa adj. “democratic”
ᴺQ. !lietúrië n. “democracy”
ᴺQ. !mahtando n. “manager”
ᴺQ. !mahtasta n. “management”
Q. mahtië n. “management, *handling”
⚠️ᴱQ. malcasta n. “lordship, province”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hérë “lordship”
⚠️ᴱQ. maxilistëa adj. “powerful, having possession of or authority over”; see instead:
Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, *having political power”
⚠️ᴱQ. maxima adj. “powerful, having possession of or authority over”; see instead:
Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, *having political power”
ᴺQ. !ohérë n. “government”
ᴺQ. !ohéressë n. “politics”
ᴺQ. !ohéressëa adj. “political”
⚠️ᴺQ. !turëa n. “influential”; see instead:
Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, *having political power”
Q., ᴱQ. túrëa adj. “mighty, masterful, *having political power”
⚠️ᴱQ. turinya- v. “to rule over, reign over”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cunya- “to rule, *govern, reign over”
ᴺQ. !turmë n. “governing power, strength”
ᴺQ. !útúrima adj. “unruly”
ᴺQ. !valmë n. “authority”
⚠️ᴱQ. vard- v. “to rule, govern”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cunya- “to rule, *govern, reign over”
⚠️ᴱQ. warda- v. “to rule”; see instead:
ᴺQ. cunya- “to rule, *govern, reign over”

19.32 King

Q., ᴹQ. aran n. “king”
ᴹQ. aranaitë adj. “*kingly, royal”
⚠️ᴹQ. araníë n. “kingship”; see instead:
Q. aranus(së) “kingship”
ᴺQ. !arantyalmë n. “chess, (lit.) king-game”
Q. aranus(së) n. “kingship”
Q. aranya adj. “*royal”
ᴺQ. !artapano n. “chessboard”
⚠️ᴹQ. haran n. “king, chieftain, lord or king of a specified region”; see instead:
Q. aran “king”
Q. ingaran n. “high-king”
ᴹQ. †tár n. “king”
⚠️ᴱQ. tur (tûr-) n. “king”; see instead:
Q. aran “king”
ᴹQ. †tár “king”
⚠️ᴱQ. túranu n. “king”; see instead:
Q. aran “king”
⚠️ᴱQ. turinda adj. “royal, of the ruling dynasty; in power”
⚠️ᴱQ. turinwa adj. “kingly, royal”; see instead:
ᴹQ. aranaitë “*kingly, royal”
⚠️ᴱQ. vardar n. “king”; see instead:
Q. aran “king”

19.33 Queen

⚠️ᴺQ. !rianna n. “queen”; see instead:
Q. tári “queen, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mistress, lady”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tári n. “queen, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mistress, lady”
Q. táris(së) n. “queenship”
⚠️ᴱQ. túrani n. “queen”; see instead:
Q. tári “queen, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mistress, lady”
⚠️ᴱQ. turinqui n. “queen”; see instead:
Q. tári “queen, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mistress, lady”
⚠️ᴱQ. turinquia adj. “royal, Queenly”
⚠️ᴱQ. turquin (turquim-) n. “queen”; see instead:
Q. tári “queen, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mistress, lady”
⚠️ᴱQ. varni n. “queen”; see instead:
Q. tári “queen, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] mistress, lady”

19.34 Emperor

ᴺQ. !altarnië n. “empire”
ᴺQ. !tararan n. “emperor, (lit.) high-king”

19.35 Prince

Q. aranel n. “princess”
Q., ᴹQ. cundo (cundu-) n. “lord, guardian, [ᴹQ.] prince”
ᴹQ. cunduina adj. “of princes, princely”
⚠️ᴹQ. haryon n. “prince (heir)”; see instead:
Q. cundo “lord, guardian, [ᴹQ.] prince”
ᴹQ. aryon “heir”
⚠️ᴱQ. turillo n. “prince”; see instead:
Q. cundo “lord, guardian, [ᴹQ.] prince”
⚠️ᴱQ. turwen n. “princess”; see instead:
Q. aranel “princess”
⚠️ᴱQ. vardo n. “prince”; see instead:
Q. cundo “lord, guardian, [ᴹQ.] prince”

19.352 Other Titles of Nobility

ᴺQ. !epeharmo n. “president”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] hérë n. “lordship”
⚠️ᴱQ. heritsë n. “an Inwe”; see instead:
Q. heru “lord, master”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nórecáno n. “governer, (lit.) country-leader”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nóretur “governer, (lit.) country-ruler”
ᴺQ. !nóretur n. “governer, (lit.) country-ruler”
ᴺQ. !nóriecáno n. “president”
ᴺQ. !ráquen n. “representative, ambassador”

19.36 Noble, Nobleman

Q. ar(a)- pref. “noble, high”
Q. arandil n. “king’s friend, royalist”
Q. arandur n. “minister, steward, (lit.) king’s servant”
Q. arata adj. “high, noble, exalted, lofty”
ᴺQ. !arátië n. “nobility”
Q. aráto n. “champion, eminent man, noble, lord, ⚠️king”
Q. arquen n. “noble, knight”
ᴺQ. !arquenië n. “nobility”
ᴺQ. !callië n. “heroism”
ᴹQ. callo n. “noble man, hero”
ᴺQ. !callovëa adj. “heroic, hero-like”
⚠️ᴺQ. !herwa adj. “lordly”; see instead:
Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty”
⚠️ᴱQ. malcuvoitë adj. “lordly, noble”; see instead:
Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty”

19.37 Citizen

ᴺQ. !léramo n. “freeman”
ᴺQ. !ostomo n. “citizen”

19.41 Master

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. heru n. “lord, master”
⚠️ᴱQ. malco (malcu-) n. “lord, sir”; see instead:
Q. heru “lord, master”
⚠️ᴹQ. mandu n. “lord”; see instead:
Q. heru “lord, master”
⚠️ᴱQ. maxilis (maxilist-) n. “lordship”; see instead:
ᴺQ. hérë “lordship”
Q. #ortírië n. “*patronage, (lit.) watching over (from above)”
ᴺQ. !ortirmo n. “overseer”
ᴺQ. !ostoher n. “castellan, (lit.) lord of the castle”
Q., ᴹQ. -tur suf. “master, lord, ruler, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] victor”
Q. túrin n. “lord”
ᴹQ. turo n. “master, victor, lord”

19.412 Lady

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #heri n. “lady”
Q. hérincë n. “*little lady”
⚠️ᴱQ. heruni n. “lady”; see instead:
Q. #heri “lady”
⚠️ᴹQ. nissa n. “lady”; see instead:
Q. #heri “lady”

19.42 Slave

Q., ᴹQ. mól n. “slave, [ᴹQ.] thrall”
ᴹQ. #móla adj. “enslaved”
ᴺQ. !mólië n. “slavery, thralldom”
⚠️ᴱQ. norca n. “slave, thrall, servant”; see instead:
Q. mól “slave, [ᴹQ.] thrall”

19.43 Servant

Q., ᴹQ. -(n)dur suf. “servant; ⚠️to serve”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nur- v. “to serve”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !veuya- “to serve”
ᴹQ. nur- “to grow/be dark”
ᴺQ. !núrë n. “maid servant, servant-woman”
ᴺQ. !nurmë n. “subordination”
ᴺQ. !nurmëa adj. “subordinate, lesser”
ᴹQ. núro n. “servant”
Q. tercáno n. “herald”
⚠️ᴱQ. vartyanë n. “service”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !veuyalë “service”
ᴺQ. !veuma n. “server”
⚠️ᴺQ. !veumë n. “service”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !veuyalë “service”
ᴺQ. !veuya- v. “to serve”
ᴺQ. !veuyalë n. “service”
⚠️ᴺQ. !vev- v. “to serve”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !veuya- “to serve”
⚠️ᴺQ. !vevië n. “service”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !veuyalë “service”
⚠️ᴱQ. virt (virty-) n. “servant, slave”; see instead:
ᴹQ. núro “servant”
Q. mól “slave, [ᴹQ.] thrall”
⚠️ᴱQ. virti- v. “to serve”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !veuya- “to serve”

19.44 Free

⚠️ᴱQ. anarië n. “liberality”
⚠️ᴹQ. (a)ranya adj. “free”; see instead:
Q. ráva “free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless”
Q. ranya “erratic wandering; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] free”
⚠️ᴱQ. faica¹ adj. “free”; see instead:
Q. lerina “free (of things)”
⚠️ᴱQ. faino n. “freeman”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !léramo “freeman”
⚠️ᴱQ. fairë (fairi-) adj. “free”; see instead:
Q. léra “free (of persons)”
⚠️ᴱQ. fairië n. “freedom”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lérië “freedom”
⚠️ᴱQ. faldi adj. “free, open, wide”; see instead:
Q. latina “free (of movement), not encumbered with obstacles, [ᴹQ.] open, cleared (of land)”
Q., ᴹQ. latina adj. “free (of movement), not encumbered with obstacles, [ᴹQ.] open, cleared (of land)”
Q. lehta adj. “free, released”
Q. léra adj. “free (of persons)”
ᴺQ. !lérië n. “freedom”
Q. lerina adj. “free (of things)”
Q. lerta- v. “to be free to do”
ᴹQ. mirima adj. “free”
Q. ráva adj. “free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless”

19.45 to Order, Command

⚠️Q. canta- v. “?”; see instead:
Q. canta² “shape, framework, [ᴹQ.] frame; shaped”
Q. canwa¹ n. “announcement, order”
Q. canya- v. “?to command”
ᴺQ. !parta- v. “to arrange, compose, order”
ᴺQ. !partalë n. “order, orderliness, organization”
ᴺQ. !partië n. “arrangement, composition”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pëanta- v. “to give instructions to, enjoin, ⚠️give into one’s hands, *teach”

19.46 to Obey

⚠️ᴺQ. !canwacimië n. “obedience”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !canwahimië “obedience”
⚠️ᴺQ. !canwacimya adj. “obedient”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !canwahimya “obedient”
ᴺQ. !canwahimië n. “obedience”
ᴺQ. !canwahimya adj. “obedient”
⚠️ᴱQ. cim- v. “to heed”
ᴺQ. !himítië n. “compliance”

19.47 to Let, Permit

ᴹQ. lav-² v. “to yield, allow, grant”
⚠️ᴺQ. !lávë n. “permission”; see instead:
ᴹQ. némë “leave, *permission”
ᴺQ. !lávima adj. “permissible”
ᴹQ. némë n. “leave, *permission”
ᴺQ. !ólav- v. “to compromise”
ᴺQ. !ólavië n. “compromise”

