Q. talta- v. (talat-stem) “to slip, slide down, collapse, fall” (Category: to Fall)
A verb derived from the root √TALAT, with various glosses like “slip, slide down, collapse” (MC/223), “slope, slip, slide down” (Ety/TALÁT), or “slip, fall” (PE22/113). In the Markirya poem of the 1960s it was translated “fall(ing)” in the phrase elenillor pella talta-taltala “beyond the stars falling”, but this seems to be a loose translation since in the glossary of the poem talta- was translated “slip, slide down, collapse” (MC/222-223). However, in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) written in 1969, talta was simply glossed “fall” (PE22/164).
Tolkien used this verb as the primary example for the class of talat-stem verbs.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar but transitive verb ᴱQ. tilt- “make slope, incline (tr.), decline, shake at foundations, make totter, etc.” under the early root ᴱ√TḶTḶ (QL/80). Its past tense form talte is the result of differing phonetic developments for long ḹ vs. short ḷ in Early Qenya.
References ✧ MC/222-223; PE17/186; PE18/88; PE22/134, 164
Glosses
Variations
Changes
Inflections
talasta | ? | ✧ PE22/164 | |
talatta | ? | ✧ PE22/164 | |
talatya | ? | ✧ PE22/164 | |
taltala | active-participle | “falling” | ✧ MC/222 |
talati- | aorist | ✧ PE17/186 | |
talt- | aorist | ✧ PE17/186 | |
talta | aorist | ✧ PE17/186: weak transitive conjugation | |
taltan | aorist 1st-sg | ✧ PE22/164 | |
taltuva | future | ✧ PE22/164 | |
taltuva- | future | ✧ PE22/134 | |
talta | infinitive | “falling” | ✧ MC/222 |
talante | past; half-strong-past | ✧ PE17/186; PE22/164 | |
talante | past | “slipped, slid” | ✧ PE18/88 |
taltane | past | ✧ PE17/186: weak transitive conjugation | |
atalantie | perfect; reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/164 | |
atalatie | perfect | ✧ PE22/164 | |
ataltie | perfect | ✧ PE17/186 | |
talta | present | ✧ PE17/186 | |
†taltaya | present | “fall” | ✧ PE22/164 |
taltea | present | ✧ PE17/186: weak transitive conjugation | |
taltea | present | ✧ PE22/164 | |
talatan | present 1st-sg | ✧ PE22/164 |
Elements
✶-tā | “verb suffix (transitive), causative” | ✧ PE17/186 (-ta) |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
✶talatā > talta | [talatā] > [taltā] > [talta] | ✧ PE17/186 |
✶tal’ti- > talt- | [talati] > [talti] | ✧ PE17/186 |
✶atā̆latie > ataltie | [atālatie] > [ataltie] | ✧ PE17/186 |
✶taltăyā > taltea | [taltajā] > [taltea] | ✧ PE17/186 |
✶talta > taltuva- | [talatuva] > [taltuva] | ✧ PE22/134 |
ᴹQ. talta- v. (talat-stem) “to slope, slip (down), slide down, fall” (Category: to Fall)
References ✧ Ety/TALÁT; LR/72; PE18/35; PE22/111, 113-115
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
taltea | active-participle | “insecure” | ✧ PE22/111 |
taltea | active-participle | ✧ PE22/114 | |
talta | aorist | ✧ PE22/114 | |
taltuva | future | ✧ PE22/115 | |
taltare | gerund | ✧ PE22/114 | |
taltie | gerund | ✧ PE22/114 | |
taltalya | imperfect-participle | ✧ PE22/115 | |
taltalyar | imperfect-participle plural | “are [slipping down]” | ✧ PE22/115 |
taltana | passive-participle | ✧ PE22/114 | |
talante | past; half-strong-past | “was slipping down” | ✧ PE18/35 |
talante | past; half-strong-past | ✧ PE22/115 | |
taltane | past | ✧ PE22/115 | |
talantie | past stative; half-strong-past | “He is fallen” | ✧ LR/72 |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
ᴹ√TALÁT > talta- | [talta-] | ✧ Ety/TALÁT |
ᴹ√TALÁT > talta- | [talta-] | ✧ Ety/TALÁT |
ᴹ√TLAT > talante | [talante] | ✧ PE18/35 |
ᴱQ. tilt- v. “to make slope, incline (tr.), decline, shake at foundations, make totter” (Category: to Fall)
References ✧ QL/93
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
talte | past | ✧ QL/93 |
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
ᴱ√TḶTḶ > tilt- | [tḷt-] > [tilt-] | ✧ QL/93 |
ᴱ√TḶTḶ > talte | [tḹte-] > [talte-] | ✧ QL/93 |