Q. ista- v. (ta-formative) “to know” (Category: to Know)

Q. ista-, v. (ta-formative) “to know, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] learn” (Category: to Know)

ᴱQ. tenge- “to know, understand, grasp, think”

References ✧ PE17/52, 68, 77, 155; PE22/148, 155-159, 164; VT39/20; VT41/6; VT48/25; VT49/16

Glosses

• “know” ✧ PE17/52; PE22/164
• “to know” ✧ VT48/25 (is-ta)

Variations

• ista ✧ PE17/52; PE22/164; VT49/16
• istā ✧ PE22/148
• is-ta ✧ VT48/25

Related

• síma “mind” is related to ista ✧ VT49/16

Changes

• istila >> istaila ✧ PE22/156
• siuva >> istuva ✧ PE22/159

Inflections

istaila	active-participle		✧ PE22/156
istila	active-participle		✧ PE22/156
ista	aorist	“know”	✧ PE17/77
ista	aorist		✧ PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164
†ista	aorist		✧ PE22/164
istā	aorist		✧ PE22/159
istan	aorist 1st-sg	“I can (because I have learned)”	✧ PE17/155; VT41/6
istan	aorist 1st-sg	“I ... know”	✧ PE22/158
istan	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
istuva	future		✧ PE17/77; PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164; PE22/164
istuvan	future		✧ PE22/164
isuva	future		✧ PE17/77: older
siuva	future		✧ PE22/159
laistila	negative active-participle	“ignorant”	✧ PE22/155
sīna	passive-participle		✧ PE17/68
(i)sinte	past; half-strong-past		✧ PE22/164; PE22/164
inse	past; strong-past		✧ PE22/159
†inse	past; strong-past		✧ PE22/159
isinte	past; half-strong-past		✧ PE22/159
isinte	past; half-strong-past		✧ VT48/25: past tense
sinte	past; half-strong-past		✧ PE17/77
†sinte	past; half-strong-past	“knew”	✧ VT48/25: (irregular) past tense, the older form
sīne	past; strong-past		✧ PE22/157; PE22/159
īse	past; strong-past		✧ PE22/157
istane	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/157
istante	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/157
isintie	perfect; reformed-perfect		✧ PE17/77
isistie	perfect		✧ PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164
istie	perfect; augmentless		✧ PE22/164
isísie	perfect; strong-perfect		✧ PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164; PE22/164
īsie	perfect; augmentless strong-perfect		✧ PE17/77
sinwa	perfective-participle	“known, certain, ascertained”	✧ PE17/68
istea	present		✧ PE17/77
istea	present		✧ PE22/159: in brackets
istia	present		✧ PE22/164
istya	present		✧ PE22/164; PE22/164
sia	present		✧ PE22/159
ísa	present		✧ PE22/159: in brackets
istianye	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
istyanye	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
#-isa	suffix		✧ VT39/20

Elements

✶-tă

“verb suffix (intransitive)”

✧ PE17/52 (ta)

Element In

• ᴺQ. !istalë “information”
• ᴺQ. !istanómë “school, academy”
• Q. istan quetë “I can speak, I know how to speak” ✧ PE17/155; VT41/6
• Q. Istar “Wizard, (lit.) One Who Knows”
• Q. istima “wise (in sense knowing very much), knowledgeable, very well informed, learned”
• Q. laista “ignorance, (lit.) not-knowing”
• Q. sívë³ “knowing, knowledge”
• Q. iluisa “omniscient” ✧ VT39/20
• Q. laistila “ignorant” ✧ PE22/155
• Q. quistanyes: lá istan “I suppose so, I don’t know” ✧ PE22/158
• Q. sinwa “known, certain, ascertained” ✧ PE17/68

Derivations

• < √IS “know” ✧ PE17/155 (ISI); VT41/6 (isi); VT48/25

Phonetic Developments

√ISI > istan	[istan]	✧ PE17/155
√isi > istan	[istan]	✧ VT41/6
√IS > is-ta	[ista-]	✧ VT48/25

ᴹQ. ista- v. (ta-formative) “to know, learn” (Category: to Know)

References ✧ Ety/IS; PE22/104, 106-109, 111-112, 114-115; PE23/76-77, 83, 85, 99, 108

Glosses

• “know” ✧ Ety/IS; PE22/104; PE22/114 (ist(ă)); PE23/76

Variations

• ista- ✧ Ety/IS; PE22/104; PE22/107; PE22/115; PE23/76
• ist(ă) ✧ PE22/114

Changes

• istanta >> istaina ✧ PE22/108; PE22/115
• istuvanta >> istuvaina ✧ PE22/109
• istana >> istina ✧ PE22/114