19.48 to Compel

ᴺQ. !horina adj. “driven under compulsion, impelled”
⚠️ᴺQ. !horna² adj. “driven under compulsion, impelled”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !horina “driven under compulsion, impelled”
ᴹQ. hortalë n. “speeding, urging”
ᴹQ. horya- v. “to have an impulse, be compelled to do something, set vigorously out to do”
ᴹQ. mausta n. “compulsion”
ᴹQ. mauya- v. “to compel”
Q. or- v. “to warn, urge, feel an urge/wish/desire”
Q. ora- v. “to warn, urge, feel an urge/wish/desire”
Q. sahta- [þ] v. “to induce”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sahtaitë adj. “oppressive, tyrannical”; see instead:
Q. sahta- “to induce”
ᴺQ. !sangarëa “oppressive, tyrannical”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sahtando [þ] n. “tempter”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !úsahtando “tempter”
Q. sahtië [þ] n. “pressure or force (to do something against one’s will or conscience)”
ᴺQ. !sangarë n. “oppression”
ᴺQ. !sangarëa adj. “oppressive, tyrannical”
ᴹQ. siulë n. “incitement”

19.51 Friend

Q. asumo [þ] n. “friend at need, friend with shared interests, colleague”
⚠️ᴹQ. -el suf. “friend”
⚠️ᴹQ. heldë n. “friend”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nildë “friend (f.)”
⚠️ᴹQ. heldo n. “friend”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nildo “friend [m.]”
⚠️ᴹQ. helmo n. “friend”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nilmo “friend”
Q., ᴹQ. málo n. “friend, comrade”
Q. #meldë n. “*friend (f.)”
Q., ᴹQ. #meldo n. “friend, lover”
ᴺQ. !níla adj. “devoted”
ᴺQ. !nílanta- v. “to become devoted, dedicated, or strongly attached”
ᴹQ. nildë n. “friend (f.)”
ᴹQ. nildo n. “friend [m.]”
ᴹQ. nilmo n. “friend”
ᴺQ. !nilya- v. “to befriend, devote oneself to”
ᴹQ. -ser suf. “friend”
ᴹQ. sermë n. “friend (f.)”
ᴹQ. sermo n. “friend”
ᴹQ. seron n. “friend”
⚠️ᴹQ. sondo n. “friend”; see instead:
ᴹQ. nilmo “friend”

19.52 Foe, Enemy

Q. #cotto n. “*enemy”
ᴹQ. cotumo n. “enemy”
ᴹQ. cotya adj. “hostile”
⚠️ᴹQ. untamo n. “enemy”; see instead:
ᴹQ. cotumo “enemy”

19.53 Companion

ᴺQ. !rantarwa n. “partner”
Q. satar n. “trusty follower, loyal companion”
⚠️ᴺQ. !veuro n. “follower, vassal”; see instead:
Q. satar “trusty follower, loyal companion”
⚠️ᴺQ. !voron(do) n. “trusty man, faithful vassal”; see instead:
Q. satar “trusty follower, loyal companion”
ᴺQ. !yonávë n. “company, *companionship, camaraderie”

19.54 Neighbor

Q. armaro n. “*neighbor”
⚠️ᴱQ. rim- v. “to border on, lie at edge, neighbour”
⚠️ᴱQ. rímenoitë adj. “neighboring, bordering”

19.55 Stranger

ᴺQ. !aia adj. “strange, unusual”
ᴹQ. aiano n. “stranger”
ᴹQ. ettelë n. “outer lands, foreign parts”
ᴹQ. ettelëa adj. “foreign”
ᴺQ. !ettemo n. “foreigner”
⚠️ᴱQ. varimo n. “foreigner”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ettemo “foreigner”
⚠️ᴱQ. varitsi n. “foreigner (fem.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ettemo “foreigner”
⚠️ᴱQ. varivoitë adj. “foreign”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ettelëa “foreign”
⚠️ᴱQ. varnë¹ n. “strangeness, estrangement”
⚠️ᴱQ. varyani n. “foreigner (fem.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ettemo “foreigner”
⚠️ᴱQ. varyanu n. “foreigner”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ettemo “foreigner”

19.56 Guest

⚠️ᴺQ. !asa [þ] n. “guest”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nasal “guest”
⚠️ᴺQ. !asalsambë [þ] n. “guest-room”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nasal “guest”
ᴺQ. !cecenna- v. “to visit”
ᴺQ. !nasal [þ] n. “guest”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nasumo [þ] n. “guest, visitor”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nasal “guest”
ᴺQ. !suila- v. “to greet”
ᴺQ. !suilanta- v. “to give greeting”
ᴺQ. !suilië n. “greeting”

19.57 Host

⚠️Q. alatúlië n. “welcome”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !maitulië “welcome thing, happy arrival”
⚠️Q. alatulya adj. “welcome”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !maitulya “welcome”
ᴺQ. !maitulië n. “welcome thing, happy arrival”
ᴺQ. !maitulya adj. “welcome”
ᴺQ. !nas- [þ] v. “to welcome, ⚠️accept”
ᴺQ. !sendassë n. “inn, guest-house”

19.58 to Help, Aid

Q. alya- v. “to cause to prosper, bless (a work), help one”
ᴺQ. !ásë [þ] n. “aid, benefit”
Q. asië [þ] n. “ease, comfort”
Q. asya- [þ] v. “to ease, assist, comfort”
ᴺQ. !asyar [þ] n. “assistant”
ᴺQ. !ocar- v. “to cooperate, work together, participate”
⚠️ᴱQ. penanwa adj. “present, standing by, supporting, backing”
⚠️ᴱQ. penasta n. “being near at hand, support, backing”; see instead:
Q. astarindo “bystander; supporter”
Q. *sámo [þ] n. “helper”
⚠️ᴱQ. sulta- v. “to support”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tuluhta- “to support, prop (up), uphold”
⚠️ᴱQ. tiusima adj. “comforting, consoling, easing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^tiutaila “comforting, consoling, easing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiuta- v. “to corroborate, confirm; to comfort, console, *(orig.) to make firm; ⚠️to strengthen”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^tiutaila adj. “comforting, consoling, easing”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tiutalë n. “confirmation; comfort, consolation, easement; ⚠️strengthening, reinforcement”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulpië n. “supporting, toleration”
⚠️ᴱQ. tulpu- v. “to uphold, support; to aid; to endure, tolerate; to bear (with); to prop”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tuluhta- “to support, prop (up), uphold”
Q. #col- “to bear, *carry, wear”
ᴺQ. !tuluhta- v. “to support, prop (up), uphold”

19.59 to Hinder, Prevent

Q. hranga- v. “to thwart”
Q. nuhta- v. “to stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue”
ᴺQ. !nuqua n. “obstacle”
ᴺQ. !óricuva n. “traitor”
ᴺQ. !sama- v. “to bar, exclude”
ᴹQ. tampa n. “stopper”
ᴹQ. tap- v. “to stop, block”
Q. tapta adj. “impeded”
ᴺQ. !varta- v. “to betray”
⚠️ᴺQ. !vartando n. “betrayer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !varto “betrayer”
ᴺQ. !vartië n. “betrayal”
ᴺQ. !varto n. “betrayer”

19.61 Custom, Usage

ᴺQ. !catamen n. “background, milieu”
ᴹQ. haimë n. “habit”
ᴺQ. !haimëa adj. “habitual, ⚠️cultural”
ᴺQ. !haimelë n. “culture”
ᴺQ. !haimelëa adj. “cultural”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sitina adj. “habitual, customary, accustomed, usual, ordinary, common”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sito (situ-) n. “custom, habit”
⚠️ᴱQ. sitsina adj. “habitual, customary, accustomed, usual, ordinary, common”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^sitina “habitual, customary, accustomed, usual, ordinary, common”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sitta- v. “I am used to, I do habitually”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] situ- v. “to be accustomed [to]”

19.62 Strife, Quarrel

⚠️ᴱQ. cos (cost-) n. “quarrel, dispute, the matter disputed, legal action”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^costë “quarrel, dispute; legal action”
⚠️ᴱQ. cosima adj. “debatable”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^costaima “debatable”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. costa- v. “to quarrel, [ᴱQ.] debate, dispute, *argue”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^costë n. “quarrel, dispute; legal action”
ᴺQ. !costula adj. “quarrelsome, belligerent”
⚠️ᴱQ. nara n. “strife”
⚠️ᴱQ. nara- v. “to snap, quarrel”; see instead:
ᴹQ. costa- “to quarrel, [ᴱQ.] debate, dispute, *argue”
ᴺQ. !talatya- v. “refute, (lit.) make (it) collapse”

19.63 Plot, Conspiracy

ᴺQ. !ustat- v. “to misappropriate, supplant, usurp”

19.64 Common

ᴺQ. !alasatya [þ] adj. “common, general, *communal, (lit.) not private”
Q. aquapahtië n. “privacy, *(lit.) full-closedness”
Q. ilquárëa adj. “general”
ᴺQ. !osáma adj. “common, joint, (lit.) together-having”
Q. senwa adj. “usual”
Q. senya¹ adj. “usual, *common, typical”
ᴺQ. !senyavë adv. “usually”

19.65 to Meet

ᴺQ. !armen- v. “to accompany”
ᴺQ. !minatulië n. “introduction; (lit.) into-leading”
Q. *omen- v. “to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together”
⚠️ᴺQ. !oment- v. “to meet”; see instead:
Q. *omen- “to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together”
Q., ᴹQ. omentië n. “meeting (of pathways), (lit.) coming together of journey-path, meeting or junction of the directions of two people”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ovanta- v. “to meet”; see instead:
Q. *omen- “to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together”
⚠️ᴺQ. !vel-² v. “to meet”; see instead:
Q. *omen- “to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together”
Q. yomenië n. “meeting, gathering, *congress”

19.71 Members of a Trade or Profession

ᴺQ. !astamo n. “member”

19.72 Whore, Prostitute

ᴺQ. !imbacindë n. “harlot”

19.99 Social (Other)

ᴺQ. !lantanna n. “banner, standard”

20. Warfare and Hunting

20.11 to Fight

ᴺQ. !cotwë n. “struggle, wrestling”
ᴺQ. !mandanië n. “struggle, wrestling, (lit.) hand-resistance”
ᴺQ. !nanya- v. “to struggle, oppose, resist”
ᴺQ. !nanyalë n. “resistance, opposition”

20.12 Battle

ᴺQ. !mahtalë n. “fighting, battle”
ᴺQ. !mahtéma n. “tournament, tourney, (lit.) battle-series”

20.13 War

⚠️ᴱQ. cor (cos-) n. “war”; see instead:
Q. ohta “war”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ohta n. “war”
⚠️ᴱQ. ohta·caro n. “warlike deed, hostile unfriendly act(ion)”
ᴺQ. !ohtarië n. “martial ardour”

