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ᴹQ. tuvu- v. (u-verb) “to take” (Category: to Get, Obtain)

ᴹQ. tuvu-, v. (u-verb) “to take, [ᴱQ.] require, cost, ⚠️receive, accept” (Category: to Get, Obtain)

The verb ᴱQ. tuvu- appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “receive, accept, take, require, cost” under the early root ᴱ√TUVU (QL/96). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with the gloss “receive”, given as the cognate of G. tû- “receive; take; get; become” (GL/71). The verb appeared in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar as tuv “receive, take”, with past túvie and present tuve or tue, along with an “impersonal” variant (PE14/58).

Similar verb forms ᴹQ. tuvo “take” and túvie “took” appeared in the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) the late 1940s (PE23/92). The aorist verb form tuvo is peculiar, but it may be in that moment Tolkien imagined this was a u-verb tuvu-, and that the aorist forms of such a u-verb was tuvo < *tuvŭ rather than tuvu < *tuvū as it was in other documents of this period such as the Quenya Verbal System (QVS), also from 1948 (PE22/114).

QVS also introduced a new meaning for ᴹQ. tuve “finds” (PE22/108 note #50) in that document revised to ᴹQ. kime (PE22/108, 125), but later still Q. utúvienyes “I have found it” appeared in The Lord of the Rings. See those entries for further discussion.

Neo-Quenya: It is possible that tuvu- “receive, take” was displaced by Q. tuv- “find, discover”. However, we have no good Quenya word for “take”, so I for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain tuvu- “take” as a u-verb, perhaps related somehow to tuv- “find” after considerable semantic drift. I would also retain the early meanings “require, cost”, as in tuvus miriani canta “it costs four mirian [a Gondorian coins]”. For “receive, accept”, I would instead use the later verb cav-.

References ✧ PE23/92

Related

Inflections

tuvo aorist “take” ✧ PE23/92
túvo aorist “take” ✧ PE23/92
túvie perfect; augmentless “took” ✧ PE23/92

Element In


ᴱQ. tuvu- v. “to receive, accept, take, require, cost” (Category: to Get, Obtain)

References ✧ GL/71; PE14/58; QL/33, 96

Glosses

Variations

Inflections

túvie past   ✧ PE14/58
tūve past   ✧ QL/96
tue present   ✧ PE14/58
tuve present “receive, take” ✧ PE14/58
present impersonal   ✧ PE14/58

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√TUVU > tuvu- [tuβu-] > [tuvu-] ✧ QL/96