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Q. ondo n. “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock” (Category: Rock, Stone)

Q. ondo, n. “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock” (Category: Rock, Stone)

The basic word for “stone” in Quenya. More specifically, it was “stone as a material, a large mass of stone or great rock” (RC/347; PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to a small individual stone, which was Q. sar (Ety/SAR). Ondo was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Sindarin cognate S. gond (Ety/GOND).

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the root ᴱ√ONO “hard” (QL/70); it was ond(o) in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/50). Its Gnomish cognate was G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41) meaning the early root form was probably *ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial ʒ vanishing in Qenya but becoming g in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya, as reflected in the form ᴱQ. {ŋonda >>} hond- “stone, rock” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/162).

However, the usual form became ondo as of the Early Qenya Grammar and various word lists in the 1920s (PE14/43-44; PE15/77; PE16/138), and ᴹQ. ondo “stone (as a material)” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND). Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter.

References ✧ Let/410; MC/222; PE17/29; PE18/99; PE19/70; RC/347; SA/gond; UTI/Ondosto

Glosses

Variations

Related

Inflections

ondolisse locative partitive-plural “on ... the rocks” ✧ MC/222
ondor plural “rocks” ✧ MC/222

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

✶gond(o) > ondo [gondo] > [ɣondo] > [ondo] ✧ Let/410
✶gon-d > ondo [gondo] > [ɣondo] > [ondo] ✧ RC/347

ᴹQ. ondo n. “stone (as a material)” (Category: Rock, Stone)

See Q. ondo for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/GOND; PE19/52; PE21/5, 8-9, 11, 58, 63; PE23/106

Glosses

Variations

Inflections

ondollo ablative   ✧ PE21/5
ondollut ablative dual   ✧ PE21/5
ondullut ablative dual   ✧ PE21/9
†[ond]ollon ablative plural   ✧ PE21/8
†[ondo]lillo ablative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondolillon ablative plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondo accusative   ✧ PE21/5
ondot accusative dual   ✧ PE21/5
†ondoi accusative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondoli accusative plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondonta allative   ✧ PE21/5
[ondon]to allative dual   ✧ PE21/5
ondontau allative dual   ✧ PE21/5
†ondolinta allative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondolintan allative plural   ✧ PE21/5
†ondontan allative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondor dative   ✧ PE21/5
ondu dative dual   ✧ PE21/5
†ondoi dative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondolir dative plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondot dual   ✧ PE19/52
†ondo genitive   ✧ PE21/5
onduo genitive   ✧ PE21/5; PE21/8; PE21/11
ondohta genitive dual   ✧ PE21/5
onduhta genitive dual   ✧ PE21/9
†ondoion genitive plural   ✧ PE21/8: OQ
ondolion genitive plural   ✧ PE21/5; PE21/8
ondonen instrumental   ✧ PE21/5
ondomet instrumental dual   ✧ PE21/5
ondumet instrumental dual   ✧ PE21/9
ondoinen instrumental plural   ✧ PE21/5; PE21/8
†ondolínen instrumental plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondosse locative   ✧ PE21/5
ondosset locative dual   ✧ PE21/5
†[ond]ossen locative plural   ✧ PE21/8
†[ondo]lisse locative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondolissen locative plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondon nominative   ✧ PE21/5
ondont nominative dual   ✧ PE21/5
†ondoin nominative plural   ✧ PE21/8
ondolin nominative plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondoika partitive-plural   ✧ PE21/5; PE21/8
ondoli partitive-plural “some stones” ✧ PE23/106
ondor plural   ✧ PE21/58
ondor plural “rocks” ✧ PE21/63
ondor plural “stones” ✧ PE23/106
ondova possessive   ✧ PE21/5
ondohta possessive dual   ✧ PE21/5
ondolinwa possessive plural   ✧ PE21/5
ondondon similative   ✧ PE21/5
ondundon similative   ✧ PE21/11
ondolindon similative plural   ✧ PE21/5

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√GÓNOD/GONDO > ondo [gondo] > [ɣondo] > [ondo] ✧ Ety/GOND
ᴹ✶gondōt > ʒondō̆t > ondot [gondōt] > [ɣondōt] > [ondōt] > [ondot] ✧ PE19/52
ᴹ✶góndōm > góndōr > ondor [gondōm] > [ɣondōm] > [ondōm] > [ondom] > [ondon] ✧ PE21/58
ᴹ✶gondōm > ʒondō̆n > ondor [gondōm] > [ɣondōm] > [ondōm] > [ondom] > [ondon] ✧ PE21/63

ᴱQ. ondo n. “stone, rock” (Category: Rock, Stone)

See Q. ondo for discussion.