20.14 Peace

ᴺQ. !maicahausta n. “truce, (lit.) blade-resting”
Q. rainë n. “*peace, good will”
⚠️ᴱQ. ruin n. “peace”; see instead:
Q. rainë “*peace, good will”
ᴹQ. senda adj. “resting, at peace”
ᴺQ. [Q.], ᴹQ. sérë n. “peace, [ᴹQ.] rest, repose”
ᴺQ. !sérenca adj. “uneasy, unpeaceful”
ᴺQ. !sérinqua adj. “peaceful, full of peace”
⚠️Q. sívë² n. “peace”; see instead:
Q. rainë “*peace, good will”

20.15 Army

⚠️ᴱQ. hossë¹ n. “army, band, troop”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hotsë “army, band, troop”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hotsë n. “army, band, troop”
ᴺQ. !talhotsë n. “infantry; (lit.) foot-troop”

20.17 Soldier

⚠️ᴱQ. condor n. “warrior”; see instead:
Q. ohtar “warrior”
⚠️ᴱQ. condorië n. “martial ardour”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ohtarië “martial ardour”
⚠️ᴱQ. cosar (cosard-) n. “soldier”; see instead:
ᴹQ. mahtar “warrior, [ᴱQ.] soldier”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mahtar n. “warrior, [ᴱQ.] soldier”
⚠️Q. #mehtar n. “warrior”; see instead:
Q. ohtar “warrior”
⚠️ᴱQ. mordo n. “warrior, hero”; see instead:
ᴹQ. callo “noble man, hero”
ᴹQ. mordo “[dark] stain, smear; obscurity, dimness, shadow”
⚠️ᴹQ. ohtacáro n. “warrior”; see instead:
Q. ohtar “warrior”
Q., ᴱQ. ohtar n. “warrior”
⚠️ᴹQ. ohtatyaro n. “warrior”; see instead:
Q. ohtar “warrior”
ᴺQ. !talquen n. “foot-soldier; (lit.) foot-person”
ᴺQ. !tuxantur n. “centurion”

20.20 Captain

Q., ᴹQ. cáno n. “commander, chief(tain), ruler, governor; †crier, herald”
ᴹQ. hesto n. “captain”

20.21 Arms, Weapons

ᴺQ. !falampa n. “whip”

20.22 Club

ᴺQ. !alpa n. “bat [instrument not animal], (lit.) beater”

20.23 Sling

⚠️ᴱQ. toloimë n. “sling”

20.24 Bow

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. cú n. “bow; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] crescent moon”
⚠️Q. cúma n. “[unglossed]”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cúnë n. “crescent, arch, ⚠️bow”
ᴺQ. !lanquinga n. “crossbow”
ᴺQ. !quihta n. “shot, projectile (from a bow or a crossbow)”
ᴺQ. !quihta- v. “to shoot”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. quinga n. “bow (for shooting)”

20.25 Arrow

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. pilin (pilind-) n. “arrow; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] feather”
ᴺQ. !pilintan n. “fletcher”
⚠️ᴱQ. pilna n. “arrow”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pilin “arrow; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] feather”
⚠️ᴱQ. quasil n. “arrow, arrow-feather”; see instead:
ᴹQ. pilin “arrow; ⚠️[ᴱQ.] feather”
Q. quessë “feather”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] vainolë n. “quiver”

20.26 Spear

ᴹQ. ehtë (*ehti-) n. “spear”
ᴹQ. ehtyar n. “spearman”
⚠️ᴱQ. elc n. “spear”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ehtë “spear”
⚠️ᴹQ. encë n. “spear point”; see instead:
Q. nehtë¹ “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle”
⚠️ᴱQ. esca n. “spear, spike”; see instead:
ᴹQ. ehtë “spear”
Q. hatal n. “spear, *javelin”
ᴺQ. !hyarehtë n. “halberd”
⚠️ᴹQ. nasta n. “spear-head, spear-point, gore, triangle”; see instead:
Q. nehtë¹ “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle”
Q. nernehta n. “man-spearhead”

20.27 Sword

Q. #andamacil n. “long sword”
Q. ecet n. “short stabbing sword”
⚠️ᴱQ. ectar¹ (ectard-) n. “swordsman”; see instead:
Q. macar “swordsman; †forger”
ᴹQ. ehtyar “spearman”
⚠️ᴱQ. ectë (exi-) n. “sword”; see instead:
Q. macil “sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, [ᴱQ.] broadsword”
Q. ecet “short stabbing sword”
⚠️ᴱQ. ehta² n. “sword-point”; see instead:
Q. macil “sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, [ᴱQ.] broadsword”
Q. ecet “short stabbing sword”
⚠️ᴱQ. ehtar (ehtard-) n. “swordsman, warrior; sword”; see instead:
Q. macar “swordsman; †forger”
Q. macil “sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, [ᴱQ.] broadsword”
ᴹQ. ehtyar “spearman”
⚠️ᴱQ. exiquilta n. “swordbelt”; see instead:
ᴱQ. ^macilquilta “swordbelt”
⚠️ᴱQ. falquan n. “large sword”; see instead:
Q. #andamacil “long sword”
Q., ᴹQ. #hyando n. “cleaver, [ᴹQ.] hewer (sword)”
ᴹQ. lango¹ n. “broad sword; prow of a ship”
Q. macar n. “swordsman; †forger”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. macil n. “sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, [ᴱQ.] broadsword”
⚠️ᴱQ. macillar (macillard-) n. “swordsman”; see instead:
Q. macar “swordsman; †forger”
⚠️ᴱQ. ^macilquilta n. “swordbelt”
⚠️ᴱQ. naiquë n. “?sword”
⚠️ᴹQ. russë n. “corruscation, †sword-blade”; see instead:
Q. russë “head or pelt of red hair”
⚠️ᴹQ. yelca n. “sword?”; see instead:
Q. macil “sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, [ᴱQ.] broadsword”

20.28 Gun, Cannon

ᴺQ. !narcarma n. “gun, firearm”

20.31 Armor

ᴺQ. !limivarma n. “chainmail, (lit.) link-armour”
ᴺQ. !varma n. “armour, armor”

20.32 Corslet, Breastplate

⚠️ᴱQ. ambassë n. “breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass”

20.33 Helmet

Q. ambalotsë n. “uprising-flower”
⚠️ᴱQ. calla n. “helmet”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
⚠️Q. carma¹ n. “helm”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
⚠️ᴱQ. casien (casiend-) n. “helmet”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
⚠️ᴱQ. casientulë adj. “with helm on”
⚠️ᴱQ. casquar(in) n. “helmet”
⚠️ᴹQ. cassa n. “helmet”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
Q. castol(o) n. “helmet”
⚠️ᴹQ. harna² n. “helmet”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
⚠️Q. sól [þ] n. “?helmet, ?top”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
⚠️ᴱQ. tolma n. “helm”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”
⚠️Q. †þolon n. “helmet”; see instead:
Q. castol(o) “helmet”

20.34 Shield

⚠️ᴱQ. alcar² n. “shield”; see instead:
Q. #sanda “shield”
Q. #sanda [þ] n. “shield”
Q. sandastan (sandastam-) [þ] n. “shield-barrier”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] tolmen (tolment-) n. “boss (of shield), isolated round hill”
ᴹQ. turma n. “shield”
⚠️ᴹQ. umbas [þ] n. “shield”; see instead:
Q. #sanda “shield”

20.35 Fortress

ᴹQ. arta n. “fort, fortress”
Q. carassë n. “built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks”
⚠️ᴱQ. malcor n. “castle”; see instead:
Q. taras “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] mount, hill”
Q. minassë n. “fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)”
Q. turco² n. “*stronghold”

20.36 Tower

⚠️ᴱQ. hosta¹ n. “walled tower”; see instead:
Q. osto “fortress, stronghold, strong place; [ᴹQ.] city, town with wall round”
Q. marto n. “tower”
Q. mindë n. “turret”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. mindon n. “(lofty or isolated) tower; [ᴱQ.] turret”
Q. taras n. “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] mount, hill”
Q. tarminas n. “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower”
⚠️ᴱQ. tirin (tirind-) n. “tall tower, turret, minaret”; see instead:
Q. tirion “watch-tower, tower, [ᴱQ.] (great or mighty) tower; ⚠️city on a hill”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tirion n. “watch-tower, tower, [ᴱQ.] (great or mighty) tower; ⚠️city on a hill”
ᴺQ. !varasta- v. “to tower up, loom”

20.41 Victory

⚠️ᴱQ. apaica adj. “conquering”
⚠️ᴱQ. apairë n. “victory, conquest, reduction”; see instead:
ᴹQ. túrë “mastery, victory”
⚠️ᴱQ. apaitya- v. “to conquer”; see instead:
Q. tur- “to master, conquer, dominate, win; [ᴹQ.] to control, govern, *rule; ⚠️to wield; [ᴱQ.] can, to be able”
ᴺQ. !nacil n. “victor”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nangwë n. “victory”; see instead:
Q. #túrë “[ᴹQ.] mastery, victory; [ᴱQ.] might, strength, power”
Q. #-ndacil suf. “-victor, -slayer”
ᴺQ. !ortur- v. “to overpower, conquer, prevail”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tur- v. “to master, conquer, dominate, win; [ᴹQ.] to control, govern, *rule; ⚠️to wield; [ᴱQ.] can, to be able”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #túrë n. “[ᴹQ.] mastery, victory; [ᴱQ.] might, strength, power”
Q. turu- v. “to defeat, have victory over, master”
⚠️ᴱQ. vaqua- v. “vanquish”
⚠️ᴱQ. vaquasta n. “a victory”
⚠️ᴱQ. vaqui(ë) n. “victory”

20.42 Defeat

ᴺQ. !nucupta- v. “to humble (someone), force to bow, vanquish”
ᴺQ. !var- v. “to yield, give way, surrender”

20.43 Attack

ᴺQ. !nalanta- v. “to attack, (lit.) fall upon”
ᴺQ. !ostampë n. “siege”
ᴺQ. !ostap- v. “to besiege, (lit.) around-block”

20.44 Defense

ᴺQ. !varyalë n. “defense”

20.45 Retreat

ᴹQ. #nan-² v. “to go back, [ᴺQ.] *retreat, give way, revert, ebb, (lit.) move backwards”

20.48 Spoils, Booty

⚠️ᴱQ. rambë² n. “prey, booty”; see instead:
ᴹQ. farna “quarry, prey”
ᴺQ. !rantië² n. “tribute”
⚠️ᴱQ. rauna n. “prey, booty”; see instead:
ᴹQ. farna “quarry, prey”

