ᴹQ. perfect grammar.
| Examples (perfect) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lámie | “called” | [← lam-] | augmentless | ✧ PE23/92 | |||||
| róvie | “lost” | [← rov-] | augmentless | ✧ PE23/92 | |||||
| (al)álie | [← ala-] | a-verb | ✧ PE22/116 | ||||||
| (ol)ólie | “it has grown up, it has reached its prime, become” | [← ola-] | a-verb | ✧ PE22/116 | |||||
| kárie | “made” | [← kar-] | basic-verb | ✧ LR/56 | |||||
| akárie | [← kar-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| akárie | [← kar-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/109 | ||||||
| akárie | [← kar-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/109 | ||||||
| ekénie | [← #ken-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| ekēnie | “has ... seen” | [← #ken-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE23/108 | |||||
| ahámie | ← hame (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| ihímie | ← hime (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| †illīk[ie] | [← hlik-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/113 | ||||||
| ihlíkie | “has crept” | [← hlik-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/113 | |||||
| ahyárie | ← hyare (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| †akápie | [← kap-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| alahie/alakkie | ← lahe (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| alávie | ← lave (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| †uluiye | ← lue (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| ukúvie | ← kuve (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| †amátie | [← mat-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| amantie | [← mat-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/104 | ||||||
| emérie | [← mer-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| umúnie | ← mune (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| †andákie | [← nak-¹] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/112 | ||||||
| anákie | [← nak-¹] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/112 | ||||||
| unúrie | ← nure (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| oine | “have lived” | [← oi-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/125 | |||||
| olólie | [← ol-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| ólie | [← ol-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| orhálie | ← orhale (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| ipísie | ← pise (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| eqétie | “have mentioned” | [← qet-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE23/99 | |||||
| aráfie | ← rafe (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| urúkie | [← ruk-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| esérie | ← sere (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| isílie | “has shone (white)” | [← sil-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/113 | |||||
| †astárie | [← †thar-¹] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/112 | ||||||
| otónie | ← tone (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| utúnie | ← tune (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| utúlie | ← tule (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| utúlie | [← tul-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/108 | ||||||
| utúlie | “had come” | [← tul-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/119 | |||||
| utúlie | “have just come” | [← tul-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/119 | |||||
| utúvie | “has found” | [← #tuv-] | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/108 | |||||
| atyávie | ← tyave (aorist) | basic-verb | ✧ PE22/102 | ||||||
| túvien | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | basic-verb | 1st-sg augmentless | ✧ SD/57 | ||||
| [?in]túviet | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | basic-verb | 1st-sg with-sg-object | ✧ PE22/84 | ||||
| nitúviet | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | basic-verb | 1st-sg with-sg-object | ✧ SD/57 | ||||
| utúvienyes | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | basic-verb | 1st-sg with-sg-object | ✧ SD/57 | ||||
| kárielto | “they made” | [← kar-] | basic-verb | 3rd-pl augmentless | ✧ LR/72 | ||||
| lávielle | [← lav-¹] | basic-verb | ? | ✧ PE22/104 | |||||
| kárie | “finishes” | [← kar-] | basic-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/121 | ||||
| kímie | “has found” | [← kim-] | basic-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/108 | ||||
| túlie | [← tul-] | basic-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/121 | |||||
| túlie | [← tul-] | basic-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/122 | |||||
| túlie | “came” | [← tul-] | basic-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE23/92 | ||||
| ăkárier | [← kar-] | basic-verb | plural | ✧ PE22/109 | |||||
| kárier | “they made” | [← kar-] | basic-verb | plural augmentless | ✧ LR/72 | ||||
| amantier | [← mat-] | basic-verb | plural reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/104 | |||||
| amantielti | [← mat-] | basic-verb | plural with-pl-object reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/104 | |||||
| ekennie | [← #ken-] | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| ahammie | ← hame (aorist) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| akampie | ← kampe (past) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/102 | |||||
| alahtie | ← lahe (aorist) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| ulungie | ← lue (aorist) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/102 | |||||
| amantie | ← mante (past) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/102 | |||||
| orahallie | ← orhale (aorist) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| uruñkie | ← ruñke (past) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/102 | |||||
| otonnie | ← tone (aorist) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| utunnie | ← tune (aorist) | basic-verb | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| akárin | [← kar-] | basic-verb | with-1st-sg-object | ✧ PE22/109 | |||||
| ulungien | “I have been sad” | [← lu-] | basic-verb | with-1st-sg-object reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/104 | ||||
| ēne | ← ëa | irregular-verb | ✧ PE22/123 | ||||||
| enie | [← ye-] | irregular-verb | ✧ PE22/123 | ||||||
| yénie | [← ye-] | irregular-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/123 | |||||