References ✧ LT1A/Gondolin; LT2A/Gondolin; MC/213-214, 220-221; PE14/43-44, 70, 73, 107; PE15/25, 77; PE16/57, 60, 62, 64-65, 72, 74, 77, 111, 113-115, 138; PME/70; QL/70

Glosses

Variations

Changes

Inflections

ondollo ablative   ✧ PE16/113
[ondoll]ut ablative dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondollot ablative dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondoilon ablative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondolillon ablative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondo accusative   ✧ PE16/111; PE16/113
ondos accusative   ✧ PE14/44; PE14/70; PE14/73
†ondot accusative   ✧ PE14/70
ondos accusative dual   ✧ PE16/111
ondoli accusative plural   ✧ PE16/111
ondolin(t) accusative plural   ✧ PE14/73
ondoite adjectival   ✧ PE16/113
ondua adjectival   ✧ PE16/113
ondŏva adjectival   ✧ PE16/113
ondonta allative   ✧ PE16/113
[ondont]as allative dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondontat allative dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondolinta(n) allative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondoiko comitative   ✧ PE16/113
ondoikut comitative dual   ✧ PE16/114
onduhto comitative dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondolinko comitative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondor dative   ✧ PE14/44; PE14/73; PE16/111; PE16/113
ondovi dative dual   ✧ PE16/111
ondur dative dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondoir(en) dative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondolir dative plural   ✧ PE14/73; PE16/111; PE16/115
ondos dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondot dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondut dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondon genitive   ✧ PE14/44; PE14/73
ondoo genitive   ✧ PE16/113
ondu genitive   ✧ PE16/111
ondovint genitive dual   ✧ PE16/111
ondu genitive dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondoion genitive plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondolion genitive plural   ✧ PE16/111; PE16/115
ondo̦lion genitive plural   ✧ PE14/73
ondoin instrumental; short-instrumental   ✧ PE16/113
ondoinen instrumental   ✧ PE16/113
[ond]oinent instrumental dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondoimet instrumental dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondolínen instrumental plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondosse locative   ✧ PE16/113
ondosset locative dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondoise locative plural   ✧ PE16/65
ondoisen locative plural “upon the rocks” ✧ MC/221
ondoisen locative plural   ✧ PE16/57; PE16/60; PE16/74
ondoisen locative plural “upon the ... rocks” ✧ PE16/62
†ondoisen locative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondolissen locative plural   ✧ PE16/77; PE16/115
öndöisen locative plural   ✧ PE16/72
ondon nominative   ✧ PE16/64
ondon nominative   ✧ PE16/111; PE16/113
†ondont nominative dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondos nominative dual   ✧ PE16/111
ondunt nominative dual   ✧ PE16/114
ondoin nominative plural “rocks” ✧ PE16/62
ondoin nominative plural   ✧ PE16/74; PE16/77
†ondoin nominative plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondolin nominative plural “the rocks” ✧ MC/220
ondolin nominative plural   ✧ PE16/111; PE16/115
öndöin nominative plural   ✧ PE16/72
ondohta partitive dual   ✧ PE16/114
†ondoi plural   ✧ PE16/115
ondoli plural “rocks” ✧ MC/213
ondoli plural   ✧ PE14/44; PE14/73; PE15/77; PE16/115
ondolissen plural locative “on the ... rocks” ✧ MC/214
ondondon similative   ✧ PE16/113
ondolindon similative plural   ✧ PE16/115

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√ONO¹ > ondo [ɣondō] > [ɣondo] > [ondo] ✧ QL/70

ᴱQ. #hon¹ (hond-) n. “stone, rock” (Category: Rock, Stone)

See Q. ondo for discussion.

References ✧ PE13/162

Variations

Changes

Inflections

hondi plural   ✧ PE13/162
hond- stem “stone, rock” ✧ PE13/162

Cognates

Derivations

ᴱQ. on(d) n. “(a) stone” (Category: Rock, Stone)

See Q. ondo for discussion.

References ✧ LT2A/Gondolin; PE15/25; QL/70

Glosses

Variations

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√ONO¹ > on(d) [ɣond] > [ɣon] > [on] ✧ QL/70