21. Law and Judgment

21.11 Special Law

Q. axan n. “commandment, [divine] law or rule”
Q. namna n. “statute, *law”

21.12 General Law

ᴺQ. !namnasta n. “regulations”
ᴹQ. sanya [þ] adj. “regular, law-abiding, normal”
ᴹQ. sanyë [þ] n. “rule, law”
ᴺQ. !sanyesta [þ-] n. “law [as a scholarly discipline]”
ᴹQ. vorosanya [þ] adj. “*ever-law-abiding”

21.13 Lawsuit

ᴺQ. !rama n. “legal case, cause, (lit.) a matter on someone’s behalf”

21.14 Lawyer

ᴺQ. !sanyengolmo [þ] n. “lawyer”

21.15 Court

ᴺQ. !nammar (nammard-) n. “court, courthouse, (lit.) judgment-house”
ᴺQ. !námocombë n. “tribunal”

21.16 to Judge

⚠️Q. #ham- v. “to judge”; see instead:
Q. nam- “to judge, *think (have as an opinion)”
Q. nam- v. “to judge, *think (have as an opinion)”
Q. náma n. “judgment or desire”
⚠️Q. nav-¹ v. “to judge, think [have as an opinion]”; see instead:
Q. nam- “to judge, *think (have as an opinion)”
⚠️Q. nem-¹ v. “to judge”; see instead:
Q. nam- “to judge, *think (have as an opinion)”

21.162 to Decide

ᴺQ. !cil- v. “to choose, select”
Q. cilmë n. “choice, choosing, *selection”
ᴺQ. !martandë n. “decision”
ᴺQ. !santa- [þ] v. “to decide”
ᴺQ. !santië [þ] n. “decision”

21.17 Judgment

Q. námië n. “single judgment or desire”

21.18 Judge

Q. enelmo n. “go-between, intervener, intermediary, mediator”
⚠️ᴹQ. mandos n. “doomsman, judge”
Q. námo² n. “judge”
ᴺQ. !námondur n. “court-attendant, (lit.) judge-servants”

21.23 Witness

Q. astarindo n. “bystander; supporter”
Q. astarmo n. “bystander; witness”
⚠️ᴺQ. !cetta- v. “to witness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vetta- “to witness”
ᴺQ. !vetta- v. “to witness”
ᴺQ. !vettë n. “(act of) witnessing”
ᴺQ. !vettëa adj. “witnessing”
ᴺQ. !vetto n. “witness”

21.24 to Swear

ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] ^vesta- [w] v. “to swear (to do something), contract, make a compact”

21.25 Oath

Q. vanda n. “oath, pledge, solemn promise”
ᴹQ. vérë n. “bond, troth, compact, oath”
⚠️ᴹQ. vestalë² n. “oath”

21.31 to Accuse

ᴺQ. !ulquet- v. “to accuse”
ᴺQ. !ulquetië n. “accusation”
ᴺQ. !ulquéto n. “accuser”

21.32 to Condemn

⚠️ᴺQ. !hrundav- v. “to condemn”; see instead:
*√NAM “judge”
⚠️ᴺQ. !undav- v. “to condemn, damn, convict”; see instead:
*√NAM “judge”

21.35 Guilty

ᴺQ. !námima adj. “culpable, (lit.) judgeable”

21.36 Innocent

ᴺQ. !cámalóra adj. “innocent”
⚠️ᴱQ. naustaviltë v. “free from suspicion, *innocent”; see instead:
Q. atta “two”

21.37 Penalty, Punishment

⚠️ᴺQ. !atacar- v. “to revenge, (lit.) back-make”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !paireta- “to avenge, take vengance”
⚠️ᴺQ. !atacarmë n. “vengeance, reaction”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ahtarië “reaction; ⚠️vengeance”
ᴺQ. !pairë “vengeance, revenge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] paimë n. “vengeance taken, punishment, penalty, infliction”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] paimesta n. “chastisement”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] paimeta- v. “to exact or inflict a penalty, punish”
ᴺQ. !pairë n. “vengeance, revenge”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pairemo n. “avenger”
ᴺQ. !paireta- v. “to avenge, take vengance”

21.38 Fine, Settlement

ᴺQ. !cámayanca n. “guilt-offering”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nanwenda n. “ransom”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nanwera “ransom”
ᴺQ. !nanwera n. “ransom”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nanwerë n. “ransom”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !nanwera “ransom”

21.39 Jail, Prison

Q. avalerya- v. “to restrain, to deprive of liberty”
ᴺQ. !manda- v. “to imprison”
⚠️ᴹQ. #manda n. “prison, *duress”; see instead:
Q. mando “custody, safe keeping; prison, duress”
ᴺQ. !mandano n. “prisoner, (lit.) imprisoned-one”
Q. mando n. “custody, safe keeping; prison, duress”
ᴺQ. !mandontur n. “jailer”
Q. nahta-² v. “to confine, oppress”
Q. nasquë n. “bondage, durance”

21.395 Exile, Outlaw

⚠️ᴺQ. !etelenda adj. “exiled”; see instead:
Q. #etya “exiled”
⚠️ᴺQ. !etelerro n. “exile”; see instead:
Q. #etya “exiled”
Q., ᴹQ. #etya adj. “exiled”
ᴹQ. farino n. “hunted man, outlaw, fugitive”
Q. hecil n. “one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast, outlaw”
Q. hecilë n. “one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast, outlaw (f.)”
Q. hecilo n. “one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast, outlaw (m.)”
Q. nehtano n. “one deprived, exile whose rights and goods have been confiscated”

21.41 Crime, Misdeed

Q. ongwë n. “crime”
ᴺQ. !ongwemo n. “criminal, transgressor”
ᴺQ. !sányelóra [þ] adj. “lawless”
ᴺQ. !sanyelórië [þ] n. “lawlessness”

21.43 Adultery

⚠️ᴺQ. !úpuhtië n. “adultery”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vestaracië “adultery, (lit.) marriage-breaking”
ᴺQ. !vestaracië n. “adultery, (lit.) marriage-breaking”

21.44 Rape, Violation

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] amapta- v. “to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly”
⚠️ᴱQ. mapta n. “ravishment, seizure, (usually =) rape”; see instead:
ᴺQ. maptalë “seizure; robbery by violence; rape, ravishment, forcible seizure and carrying off”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] maptalë n. “seizure; robbery by violence; rape, ravishment, forcible seizure and carrying off”
⚠️ᴱQ. maptalessë n. “rapine”

21.45 Theft

⚠️ᴱQ. maptale-lehesta n. “(robbing) raid”
⚠️ᴱQ. nac (naqu-) n. “anything stolen, a theft, a trick”; see instead:
ᴺQ. pilwë “robbery, theft”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] pilwë n. “robbery, theft”

22. Religion and Beliefs

22.11 Religion

⚠️ᴺQ. !ainocimië n. “reverence, piety, godliness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aitalë “reverence, worship, religion”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ainocimya adj. “reverent, pious”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aitalëa “reverent, worshipful, religious”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^aitalë n. “reverence, worship, religion”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^aitalëa adj. “reverent, worshipful, religious”

22.12 God

ᴺQ. !aino n. “god”
ᴺQ. !ainolóra adj. “godless”
ᴺQ. !ainolórië n. “godlessness”
⚠️ᴱQ. Enu n. “God Almighty, Almighty Creator”; see instead:
Q. Eru “The One, God”
Q., ᴹQ. Eru n. “The One, God”
Q. Eruva adj. “divine”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Vala n. “(Angelic) Power, Authority, ⚠️God”
Q. vala- v. “to have [divine] power”
ᴹQ. valaina adj. “of or belonging to the Valar, divine”
ᴹQ. valassë n. “divinity”
ᴺQ. !válë n. “divine power/authority”
Q. Valië n. “Female Vala”
⚠️ᴱQ. Valis n. “female god”; see instead:
Q. Valië “Female Vala”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] valma adj. “[divinely or righteously] powerful”
⚠️ᴱQ. Valon n. “male god”; see instead:
Q. Vala “(Angelic) Power, Authority, ⚠️God”
ᴹQ. valya adj. “having (divine) authority or power, *authorized, official”

22.13 Temple

⚠️ᴱQ. ainar (ainast-) n. “temple [body part]”
Q. ainas (*ainass-) n. “hallow, fane, *shrine, holy place, sanctuary”
⚠️ᴱQ. alcar(in) n. “temple, shrine”; see instead:
ᴺQ. corda “temple”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] corda n. “temple”
⚠️ᴹQ. yána n. “holy place, fane, sanctuary”; see instead:
Q. ainas “hallow, fane, *shrine, holy place, sanctuary”
Q. yána “wide, vast, huge”
ᴺQ. !yomencöa n. “synagogue, (lit.) meeting-house”

22.14 Altar

ᴺQ. !yangwa n. “altar”

22.15 Sacrifice, Offering

ᴺQ. !céta- v. “to offer, propose, suggest; (lit.) to make an opportunity”
ᴺQ. !epta- v. “to offer, place at somebody’s disposal, (lit.) to [make be in] front”
ᴺQ. !yac- v. “to offer, sacrifice”
ᴺQ. !yacië n. “offering, [act of] sacrificing”
ᴺQ. !yácina adj. “sacrificed”
ᴺQ. !yanca n. “sacrifice”

22.16 to Worship

⚠️ᴱQ. aistalë n. “worship”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aitalë “reverence, worship, religion”
⚠️ᴱQ. aistalëa adj. “worshipful”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aitalëa “reverent, worshipful, religious”
ᴺQ. !aita-¹ v. “to revere, worship”
ᴺQ. !aitamo n. “worshiper”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tyer- v. “to worship”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !aita-¹ “to revere, worship”
⚠️ᴺQ. !tyerindo n. “worshiper”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !aitamo “worshiper”

22.17 to Pray

Q. arca- v. “*to petition, ⚠️pray”
Q. #arcandë n. “*petition”
⚠️Q. #cyermë n. “prayer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hyamië “prayer”
Q. #hyam- v. “*to pray”
ᴺQ. !hyamië n. “prayer”
⚠️ᴺQ. [Q.] ^hyermë n. “prayer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hyamië “prayer”
⚠️Q. násan interj. “*amen, (lit.) may it be so”; see instead:
Q. násië “*amen, (lit.) may it be so”
Q. násië interj. “*amen, (lit.) may it be so”

22.18 Priest

ᴺQ. !airimo n. “priest”
ᴺQ. !airimossë n. “priesthood”
ᴺQ. !cordamo n. “cleric”

22.182 Parson, Minister, Clergyman etc.

ᴺQ. !Erutercáno n. “prophet, (lit.) God-herald”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^evandil n. “[Christian] missionary”
⚠️ᴱQ. evandl n. “Christian missionary”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^evandil “[Christian] missionary”
ᴺQ. !núromolië n. “ministry, (lit.) servant-labour”
ᴺQ. !nyardar n. “preacher”

