Eldamo : Quenya : árë

Q. árë (ári-) n. “sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); day” (Category: Sun)

Q. árë (ári-), n. “sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); *noontide; ⚠️day” (Category: Sun)

A word for “sunlight” and “warmth (especially of the sun)” as well as the older name of tengwa #31 [k], which was originally used for the sound [z] matching the archaic pronunciation of this name: †áze (LotR/1123). When this sound fell out of use in Quenya (becoming r) the tengwa was repurposed for [ss] and given a new name: Q. essë. The word árë was derived from the root √AS “warmth” (PE17/18, 148; VT43/18).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. are has the sense “day” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√AR¹ of the same meaning (Ety/AR¹), and it appears with this gloss in some later writings as well (PE17/148, PM/127). By the time Tolkien was writing The Lord of the Rings appendices, though, he had changed the sense of this word to “sunlight” as described above. The sense “day” was transferred to the words aurë and ré.

Neo-Quenya: Luinyelle suggested this word might also mean “*noontide”, patterned after G. auth “sunshine, warmth; noontide”, to serve as a basis for ᴺQ. apárilë “afternoon”.

References ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/18, 126, 148; PM/127; SA/arien; VT43/18

Glosses

“day” ✧ PE17/148 (ar); PM/127 (arë); VT43/18
“sunlight” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/18; PE17/126; SA/arien
“warmth (especially of the sun), sunlight” ✧ PE17/126 (āre); PE17/148 (āre)

Variations

áre ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/18; PE17/126; SA/arien; VT43/18
†áze ✧ LotR/1123
āre ✧ PE17/126; PE17/148
ar ✧ PE17/148
arë ✧ PM/127

aurë “day (as opposed to night), daylight, sunlight, morning” for the sense “day” seems to have replaced árë “sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); day”
S. aur “day” is not related to āre “warmth (especially of the sun), sunlight” ✧ PE17/148

Inflections

ārĭ-

stem

✧ PE17/126; PE17/148

Element In

ᴺQ. !apárilë “afternoon”
ᴺQ. !árinqua “sunny, (lit.) sunlight-full”
Q. Arien “Maiden of the Sun” ✧ PE17/148 (Árien)
Q. hyárë “*today, this day”
Q. ilyarëa “*daily”
Q. siar(ë) “*today, this day”
Q. sinar “today”
Q. árë nuquerna “árë-reversed” ✧ LotR/1123

Cognates

S. ast “light or heat of the sun” ✧ PE17/18 (ast)

Derivations

< √AS¹ “warmth” ✧ PE17/148; PE17/148; SA/arien; VT43/18
- < āze < AS ✧ PE17/148
- < áze < AS ✧ VT43/18
< ✶áse “sunlight” ✧ PE17/18
- < áze < áse ✧ PE17/18
- < √AS¹ “warmth” ✧ PE17/18 (GAS)

Phonetic Developments

✶áse > áze > áre	[āse] > [āze] > [āre]	✧ PE17/18
√AS > āze > āre	[āse] > [āze] > [āre]	✧ PE17/148
√AS > ar	[ase] > [aze] > [are] ? [ar]	✧ PE17/148
√as- > árë	[āse] > [āze] > [āre]	✧ SA/arien
√AS > áze > áre	[āse] > [āze] > [āre]	✧ VT43/18

ᴹQ. are n. “day” (Category: Day)

References ✧ Ety/AR¹; PE23/100, 108-109