Q. falma n. “(crested or foaming) wave, breaker” (Category: Wave, Surge)
The basic Quenya word for “wave”, in particular a foaming or cresting wave, or a breaker. It was a derivative of the root √PHAL “foam, splash” (PE17/62, 73; Ety/PHAL).
Conceptual Development: Its earliest precursor seems to be ᴱQ. falmo “foam” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√FALA (QL/37). It appeared as ᴱQ. falma “foam” in the Oilima Markirya poem of 1931 (MC/213). Other poems from this period use another word ᴱQ. falmar for “wave” (MC/216, 220), and falmar appeared in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as well with the gloss “wave as it breaks” (QL/37). In the Declension of Nouns from the 1930s, it appeared as ᴹQ. falma “wave” (PE22/22, 50), and in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹQ. falma “(crested) wave” from the root ᴹ√PHAL “foam” (Ety/PHAL). It was mentioned numerous times in later writings, generally as a foaming or breaking wave.
References ✧ LotR/377; PE17/62, 73, 127, 135; PE23/134; RGEO/58-59; SA/falas; VT42/15
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| falma-li-nnar | allative partitive-plural | “foaming waves-many-upon (pl.)” | ✧ RGEO/59 |
| falmali(nnar) | allative partitive-plural | ✧ PE23/134 | |
| falmalinna | allative partitive-plural | “unto many waves” | ✧ PE17/73 |
| falmalinnar | allative partitive-plural | “on the foaming waves” | ✧ LotR/377 |
| falmalinnar | allative partitive-plural | ✧ PE17/62; PE17/73; PE17/135 | |
| falmalinnar | allative partitive-plural | “all (the) storm-blown waves” | ✧ PE23/134 |
| fálmalínnar | allative partitive-plural | “on the foaming waves” | ✧ RGEO/58 |
| i falmalinnar | allative partitive-plural | “onto the waves” | ✧ PE17/73: (that is to say “has fallen on”) |
| falma(nna)r | allative plural | ✧ PE23/134 | |
| falmali | partitive-plural | “many waves” | ✧ PE17/73 |
| falmali | partitive-plural | “many foaming waves” | ✧ PE23/134 |
| falmali- | partitive-plural | “many/some breakers” | ✧ PE17/62 |
| falmalī | partitive-plural | ✧ PE17/127 |
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| √PHAL > falma | [pʰalma] > [ɸalma] > [falma] | ✧ PE17/62 |
| √PHAL > falma | [pʰalma] > [ɸalma] > [falma] | ✧ PE17/73 |
ᴹQ. falma n. “(crested) wave” (Category: Wave, Surge)
References ✧ Ety/PHAL; PE22/22, 50
Glosses
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ√PHAL/PHÁLAS > falma | [pʰalma] > [ɸalma] > [falma] | ✧ Ety/PHAL |
ᴱQ. falma n. “foam, wave” (Category: Foam, Froth)
References ✧ MC/213; PE16/57, 59-60, 138
Glosses
Variations
Changes
Inflections
| falmain | nominative plural | ✧ PE16/57 |
| falmain | nominative plural | ✧ PE16/59 |
Element In
ᴱQ. falmo n. “foam” (Category: Foam, Froth)
References ✧ LT1A/Falman; QL/37
Glosses
Variations
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ√FALA > falmo | [ɸalmō] > [ɸalmo] > [falmo] | ✧ QL/37 |
ᴱQ. falmar n. “wave (as it breaks), foamcrest” (Category: Wave, Surge)
References ✧ LT1A/Falman; MC/216, 220; PE16/60, 62, 72, 74-75, 77, 100, 104; QL/37
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| falmariinen | instrumental plural | ✧ PE16/72; PE16/77 | |
| falmarínen | instrumental plural | “with waves” | ✧ MC/220 |
| falmarínen | instrumental plural | ✧ PE16/60; PE16/74 | |
| falmarínen | instrumental plural | “with foamcrests” | ✧ PE16/62 |
| falmari | plural | “waves” | ✧ MC/216; PE16/100 |
| falmari | plural | ✧ PE16/104 | |
| falmarin | plural | ✧ PE16/75 |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ√FALA > falmar | [ɸalmar] > [falmar] | ✧ QL/37 |