22.183 Monk

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] aimo n. “saint”
⚠️ᴱQ. anusta n. “monastery”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hanusta “monastery”
⚠️ᴱQ. anustar n. “monk”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^hanustar “monk”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hanusta n. “monastery”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^hanustar n. “monk”

22.184 Nun

⚠️ᴱQ. airë¹ n. “saint (f.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. aimo “saint”
⚠️ᴱQ. quindelis n. “nun”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vendelis “nun”
⚠️ᴱQ. quindesta n. “convent”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vendesta “convent”
⚠️ᴱQ. quindestin n. “nun”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !vendelis “nun”
ᴺQ. !vendelis (vendeliss-) n. “nun”
ᴺQ. !vendesta n. “convent”

22.19 Holy, Sacred

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. aina adj. “holy, revered, numinous, *divine, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] worshipful”
Q. ainima adj. “blessed, holy (of things)”
Q., ᴱQ. aira adj. “holy, sanctified, [ᴱQ.] worshipful”
ᴺQ. !airalindë n. “hymn, (lit.) holy song”
Q. airë¹ (airi-) adj. and n. “holy; sanctity, holiness”
Q. airëa adj. “holy (applied to persons)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !airelinna n. “hymn, (lit.) holy song”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !airalindë “hymn, (lit.) holy song”
ᴺQ. !airilírë n. “hymn”
Q. #airita- v. “to hallow”
⚠️Q. aista adj. “*holy”; see instead:
Q. aira “holy, sanctified, [ᴱQ.] worshipful”
ᴺQ. !alairë adj. “unholy”
Q. varanda adj. “sublime”

22.22 to Preach

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] evandilyon n. “gospel”
ᴺQ. !nyarda- v. “to preach”
ᴺQ. !quernamo n. “proselyte, convert”
⚠️ᴺQ. !raitando n. “gospel”; see instead:
ᴺQ. evandilyon “gospel”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] velupantië n. “revelation”

22.23 to Bless

Q. aina- v. “to hallow, bless, treat as holy”
⚠️Q. aistana adj. “*blessed”; see instead:
Q. amanya “*blessed”
Q. amanya adj. “*blessed”
⚠️Q. amatúlië n. “blessed arrival”
⚠️Q. amatulya adj. “welcome (of something blessed)”
Q. calambar adj. “*light-fated”
⚠️ᴱQ. lis (list-) n. “grace, blessing”; see instead:
Q. lissë² “grace”
Q. lissë² n. “grace”
⚠️ᴱQ. listëa adj. “full of grace, blessed”; see instead:
Q. manaitë “*blessed, having grace”
⚠️ᴱQ. listevoitë adj. “full of grace, blessed”; see instead:
Q. manaitë “*blessed, having grace”
⚠️ᴱQ. listya- v. “to bless”; see instead:
Q. manya- “to bless”
Q., ᴹQ. mána n. “blessing, good thing; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] blessed”
ᴺQ. !mánacestië n. “intercession, (lit.) boon-seeking”
Q. manaitë adj. “*blessed, having grace”
⚠️Q. manaquenta adj. “*blessed”; see instead:
Q. amanya “*blessed”
⚠️Q. manna adj. “*blessed”; see instead:
Q. amanya “*blessed”
Q. #manta- v. “to bless”
Q. manya- v. “to bless”
⚠️ᴱQ. salistina adj. “blessed”; see instead:
Q. amanya “*blessed”
⚠️ᴱQ. salistya- v. “to bless”; see instead:
Q. manya- “to bless”

22.24 to Curse

Q. húna adj. “cursed, accursed”
Q. húta- v. “to curse”
Q. naiquet- v. “to curse or blaspheme”
ᴺQ. !naiquéto n. “blasphemer”
ᴺQ. !öatarië n. “apostasy, (lit.) away-standing”
⚠️ᴺQ. !rac- v. “to curse”; see instead:
Q. húta- “to curse”
Q. rac- “to break”
⚠️ᴺQ. !racco n. “curse”; see instead:
Q. húta- “to curse”

22.25 to Baptize

ᴺQ. !oscir- v. “to circumcise, (lit.) around-cut”
⚠️ᴺQ. !sumbando n. “baptizer”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !tumyando “baptizer”
ᴺQ. !tumya- v. “to dip, baptize”
ᴺQ. !tumyando n. “baptizer”

22.26 to Fast

ᴺQ. !avamat- v. “to fast, (lit.) refuse to eat”
Q. lamatë n. “fasting, a fast”

22.31 Heaven

ᴹQ. ilduma n. “heaven”
⚠️ᴱQ. iluin(do) (iluind-) n. “dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilumar (ilumas-) n. “dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed”
⚠️ᴱQ. †valmandui n. “heaven and hell”

22.32 Hell

⚠️ᴱQ. mandu n. “hell; abyss”; see instead:
Q. mando “custody, safe keeping; prison, duress”

22.33 Angel

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Aini n. “holy one, angelic spirit (f.); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] (pagan) goddess”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Ainu n. “holy one, angelic spirit (m.); ⚠️[ᴱQ.] (pagan) god”
⚠️ᴱQ. calmar (calmarn-) n. “child of light”
Q., ᴹQ. Maia n. “(angelic) spirit, the Beautiful”

22.34 Devil

ᴺQ. !Anahristo n. “Antichrist”

22.35 Demon, Evil Spirit

⚠️ᴱQ. (a)raucë n. “demon, fiend”; see instead:
Q. rauco “demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature”
ᴺQ. !raucëa adj. “demonic”
Q., ᴹQ. rauco n. “demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úmaia n. “demon, devil”; see instead:
Q. rauco “demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature”

22.37 Idol

Q. aian n. “holy thing or object or place”
ᴺQ. !airemma n. “icon, (lit.) holy image”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] cordon n. “idol”

22.42 Magic, Witchcraft, Sorcery

⚠️ᴱQ. felu n. “bad magic”; see instead:
Q. núlë “black arts, sorcery”
ᴹQ. lúcë n. “enchantment”
ᴺQ. !lúcëarwa adj. “enchanting, attractive”
ᴹQ. luhta- v. “to enchant”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] luhtu n. “magic, spell”
ᴹQ. nolfinë [ñ-] n. “magical skill”
Q. núla¹ [ñ-] adj. “dark, occult, mysterious”
Q. núlë [ñ-] n. “black arts, sorcery”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] sairina adj. “magic, *magical”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽sairu adj. “magical”; see instead:
ᴺQ. sairina “magic, *magical”
Q. saila “wise”

22.43 Witch, Sorceress

ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] curuni n. “witch, *sorceress, female magician (not necessarily evil)”
⚠️ᴱQ. felusi n. “witch”; see instead:
ᴺQ. curuni “witch, *sorceress, female magician (not necessarily evil)”
ᴺQ. !núlemo “(evil) sorceror, black magician”

22.431 Sorcerer, Wizard

⚠️ᴱQ. curuvar (curuvard-) n. “wizard”; see instead:
ᴹQ. sairon “wizard”
ᴺQ. !núlemo [ñ-] n. “(evil) sorceror, black magician”
ᴹQ. sairon n. “wizard”

22.44 Elf, Fairy

Q. aleldarin adj. “unelvish”
⚠️Q. aleldarinwa adj. “unElvish”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Elda n. “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Eldalië n. “People of the Eldar, Elven-folk, [ᴹQ.] Elf-folk”
⚠️ᴱQ. inwilitsë n. “little fairy”
⚠️ᴱQ. Noldorinwa adj. “Goblin; Gnomish”
⚠️ᴱQ. noldova adj. “belonging to gnomes”
⚠️ᴱQ. noldovicë adj. “like a gnome, after the gnomes’ way”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Qen (Qend-) n. “Elf”; see instead:
Q. Quendë “Elf, (lit.) One That Speaks”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. Quendë n. “Elf, (lit.) One That Speaks”
Q., ᴹQ. Quenderin adj. and n. “Quendian, of the Quendi, belonging to the Elves as a whole”
Q. Sindel (Sindeld-) [þ] n. “Grey-elf”
⚠️ᴱQ. telella adj. “elfin”
⚠️ᴱQ. telerëa adj. “elfin”
⚠️ᴱQ. telestë (telesti-) n. “(f.) little elf”
⚠️ᴱQ. telesto (telestu-) n. “(m.) little elf”

22.441 Dryad, Nymph

ᴹQ., ᴱQ. falmar(in) (falmarind-) n. “sea-spirit, nymph, [ᴱQ.] sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam”
⚠️ᴱQ. nandin n. “dryad”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tavaril “dryad, spirit of woods (f.)”
ᴹQ. tavaron “dryad, spirit of woods (m.)”
⚠️ᴱQ. nermi n. “field spirit, fay of the meads”
ᴹQ. nindari n. “river-maid, nymph”
⚠️ᴱQ. öar (öarn-) n. “child of the sea, merchild”; see instead:
Q. #vingil “[ᴹQ.] nymph, mermaid, foam-maid”
⚠️ᴱQ. öaris (öarits-) n. “mermaid, merchild”; see instead:
Q. #vingil “[ᴹQ.] nymph, mermaid, foam-maid”
⚠️ᴱQ. öarwen n. “mermaid, merchild”; see instead:
Q. #vingil “[ᴹQ.] nymph, mermaid, foam-maid”
⚠️ᴱQ. #oroman n. “wood-spirit”
⚠️ᴱQ. ówen n. “merchild, mermaid”; see instead:
Q. #vingil “[ᴹQ.] nymph, mermaid, foam-maid”
⚠️ᴱQ. tavar (tavarn-) n. “dale-sprite, fay of the woods; forest”; see instead:
ᴹQ. tavaril “dryad, spirit of woods (f.)”
ᴹQ. tavaron “dryad, spirit of woods (m.)”
ᴹQ. tavaril n. “dryad, spirit of woods (f.)”
ᴹQ. tavaron n. “dryad, spirit of woods (m.)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #vingil (vingild-) [w] n. “[ᴹQ.] nymph, mermaid, foam-maid”

22.442 Dwarf

Q. Casar n. “Dwarf”
⚠️ᴱQ. nauca n. “dwarf”; see instead:
Q. nauco “dwarf”
Q., ᴹQ. nauco n. “dwarf”
Q. Norno n. “Dwarf”
Q. nuxo n. “Petty dwarf”

