ᴹQ. tuvu- v. (u-verb) “to take” (Category: to Get, Obtain)
The verb ᴱQ. tuvu- appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “receive, accept, take, require, cost” under the early root ᴱ√TUVU (QL/96). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with the gloss “receive”, given as the cognate of G. tû- “receive; take; get; become” (GL/71). The verb appeared in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar as tuv “receive, take”, with past túvie and present tuve or tue, along with an “impersonal” variant tú (PE14/58).
Similar verb forms ᴹQ. tuvo “take” and túvie “took” appeared in the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) the late 1940s (PE23/92). The aorist verb form tuvo is peculiar, but it may be in that moment Tolkien imagined this was a u-verb tuvu-, and that the aorist forms of such a u-verb was tuvo < *tuvŭ rather than tuvu < *tuvū as it was in other documents of this period such as the Quenya Verbal System (QVS), also from 1948 (PE22/114).
QVS also introduced a new meaning for ᴹQ. tuve “finds” (PE22/108 note #50) in that document revised to ᴹQ. kime (PE22/108, 125), but later still Q. utúvienyes “I have found it” appeared in The Lord of the Rings. See those entries for further discussion.
Neo-Quenya: It is possible that tuvu- “receive, take” was displaced by Q. tuv- “find, discover”. However, we have no good Quenya word for “take”, so I for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain tuvu- “take” as a u-verb, perhaps related somehow to tuv- “find” after considerable semantic drift. I would also retain the early meanings “require, cost”, as in tuvus miriani canta “it costs four mirian [a Gondorian coins]”. For “receive, accept”, I would instead use the later verb cav-.
References ✧ PE23/92
Related
Inflections
tuvo | aorist | “take” | ✧ PE23/92 |
túvo | aorist | “take” | ✧ PE23/92 |
túvie | perfect; augmentless | “took” | ✧ PE23/92 |
Element In
ᴱQ. tuvu- v. “to receive, accept, take, require, cost” (Category: to Get, Obtain)
References ✧ GL/71; PE14/58; QL/33, 96
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
túvie | past | ✧ PE14/58 | |
tūve | past | ✧ QL/96 | |
tue | present | ✧ PE14/58 | |
tuve | present | “receive, take” | ✧ PE14/58 |
tú | present impersonal | ✧ PE14/58 |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
ᴱ√TUVU > tuvu- | [tuβu-] > [tuvu-] | ✧ QL/96 |