| lálie | [← lá-] | irregular-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/126 | |||||
| lánie | [← lá-] | irregular-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE22/126 | |||||
| lendien | “I have come” | [← lenna-] | na-formative | 1st-sg | ✧ SD/56 | ||||
| nilendie | “I have come” | [← lenna-] | na-formative | 1st-sg reformed-perfect pronoun-prefix | ✧ SD/56 | ||||
| ortanie | [← orta-¹] | ta-causative | weak-perfect | ✧ PE22/117 | |||||
| ortánie | [← orta-¹] | ta-causative | weak-perfect | ✧ PE22/117 | |||||
| okoine | ← koita- | ta-formative | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| alaunie | ← lauta | ta-formative | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| orontie | ← órta | ta-formative | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/115 | |||||
| ahlázie | ← hlasta- | ta-formative | strong-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| alázie | ← lasta- | ta-formative | strong-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| unúzie | ← nusta | ta-formative | strong-perfect | ✧ PE22/103 | |||||
| ekkoitanie | “might awake” | [← ekkoita-] | ta-formative | weak-perfect | ✧ VT27/7 | ||||
| etekélie | ← ehtelu- | u-verb | ✧ PE22/103 | ||||||
| túvie | “took” | [← tuvu-] | u-verb | augmentless | ✧ PE23/92 | ||||
| lantier | “they-fell” | [← lanta-] | weak-verb | augmentless | ✧ LR/47 | ||||
| lantie | “fell” | [← lanta-] | weak-verb | augmentless | ✧ LR/56 | ||||
| lantier | “fell” | [← lanta-] | weak-verb | augmentless | ✧ LR/56 | ||||
| niñqitánie | [← ninqita-] | weak-verb | augmentless weak-perfect | ✧ PE22/117 | |||||
| lantier | “they-fell” | [← lanta-] | weak-verb | plural augmentless | ✧ SD/310 | ||||
| (a)karanyanie | [← karanya-] | weak-verb | weak-perfect | ✧ PE22/117 | |||||
| (i)niñqitanie | [← ninqita-] | weak-verb | weak-perfect | ✧ PE22/117 | |||||
| †ulúlie | [← ulya-] | ya-causative | ✧ PE22/112 | ||||||
| úlie | “has poured” | [← ulya-] | ya-causative | augmentless | ✧ PE22/112 | ||||
| ullier | “poured” | [← ulya-] | ya-causative | plural reformed-perfect | ✧ LR/47 | ||||
| ullier | “should flow” | [← ulya-] | ya-causative | plural reformed-perfect | ✧ SD/247 | ||||
| ullier | “they-should-flow” | [← ulya-] | ya-causative | plural reformed-perfect | ✧ SD/310 | ||||
| ullier | “should pour” | [← ulya-] | ya-causative | plural reformed-perfect | ✧ VT24/7 | ||||
| orórie | “has arisen” | ← orya- | ya-formative | ✧ PE22/115 | |||||
| isírie | ← sirya | ya-formative | ✧ PE22/115 | ||||||
| **isirinie | ← sirya | ya-formative | reformed-perfect | ✧ PE22/115 | |||||
References ✧ PE22/96, 104, 112
Elements
| long perfect |
Element In
ᴱQ. perfect grammar.
| Examples (perfect) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ie | “had ... been” | [← e-²] | ✧ PE14/54 | ||||||
| tūlie | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE16/124 | |||||||
| túlie | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE16/126 | |||||||
| tuliembo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-exclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliembo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-exclusive | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [tuli]engo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-inclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliengo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-inclusive | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tulielme | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-exclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlielme | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-exclusive | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túliengwe | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-inclusive | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūlienye | [← tulu-] | 1st-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlienye | [← tulu-] | 1st-sg | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [tuli]ello | [← tulu-] | 2nd-dual | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliello | [← tulu-] | 2nd-dual | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túlielle | [← tulu-] | 2nd-pl | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūlieste | [← tulu-] | 2nd-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlielye | [← tulu-] | 2nd-sg | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [túl]ieste | [← tulu-] | 2nd-sg | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túliesse | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-fem | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [túliess]ir | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-fem | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túliesso | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-masc | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [túliess]ur | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-masc | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túliettar | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-neut | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tulielto | “they have come” | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl | ✧ LT1/114 | |||||
| túliende(n) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-fem | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túliendo(n) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-masc | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túlienta(n) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-neut | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tulia | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tūliesse | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliende | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [túli]ére | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūliendo | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliendo | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [túli]éro | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tuliēta | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-neut | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliéta | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-neut | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tulier | “have come” | [← tulu-] | plural | ✧ LT1/114 | |||||
| antúlien | “hath returned” | [← #antulu-] | singular | ✧ LT1/184 | |||||
| antúlien | “returned” | [← #antulu-] | singular | ✧ LT1A/tulielto | |||||
Reference ✧ PE16/128
Element In