22.445 Goblin, Monster

⚠️ᴱQ. fandelu n. “monster”; see instead:
Q. úvanimo “monster, corrupt or evil creature”
⚠️ᴱQ. fandelúva adj. “monstrous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ulunda “monstrous”
⚠️ᴱQ. fandelúvië n. “monstrosity, immoderation, violence, barbarity, grossness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ulundië “monstrosity”
ᴹQ. ormë “haste, violence, wrath, rushing”
⚠️ᴱQ. fandor (fandos-) n. “monster”; see instead:
Q. úvanimo “monster, corrupt or evil creature”
⚠️ᴹQ. hanaco n. “giant”; see instead:
ᴹQ. norsa “giant”
⚠️ᴱQ. nauva n. “giant”; see instead:
ᴹQ. norsa “giant”
ᴹQ. norsa [þ] n. “giant”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulban (ulband-) n. “monster, giant”; see instead:
Q. úvanimo “monster, corrupt or evil creature”
⚠️ᴱQ. ulbanima adj. “monstrous”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !ulunda “monstrous”
ᴺQ. !ulunda adj. “monstrous”
ᴺQ. !ulundië n. “monstrosity”
ᴹQ. ulundo n. “monster, deformed and hideous creature”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. úvanimo n. “monster, corrupt or evil creature”

22.446 Orc, Goblin

⚠️ᴱQ. orc n. “ogre, monster, demon, giant”
Q. orco n. “Orc”
ᴹQ. orco (orcu-) n. “goblin”
⚠️ᴱQ. orquin(di) n. “ogress”
ᴺQ. !Torco n. “Troll”
Q. urco (urcu-) n. “bogey, orc”

22.447 Dragon

ᴹQ. angulócë n. “dragon”
⚠️ᴱQ. condassë n. “dragon’s lair”
⚠️ᴱQ. condo n. “dragon”; see instead:
Q. urulócë “fire-serpent, fire-drake, [ᴹQ.] fire-dragon”
⚠️ᴹQ. fëalócë n. “spark-dragon”; see instead:
Q. föalócë “*breath-dragon”
⚠️ᴱQ. fent n. “serpent, dragon”; see instead:
Q. hlócë “reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon”
⚠️ᴱQ. fenumë n. “dragon”; see instead:
Q. urulócë “fire-serpent, fire-drake, [ᴹQ.] fire-dragon”
Q., ᴱQ. föalócë n. “*breath-dragon”
⚠️ᴹQ. lungu n. “dragon”; see instead:
Q. hlócë “reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon”
ᴹQ. rámalócë n. “winged dragon”
Q., ᴹQ. urulócë n. “fire-serpent, fire-drake, [ᴹQ.] fire-dragon”

22.45 Ghost, Specter, Phantom

Q. ausa [þ] n. “dim shape, spectral or vague apparition”
⚠️Q. ëala n. “spirit (not incarnate), being”; see instead:
Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance”
Q., ᴹQ. fairë n. “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance”
Q. nimulë n. “phantom, a seeming”
⚠️ᴱQ. #químar n. “phantom”; see instead:
Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance”

22.46 Guardian Spirit

⚠️ᴱQ. mánë n. “spirit of the air”

22.47 Omen

Q. #apacen n. “foresight, *(lit.) after-sight”
ᴺQ. !apacendo n. “seer, prophet”
Q. #apacenya adj. “of foresight”
ᴺQ. !apaquet- v. “to forebode, foretell, predict”
⚠️ᴱQ. fando n. “portent, omen”; see instead:
Q. órë “heart (inner mind), *conscience; warning, caution, (pre)monition”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nólaimë n. “foreshadowing”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !apaquet- “to forebode, foretell, predict”
Q. umbë n. “imminence, threat; premonition, fear, unwelcome expectation”

22.99 Religion and Belief (other)

⚠️ᴱQ. aimactu n. “martyr (m.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aimahto “martyr, (lit.) blessed slain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^aimahto n. “martyr, (lit.) blessed slain”
⚠️ᴱQ. aimaxin (aimaxi-) n. “martyr (f.)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aimahto “martyr, (lit.) blessed slain”
ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] (ana)tarwesta n. “crucifix(ion)”
ᴺQ. !Hristondur n. “Christian, (lit.) Servant of Christ”
⚠️ᴺQ. !nwalmastarmo [ñ-] n. “martyr, (lit.) torment-witness”; see instead:
ᴺQ. ^aimahto “martyr, (lit.) blessed slain”

23. Grammar

23.1 Article

⚠️Q. a² article. “accusative definite article”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. i¹ article. “the”
⚠️ᴱQ. -(u)ma suf. “a, an; some, certain”
⚠️ᴱQ. -wë suf. “a, an”

23.2 Negation

Q. ála particle. “do not”
Q., ᴹQ. al(a)-¹ pref. “in-, un-, not; †-less, without”
⚠️ᴺQ. !alaquen pron. “nobody, no one”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alquen “nobody, no one”
ᴺQ. !aldomë pron. “nowhere”
ᴺQ. !alquen pron. “nobody, no one”
ᴹQ. ava- pref. “without”
Q. áva particle. “don’t, negative imperative”
Q. -enca suf. “without, -less”
Q. fó interj. “nay, no”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. il- pref. “no, not”; see instead:
Q. #il- “every, *all”
Q. al(a)-¹ “in-, un-, not; †-less, without”
ᴺQ. !ildomë pron. “everywhere”
Q. la- pref. “not, in-, un-”
Q., ᴹQ. lá- v. “to not be”
Q., ᴹQ. lá¹ adv. “no, not”
ᴺQ. !lana adj. and pron. “no, not any, not (a); none”
Q. las adv. “it is/was not so”
⚠️Q. lasir conj. “rather the reverse”; see instead:
Q. úsië “on the contrary”
ᴹQ. lau(më) adv. “no, no indeed not, on the contrary”
ᴹQ. -lóra suf. “without, less”
⚠️ᴱQ. múna prep. “?without”; see instead:
Q. ú¹ “without, destitute of”
Q. nec- pref. “without”
⚠️Q. pen prep. “without, not having”; see instead:
Q. ú¹ “without, destitute of”
Q. pen- v. “not to have, *to lack”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ú- pref. “no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’”
Q. ú¹ prep. and adv. “without, destitute of”
Q. ú² particle. “not”
⚠️Q. ua- v. “to not be, to not do”; see instead:
Q. ui- “to not be, to not do”
Q. ui interj. “no, it is n[ot]”
Q. ui- v. “to not be, to not do”
Q. uito interj. “it is not that”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ui(y)a adj. and pron. “no, not any, not (a); none”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !lana “no, not any, not (a); none”
⚠️ᴱQ. ul- pref. “negative prefix; mis-”; see instead:
Q. la- “not, in-, un-”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. um- v. “to not be, to not do”; see instead:
Q. ui- “to not be, to not do”
Q. úna¹ adj. “deprived of, destitute, forlorn”
Q. úna² ? “*it is not”
Q. únat n. “thing impossible to be or to be done”
ᴺQ. !únomë pron. “nowhere”
⚠️ᴺQ. !úquen pron. “nobody, no one”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !alquen “nobody, no one”
Q. úsië conj. “on the contrary”
⚠️Q. úsir conj. “on the contrary”; see instead:
Q. úsië “on the contrary”
⚠️ᴱQ. úya- v. “is not”; see instead:
Q. ui- “to not be, to not do”
Q. vá interj. and adv. “will not, do not, shall not”
⚠️ᴱQ. -viltë (-vilti-) suf. “-less”; see instead:
Q. -enca “without, -less”

23.3 Preposition

⚠️ᴹQ. a² prep. “[unglossed]”
Q. atar² prep. “*for”
ᴹQ. enga prep. “save, *except”
⚠️ᴱQ. enquë¹ prep. “without”; see instead:
Q. ú¹ “without, destitute of”
Q. enquë “six”
Q. ier prep. “*as”
⚠️ᴱQ. me² prep. “?with, in(to), on”
Q. meter prep. “*for (the purpose of), towards the end”
⚠️ᴱQ. na prep. “for”; see instead:
Q. an “for, but, then, or; moreover, furthermore”
Q., ᴹQ. pá prep. “touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, [ᴹQ.] about”
Q. rá² prep. “*for, on behalf of”
⚠️ᴱQ. se prep. “as, like, in manner of”; see instead:
Q. ve¹ “as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] with”
Q. se² prep. “at, in”
Q. sívë¹ prep. “*as”
Q. tambë prep. “*as, so”
ᴹQ. ten conj. “for”
Q., ᴹQ. tenna¹ prep. “until, up to, as far as, to the point, to reach”
Q. tier prep. “*so”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ve¹ prep. “as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; ⚠️[ᴹQ.] with”
⚠️ᴹQ. ye prep. “at”; see instead:
Q. se² “at, in”