Inflections

istea	active-participle	“knowing”	✧ PE22/106
istea	active-participle	“knowing”	✧ PE22/111
istea	active-participle		✧ PE22/114
ista	aorist		✧ PE22/114
ista	aorist	“knows”	✧ PE23/76; PE23/108
ista	aorist	“know”	✧ PE23/99
istake	aorist with-2nd-sg-familiar-object		✧ PE23/83
**istatye	aorist with-2nd-sg-familiar-object		✧ PE23/83: never
istaza	aorist with-abstract-object	“know it”	✧ PE23/85
istas	aorist with-sg-object	“know (that)”	✧ PE23/77
istuva	future	“shall know”	✧ PE22/104
istuva	future		✧ PE22/115
istuvaina	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
istuvanta	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
sintéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“shall have known”	✧ PE22/115
istie	gerund		✧ PE22/114
istalya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/107; PE22/115
†izilya	imperfect-participle	“knowing”	✧ PE22/107: (strong)
istaina	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/108
istaina	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/115
istanta	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/108; PE22/115
istana	passive-participle		✧ PE22/114
istina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/114
istāna	passive-participle	“known”	✧ PE22/107
istane	past	“{knew >>} learned”	✧ PE23/77
sinte	past; half-strong-past		✧ Ety/IS
sinte	past; half-strong-past	“knew”	✧ PE22/115
istanelya	perfect-participle	“have known”	✧ PE22/108
sintelya	perfect-participle	“having known”	✧ PE22/115
sintielya	perfect-participle	“having known”	✧ PE22/115
sintienwa	perfect-passive-participle	“having been known”	✧ PE22/115
istanwa	perfective-participle	“known, acknowledged, certain”	✧ PE22/106
istanwa	perfective-participle	“known, generally recognized”	✧ PE22/112
istanwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE22/114
sint(i)elyane	pluperfect	“had known”	✧ PE22/115

Element In

• ᴹQ. istalima “knowable, ascertainable”
• ᴹQ. istare “knowledge”
• ᴹQ. istima “having knowledge, wise, learned” ✧ Ety/IS
• ᴹQ. a·istane “one learned” ✧ PE23/77
• ᴹQ. e·ista “he knows” ✧ PE23/76
• ᴹQ. malli yēni ista/ekēnie Túro “how many years knows/has Túro seen” ✧ PE23/108
• ᴹQ. ni·ista “I know” ✧ PE23/76
• ᴹQ. ni·istas “I know (that)” ✧ PE23/77
• ᴹQ. nila ista má “I know not what” ✧ PE23/99
• ᴹQ. nístaza “I know it, I am aware of it, quite so” ✧ PE23/85
• ᴹQ. ta·istane “it knew” ✧ PE23/77

Cognates

• N. ista- “to have knowledge” ✧ Ety/IS (isto)

Derivations

• < ᴹ√IS “*know” ✧ Ety/IS
• < ᴹ✶ista- “to know”
  • < ᴹ√IS “*know”

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√IS > ista-

[ista-]

✧ Ety/IS

ᴱQ. ista- v. “to know” (Category: to Know)

References ✧ LT2A/Eldarissa; PE14/86; PE15/32; PE16/133; QL/43, 85

Glosses

• “know” ✧ LT2A/Eldarissa; PE16/133; QL/43

Variations

• ista ✧ LT2A/Eldarissa; PE16/133; QL/43

Related

• sinte “esteem; estimate, computation” may be < ISI, cp. sinte “he knew” ✧ QL/85

Inflections

maistal	1st-pl-exclusive plural; pronoun-prefix		✧ PE14/86
nista	1st-sg; pronoun-prefix	“I know”	✧ PE14/86
t’ista	2nd-sg; pronoun-prefix		✧ PE14/86
sistal	3rd-pl-fem plural; pronoun-prefix		✧ PE14/86
s’istal	3rd-pl-fem plural; pronoun-prefix		✧ PE14/86
tuḯstal	3rd-pl-masc plural; pronoun-prefix	“they know”	✧ PE14/86
túistal	3rd-pl-masc plural; pronoun-prefix		✧ PE14/86
hista	3rd-sg-fem; pronoun-prefix	“she knows”	✧ PE14/86
hista	3rd-sg-neut; pronoun-prefix		✧ PE14/86
sinte	past		✧ QL/43: pret.
sinte	past	“he knew”	✧ QL/85
íse	past		✧ PE16/133
īsier	past plural	“*was known”	✧ PE15/32

Element In

• ᴱQ. istaléra “*knowledgeable, wise”
• ᴱQ. malto ísier i nosta - Qarda “*by those from whom this birth was known - less” ✧ PE15/32

Cognates

• G. ista- “to know, be aware, perceive, feel”

Derivations

• < ᴱ√ISI¹ “*know” ✧ LT2A/Eldarissa; QL/43

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√ISI > ista	[ista-]	✧ LT2A/Eldarissa
ᴱ√ISI¹ > ista	[ista-]	✧ QL/43