23.4 Pronoun

⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. a¹ pron. “it, one, indefinite subject”; see instead:
Q. mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”
Q. ma¹ “something, a thing; ⚠️anything”
ᴺQ. !aima pron. “anything, whatever”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ainima pron. “any kind of”; see instead:
Q. ainima “blessed, holy (of things)”
⚠️ᴺQ. !aiqua pron. “anything, whatever”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !aima “anything, whatever”
Q. aiquen pron. “if anybody, whoever, [ᴺQ.] anybody”
ᴺQ. !aitë adj. “of some sort, of any sort”
⚠️ᴱQ. atta² pron. “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun”
Q. †-cca suf. “your (dual)”
Q. †-ccë suf. “you (dual)”
ᴹQ. ce pron. “you (sg)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ce¹ pron. “you; 2nd sg. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. céto pron. “you (emphatic); 2nd sg. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. cetya adj. “*your; 2nd sg. possessive emphatic”
⚠️ᴱQ. cu pron. “dual 1(b)”
⚠️Q. e pron. “one, (neuter) it; [ᴹQ.] he, she”; see instead:
Q. mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”
Q. ma¹ “something, a thing; ⚠️anything”
ᴹQ. e pron. “he, she, it”
ᴺQ. !eldë pron. “you (plural emphatic)”
ᴹQ. ella pron. “of you, for you”
ᴹQ. ellë pron. “2nd pl emphatic”
⚠️Q. ?elmë pron. “we (emphatic inclusive), *we (emphatic exclusive)”
Q. elvë pron. “we (emphatic inclusive)”
Q. elyë pron. “thou (emphatic polite)”
Q. emmë¹ pron. “we (emphatic exclusive), *we (dual emphatic exclusive)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ena pron. “that by you”; see instead:
Q. ta¹ “that, there, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] it”
⚠️ᴱQ. encë pron. “that by you (emphatic)”; see instead:
Q. ta¹ “that, there, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] it”
⚠️ᴱQ. enqui pron. “this (emphatic)”; see instead:
Q. si¹ “this”
Q. †eo pron. “person, somebody (unnamed)”
Q. esto pron. “they (dual emphatic)”
ᴹQ. etta pron. “his”
ᴺQ. !ettë pron. “they (two)”
⚠️ᴹQ. ettë² pron. “he (emphatic)”; see instead:
Q. issë “he, *she, it (emphatic)”
ᴺQ. !ettë “they (two)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ha pron. “it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun”
ᴹQ. ha pron. “it, subjective abstract particle”
⚠️ᴱQ. ha- pref. “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive”
⚠️ᴱQ. (h)áva adj. “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive emphatic”
ᴹQ. he pron. “they”
⚠️ᴱQ. hëa pron. “it (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. hi pron. “she; 3rd sg. fem. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. hië pron. “she (emphatic); 3rd sg. fem. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. (h)íva adj. “*her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive emphatic”
⚠️ᴱQ. hu pron. “he; 3rd sg. masc. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. (h)úva adj. “*his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive emphatic”
⚠️ᴱQ. húyo pron. “he (emphatic); 3rd sg. masc. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. hwa- pref. “his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive”
⚠️ᴱQ. hya-¹ pref. “*her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. i² pron. “who, what, which, that”
⚠️ᴱQ. icë (ici-) adj. “this”; see instead:
Q. si¹ “this”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilca adj. “reflexive 3rd sg. pl. adj.”
⚠️Q. ilcë pron. “you (plural emphatic)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !eldë “you (plural emphatic)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ilco pron. “reflexive 3rd sg. pl.”
Q. -ilco suf. “you (dual)”
Q. imlë pron. “yourself (polite)”
Q. immë¹ pron. “ourselves (exclusive)”
⚠️Q. immë² pron. “ourselves (dual, emphatic)”
Q. immo pron. “same one (person), self”
Q. imni pron. “myself”
Q. indë pron. “yourselves”
Q. inquë pron. “thou-and-I (emphatic)”
Q. insa pron. “itself”
Q. insë pron. “himself, herself”
Q. intë¹ pron. “themselves”
Q. intë² pron. “they (emphatic)”
ᴹQ. intin pron. “they”
ᴺQ. !intu pron. “themselves (dual)”
Q. intyë pron. “yourself (familiar)”
Q. inwë pron. “ourselves (inclusive)”
Q. inyë pron. “I (emphatic)”
ᴹQ. inyë pron. “I (emphatic)”
Q. issë pron. “he, *she, it (emphatic)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ixa adj. “reflexive 3rd sg. adj.”
⚠️ᴱQ. ixo pron. “reflexive 3rd sg.”
Q. -lda¹ suf. “your (plural)”
⚠️Q. -lda² suf. “your (dual)”; see instead:
Q. -sta³ “your (dual)”
Q. -ldë¹ suf. “you (plural)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. le pron. “you (plural)”
⚠️ᴱQ. lëa- pref. “*your; 2nd pl. possessive”
⚠️ᴱQ. lelco pron. “you (emphatic); 2nd pl. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. lelya adj. “*your; 2nd pl. possessive emphatic”
ᴺQ. !lenya pron. “yours (plural)”
Q. -lla¹ suf. “your (plural polite)”
Q. -llë² suf. “you (plural)”
Q. -lma¹ suf. “our (exclusive)”
⚠️Q. -lma² suf. “our (inclusive)”; see instead:
Q. -lva “our (inclusive)”
Q. -lma³ suf. “our (inclusive dual)”
Q. -lmë¹ suf. “we (exclusive)”
⚠️Q. -lmë² suf. “we (inclusive)”; see instead:
Q. -lvë “we (inclusive)”
Q. -lta suf. “theirs”
Q. -ltë suf. “they”
⚠️ᴱQ. lu pron. “dual 2”
Q. -lva suf. “our (inclusive)”
Q. -lvë suf. “we (inclusive)”
Q. -lya¹ suf. “your (polite)”
Q. -l(yë) suf. “you (polite)”
Q. lye pron. “you (polite)”
ᴺQ. !lyenya pron. “yours (polite)”
ᴺQ. !lyéta- v. “to address somebody formally using lye”
Q. ma¹ pron. “something, a thing; ⚠️anything”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. me pron. “us (exclusive)”
⚠️ᴱQ. mëa- pref. “*our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive”
⚠️ᴱQ. melmo pron. “we (emphatic); 1st pl. exclusive pronoun”
Q., ᴱQ. menya pron. “our (exclusive); [ᴺQ.] ours”
Q. -mma¹ suf. “our (exclusive dual)”
⚠️Q. -mma² suf. “our (exclusive)”; see instead:
Q. -lma¹ “our (exclusive)”
Q. -mmë¹ suf. “we (exclusive dual)”
⚠️Q. -mmë² suf. “we (exclusive)”; see instead:
Q. -lmë¹ “we (exclusive)”
Q. -mmo suf. “we (exclusive dual)”
Q. mo pron. “one, anyone, someone, somebody”
⚠️ᴱQ. mu pron. “dual 1(a)”
Q. námo¹ n. “person, somebody (unnamed)”
Q. †-nca suf. “your (plural familiar)”
Q. †-ncë suf. “you (plural familiar)”
Q. -ngo suf. “we (inclusive dual)”
Q. -ngwa suf. “our (inclusive dual)”
Q. -ngwë suf. “we (inclusive dual)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ni pron. “me, I”
⚠️ᴱQ. nímo pron. “I (emphatic); 1st sg. pronoun”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ninya pron. “my; [ᴺQ.] mine”
Q. -nquë suf. “thou-and-I (dual)”
Q. -nta¹ suf. “their”
Q. -nta² suf. “they (neuter)”
Q. -ntë suf. “they”
⚠️Q. -ntyë suf. “you (plural familiar)”
⚠️ᴹQ. #ñwë pron. “*we (inclusive)”
Q. -nya suf. “my”
⚠️ᴱQ. nya- pref. “*my; 1st sg. possessive”
Q., ᴹQ. -n(yë) suf. “I”
ᴹQ. nye pron. “me, I”
⚠️ᴱQ. quë¹ pron. “we (inclusive)”
⚠️ᴱQ. quë² pron. “any”; see instead:
Q. ai² “supposing, suppose, maybe; *any”
⚠️ᴱQ. quëa- pref. “*our; 1st pl. inclusive possessive”
⚠️ᴱQ. quelmo pron. “we (emphatic); 1st pl. inclusive pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. quenya adj. “*our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive emphatic”
⚠️ᴱQ. qui adj. “this”; see instead:
Q. si¹ “this”
⚠️ᴱQ. quinda adj. “this”; see instead:
Q. sina “this”
⚠️ᴱQ. quinquë n. “this”; see instead:
Q. si¹ “this”
Q. -rya¹ suf. “his, her, its”
Q. -rya² suf. “their (colloquial)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. sa¹ pron. and conj. “it (inanimate); that”
Q., ᴹQ. sana adj. “that very thing (already referred to)”
⚠️ᴱQ. sanda adj. “that”; see instead:
Q. sana “that very thing (already referred to)”
⚠️ᴱQ. santo pron. “that”
Q. se¹ pron. “he, she, it (animate)”
ᴹQ. sen pron. “them”
Q. si¹ adj. and pron. “this”
⚠️ᴱQ. si¹ pron. “they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. sia- pref. “*their; 3rd pl. fem. possessive”
Q. sina adj. “this”
⚠️ᴱQ. sísë pron. “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. fem. pronoun”
Q. sítë adj. “of this sort”
⚠️ᴱQ. síva adj. “*their; 3rd pl. fem. possessive emphatic”
Q. -s(sa) suf. “3rd person singular neuter”
Q. -s(së) suf. “he, she, it; him, her, it”
⚠️Q. -ssë³ suf. “himself, *herself, itself”; see instead:
Q. -xë¹ “reflexive verbal inflection”
Q. -sta³ suf. “your (dual)”
⚠️Q. -sta⁴ suf. “their (dual)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !-tta “their (dual)”
⚠️Q. -s(të) suf. “3rd person singular animate”; see instead:
Q. -s(së) “he, she, it; him, her, it”
Q. -stë¹ suf. “you (dual)”
Q. -t² suf. “they (object suffix)”
⚠️ᴱQ. ta- pref. “*their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive”
Q., ᴹQ. ta¹ pron. “that, there, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] it”
⚠️ᴱQ. ta¹ pron. “they; 3rd pl. neut. pronoun”
Q. tai¹ pron. “them (inanimate)”
Q. taitë adj. “of that sort”
Q. tallë adv. “like that”
⚠️ᴱQ. táma adj. “this”; see instead:
Q. sina “this”
Q., ᴹQ. tana adj. and pron. “that”
Q. tanen adv. “in that way”
⚠️ᴱQ. tanya adj. “that”
⚠️ᴱQ. táva adj. “*their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive emphatic”
ᴹQ. te pron. “him, it”
Q. te pron. “them”
ᴹQ. thë pron. “it”
ᴹQ. toi pron. “they”
ᴺQ. !-tta suf. “their (dual)”
Q. -ttë¹ suf. “they (dual)”
⚠️Q. -ttë² suf. “themselves”; see instead:
Q. -xë¹ “reflexive verbal inflection”
Q. tu pron. “them (dual)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tu¹ pron. “they; 3rd pl. masc. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. tu² pron. “he”
⚠️ᴱQ. tua- pref. “*their; 3rd pl. masc. possessive”
⚠️ᴱQ. túto pron. “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. masc. pronoun”
⚠️ᴱQ. túva adj. “*their; 3rd pl. masc. possessive emphatic”
⚠️Q. -twa suf. “their (dual)”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !-tta “their (dual)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tya- pref. “*your; 2nd sg. possessive”
Q. -tya¹ suf. “your (familiar)”
Q. -tyë suf. “you (familiar)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. tye pron. “you (familiar), thee”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyë¹ pron. “that by you”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyenda adj. “that (of yours)”
⚠️ᴱQ. tyent(y)ë n. “that (of yours)”
ᴺQ. !tyenya n. “yours (familiar)”
ᴺQ. !tyéta- v. “to address somebody informally using tye”
Q. ve² pron. “us (inclusive)”
ᴺQ. !venya pron. “ours (inclusive)”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. ya pron. “which, that (relative pronoun)”
Q. -ya³ suf. “his, her, its (colloquial)”
Q. yallë adv. “as, in the same way as, like”
ᴹQ. yana pron. “that (the former)”
ᴺQ. !yava adj. “whose, of which”
Q. ye pron. “who”

23.5 Noun Inflection

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -i¹ suf. “general plural for nouns”
⚠️ᴱQ. -ica suf. “partitive”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ië¹ suf. “abstract noun, adverb”
⚠️ᴱQ. -inen suf. “of, out of; partitive suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -l¹ suf. “dative suffix”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -lë suf. “abstract noun, ⚠️adverb”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -li suf. “partitive plural (suffix); many, some, a lot of”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-lis suf. “noun suffix”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-më suf. “abstract noun”
⚠️ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -n suf. “genitive suffix”; see instead:
Q. -n² “dative”
Q. -n² suf. “dative”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ndon suf. “-like, -ily”
Q. -nen suf. “instrumental”
Q. -nna suf. “(movement) to, towards, onto, at (arriving at a point); allative suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -nta suf. “to, at, towards; allative suffix”; see instead:
Q. -nna “(movement) to, towards, onto, at (arriving at a point); allative suffix”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -o suf. “of; genitive ending”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -r¹ suf. “plural suffix”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-rë suf. “abstract noun”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ssë¹ suf. “locative ending”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-ssë² suf. “abstract noun”
Q., ᴱQ. -t¹ suf. “dual ending”
Q. -u suf. “dual ending”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -va suf. “possessive or adjectival ending”

23.6 Verb Inflection

Q. #a- pref. “infinitive prefix”
Q., ᴹQ. á particle. “imperative particle”
ᴺQ. !aralussë n. “aorist, (lit.) beside-tense”
ᴹQ. -(á)rë suf. “general action verbal suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. ‽-co suf. “reflexive suffix”; see instead:
Q. -xë¹ “reflexive verbal inflection”
⚠️ᴱQ. -cto suf. “reflexive”; see instead:
Q. -xë¹ “reflexive verbal inflection”
Q. -ëa¹ suf. “continuative present”
Q. -i² suf. “simplest aorist infinitive”
Q., ᴹQ. -ië² suf. “gerund suffix, -ing”
Q., ᴹQ. -ië³ suf. “perfect suffix”
⚠️ᴹQ. -ië⁴ suf. “stative suffix”; see instead:
Q. ëa- “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”
Q. -(i)la suf. “active participle”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ina suf. “adjective suffix; passive participle”
Q. -ita suf. “particular infinitive”
⚠️ᴱQ. -l² suf. “plural [verb]”
ᴺQ. !lussë n. “(verb) tense”
⚠️Q., ᴹQ. -lya² suf. “imperfect participle”; see instead:
Q. -(i)la “active participle”
⚠️ᴱQ. -ma² suf. “passive participle”
Q. -mië suf. “*noun ending”
⚠️ᴱQ. -n² (-nd-) suf. “active participle”
ᴹQ. -ndë suf. “general action verbal suffix”
ᴺQ. !†nessë n. “past tense, (lit.) nē-ness”
Q., ᴹQ. -nwa suf. “passive suffix; active participle (intransitive verbs); [ᴹQ.] perfective participle”
ᴺQ. !qualussë n. “perfect tense, (lit.) full tense”
⚠️ᴱQ. -r³ suf. “impersonal [verb]”
ᴺQ. !silussë n. “present tense, (lit.) here-and-now-tense”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-sta² suf. “verbal noun suffix”
⚠️ᴹQ. -stë suf. “general action verbal suffix”; see instead:
Q. #-sta² “verbal noun suffix”
ᴺQ. !tulussë n. “future tense, (lit.) coming tense”
Q., ᴹQ. *-ula suf. “likelihood or aptitude”
ᴹQ. †-umnë suf. “future-past”
Q., ᴹQ. -uva suf. “future tense suffix”
ᴺQ. !†uvassë n. “future tense, (lit.) uva-ness”
ᴺQ. !vanwalussë n. “past tense”
Q. -xë¹ suf. “reflexive verbal inflection”
ᴹQ. -ya² suf. “aorist active participle, general verbal adjective”

23.7 Comparative, Intensive

⚠️ᴱQ. a-² pref. “*intensive prefix”
⚠️ᴱQ. aca adv. “very, intensive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lai “very”
⚠️ᴱQ. aca- pref. “intensive”; see instead:
Q. an- “intensive prefix”
⚠️ᴱQ. acca adv. “too”
⚠️ᴱQ. aci adj. “extreme, vehement, excessive”
Q., ᴹQ. an- pref. “intensive prefix”
⚠️ᴱQ. arë² adv. “very, intensive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lai “very”
Q., ᴱQ. ar(i)- pref. “superlative prefix; ⚠️good; [ᴱQ.] intensive”
ᴺQ. !aryata- v. “to improve”
Q., ᴱQ. #-incë suf. “diminutive ending”
⚠️ᴱQ. -íne(a) suf. “diminutive”; see instead:
Q. #-incë “diminutive ending”
⚠️Q. íta² adv. “very, extremely; (lit.) multiplied, increased”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lai “very”
⚠️ᴱQ. -itsë (-itsi) suf. “diminutive”
ᴺQ. [ᴹQ.] lai adv. “very”
Q. langë adv. “surpassingly, superlatively, extremely”
⚠️ᴱQ. -lda suf. “augmentative”
⚠️Q. -lda³ suf. “a comparative suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-lla suf. “diminutive”
⚠️ᴱQ. maira adj. “excessive, strong”; see instead:
Q. maira “admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime”
ᴹQ. malca adj. “how great”
⚠️ᴱQ. mice- pref. “diminutive”; see instead:
Q. #-incë “diminutive ending”
Q. na-¹ pref. “plu-”
⚠️ᴱQ. oldë adv. “very, much, intensive”; see instead:
ᴺQ. lai “very”
ᴺQ. !lio “much”
⚠️ᴱQ. oli- pref. “intensive”; see instead:
Q. an- “intensive prefix”
Q., ᴹQ. #-on² suf. “augmentative, great”
⚠️ᴱQ. -pin(cë) suf. “diminutive”; see instead:
Q. #-incë “diminutive ending”
⚠️ᴱQ. sa- pref. “intensive”; see instead:
Q. an- “intensive prefix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -tsa suf. “diminutive”
⚠️ᴱQ. -tya¹ suf. “comparative”
⚠️ᴱQ. -úmë suf. “augmentative”
ᴹQ. un-/um- pref. “intensive prefix with evil sense”
⚠️ᴱQ. -(w)intë suf. “diminutive”
⚠️ᴱQ. -(y)ando adj. “augmentative”

23.8 Conjunction

ᴺQ. !aimanen adv. “however”
ᴺQ. !aivë adv. “anyway, anyhow, in any way”
Q. an conj. and adv. “for, but, then, or; moreover, furthermore”
ᴺQ. !anahtai conj. “although, even though, (lit.) against-that-which”
ᴹQ. ananta conj. “but yet, and yet”
Q. apa³ conj. “but”
ᴺQ. !astai conj. “whereas, (lit.) beside-that-which”
⚠️ᴺQ. !ecar conj. “or”; see instead:
Q. hya¹ “or”
ᴺQ. !equi conj. “even if, even though, (lit.) indeed-if”
ᴺQ. !exanen adv. “otherwise, in an other way”
⚠️Q. hela conj. “*other than”
⚠️ᴺQ. !herca conj. “or”; see instead:
Q. hya¹ “or”
Q. hya¹ conj. “or”
ᴺQ. !hyano adv. “rather”
ᴺQ. !illangiéla adv. “nevertheless, (lit.) all-having-been-bypassed”
ᴹQ. íqua conj. “when, whenever”
⚠️ᴹQ. írë² conj. “when”; see instead:
Q. yá “when”
ᴹQ. issë conj. “where”
Q. ita conj. “that which, what”
⚠️ᴺQ. !italo conj. “since”; see instead:
ᴺQ. pan “*since, because”
ᴺQ. !itan conj. “so that, in order to”
Q. itas adv. “in that case”
⚠️ᴱQ. la prep. “before; than”
Q. lan conj. “*while”
Q. laqui conj. “unless”
Q. mal conj. “but”
ᴹQ. mennai conj. “until”
ᴹQ. nan conj. and adv. “but, on the contrary, on the other hand; ⚠️again”
ᴺQ. !naqui conj. “although, even though, (lit.) if it is in fact”
⚠️ᴱQ. ne conj. “that”
⚠️ᴱQ. ómu adv. “*although”
⚠️Q. ono conj. “but”; see instead:
Q. mal “but”
ᴺQ. [Q.] pan conj. “*since, because”
ᴺQ. !quima conj. “whether”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. san conj. and adv. “*then, so, thus”
Q. sinen adv. “by this means, so”
Q. ta³ adv. and conj. “so, like that, also; and also, then; etcetera”
⚠️ᴱQ. var conj. “or”; see instead:
Q. hya¹ “or”
⚠️ᴱQ. váro adv. “*rather”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !hyano “rather”
⚠️ᴱQ. varúsë adv. “*in other manner [than]”
ᴺQ. !vequi conj. “as if, as though”
Q. yá conj. “when”
⚠️Q. yan conj. and adv. “*as”; see instead:
Q. san “*then, so, thus”
⚠️ᴱQ. yan conj. “when”; see instead:
Q. yá “when”
ᴺQ. !yanen adv. “whereby”
ᴺQ. !yola adv. “neither, nor”
⚠️ᴺQ. !yúla adv. “neither, nor”; see instead:
ᴺQ. !yola “neither, nor”
ᴹQ. yúla “ember, smouldering wood”

23.9 Affix

Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-a suf. “adjectival suffix”
Q. -arya suf. “*inceptive”
Q. -da suf. “product of an action”
Q. -e suf. “plural of adjectives”
⚠️ᴱQ. e-¹ pref. “that by you”; see instead:
Q. ta¹ “that, there, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] it”
Q. -ëa² suf. “ordinal suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -ilqua suf. “-ly or -like”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-inë suf. “noun suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -inya¹ suf. “worthy to be -”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-itë suf. “adjective ending”
⚠️ᴱQ. -lta suf. “?causative”
Q., ᴹQ. -ma suf. “instrumental”
⚠️ᴱQ. -mas (-mast-) suf. “-ton, -by”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-noina suf. “adjective suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-noitë suf. “adjective suffix”
ᴹQ. -nta suf. “to become or be made”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-nto suf. “fraction suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-ra suf. “adjectival suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. #-së suf. “adjective suffix”
Q., ᴹQ. -ta suf. “causative verb suffix”
⚠️Q. -tië suf. “verbal suffix”
⚠️ᴱQ. -tulë (tuli-) suf. “bearing, etc.”
⚠️ᴱQ. -tya² suf. “causative”
⚠️ᴱQ. -u suf. “adverb suffix”
Q. -vë suf. “abstract noun, adverb”
ᴹQ., ᴱQ. #-voitë suf. “adjective suffix”
Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ. -ya¹ suf. “adjective suffix”
Q. -ya² suf. “suffix of endearment”
Q. -ya⁴ suf. “verbal suffix”

23.99 Grammar (other)

ᴺQ. !cariquetta n. “verb”
Q., ᴹQ. mestanyatsë n. “suffixion”
Q., ᴹQ. mittandë n. “infixion, intrusion, [ᴹQ.] insertion”
Q., ᴹQ. tengwesta n. “grammar, morphology, system or code of signs, collection of matter concerning writing, *language structure”
ᴺQ. !yestanyatsë n. “prefixion”