Gnomish Semantic Categories
1.
Physical World
- 1.21 Earth, Land
- 1.212 Ground, Soil
- 1.213 Dust, Powder
- 1.214 Mud, Mire
- 1.215 Sand, Grit
- 1.22 Hill, Mountain
- 1.221 Peak, Summit
- 1.222 Slope, Cliff
- 1.223 Mound, Pile
- 1.23 Plain, Field
- 1.24 Dale, Valley
- 1.241 Ravine, Pass
- 1.25 Isle, Island
- 1.27 Shore, Beach
- 1.31 Water
- 1.32 Sea
- 1.33 Lake, Pond
- 1.35 Wave, Surge
- 1.351 Foam, Froth
- 1.352 Splash, Spray
- 1.36 Brook, Stream, River
- 1.37 Spring, Well
- 1.41 Woods, Forest
- 1.43 Wood, Timber
- 1.44 Rock, Stone
- 1.46 Cave
- 1.51 Sky, Heavens
- 1.52 Sun
- 1.53 Moon
- 1.54 Star
- 1.55 Flash, Lightning
- 1.56 Noise, Thunder
- 1.61 Light
- 1.62 Darkness
- 1.622 Dark, Murky
- 1.63 Shade, Shadow
- 1.71 Air, Ether
- 1.72 Wind
- 1.723 Breeze
- 1.73 Cloud, Mirk
- 1.74 Mist, Fog, Haze
- 1.75 Rain
- 1.752 Rainbow
- 1.76 Snow
- 1.77 Ice, Frost
- 1.772 to Freeze
- 1.78 Weather
- 1.81 Fire
- 1.82 Flame
- 1.83 Smoke
- 1.85 to Burn, Scorch
- 1.86 to Light, Kindle
- 1.87 Match, Fire Stick
- 1.99 Physical World (other)
1.21 Earth, Land
- -gen suf. “*earth”
- mar n. “Earth, ground, soil”
- maragwast n. “earth quake”
1.212 Ground, Soil
- grosgen n. “soil”
- groth n. “earth, soil”
- ham n. “ground, level of Earth’s service [surface]”
1.213 Dust, Powder
- thith n. “dust”
- thithrin adj. “dusty”
1.214 Mud, Mire
- ôs n. “bog”
- ûg n. “mud”
- ûgrin adj. “muddy”
1.215 Sand, Grit
- armin n. “desert, waste”
- marol n. “sand”
- ôr n. “dry sand”
1.22 Hill, Mountain
- amon¹ n. “hill, mount, steep slope”
- môn n. “bare hill, knoll”
- nog n. “hill, knob, prominence”
- orod n. “mountain”
- tûn n. “[unglossed]”
1.221 Peak, Summit
- daroth n. “summit, peak”
- dorm n. “summit”
- orm n. “hill top, summit”
1.222 Slope, Cliff
- falchos n. “cliffs”
- numbros n. “incline, slope”
- ol n. “cliff, seaward precipice”
- rost n. “slope, hill side, ascent”
1.223 Mound, Pile
- caum n. “knob”
1.23 Plain, Field
- bladwen n. “plain”
- eng(a) n. “plain, vale”
- fladwen n. “meadow, grassland”
- glair n. “meadow”
- lais n. “green sward, glade”
- ness n. “water meadow; long grass”
1.24 Dale, Valley
- engriol adj. “vale like, of the vale”
- glith n. “dale, hillslope”
- gobli n. “dell”
- nal¹ n. “dale, vale”
- tûm n. “valley”
- tumli n. “dale”
- umbel n. “a dell”
1.241 Ravine, Pass
- cris(s) n. “cleft, gash, gully, ravine”
- falc n. “cleft, gash; cleft, ravine, cliffs”
- fôr n. “gulf, gap”
1.25 Isle, Island
- mineth n. “island”
- tol n. “isle (with high steep coast)”
1.27 Shore, Beach
- falos n. “sea-marge, surf, coast, line, beach; margin, fringe, edge”
- flass n. “sea-marge, surf; foam; margin, ragged margin, fringe”
- sarofarn n. “the seashore”
1.31 Water
- asc¹ n. “water”
- duivrad n. “canal”
- duivrant n. “aqueduct”
- glib² adj. “liquid”
- nen(n) n. “water; river”
- ulin adj. and n. “liquid”
1.32 Sea
- ô n. “the sea”
1.33 Lake, Pond
- ail n. “lake, pool”
- ailion n. “lake, pool”
- lô n. “pool, lake”
- muil n. “tarn”
- †nîn² n. “pool”
1.35 Wave, Surge
- falm n. “breaker, wave”
- floss n. “breaker”
- saros n. “surf, sea”
- sôr n. “wave, billow”
- thloss n. “breaker”
- thloth n. “breakers, waves, surf”
1.351 Foam, Froth
- craith n. “foam, froth, spume”
- flathwi n. “scud, spray, spindrift”
- gwing n. “wave-crest, crest, foam”
- osp(a) n. “foam”
- ospa- v. “to seethe, foam, spout”
- ospoth n. “froth”
1.352 Splash, Spray
- basbos n. “splash”
- basbotha- v. “to splash”
- fasca- v. “to splash, sprinkle”
- gwass n. “rush, rushing, noise of rushing, splash”
- gwassiol adj. “rushing, noisy, loud, rustling or splashing”
1.36 Brook, Stream, River
- acha n. “waterfall”
- celu n. “rill, stream, runlet”
- duif (duiv-) n. “stream”
- gwent² n. “brook, small river”
- nern n. “brook”
- sîr n. “river”
1.37 Spring, Well
- aithl n. “spring”
- aithla- v. “to spring (from), issue forth, bubble up”
- cectha- v. “to spout out”
- †ectha- v. “to spout, jet”
- ecthel(uin) n. “fountain, fount”
- gwelwi n. “spring of water”
1.41 Woods, Forest
- alos n. “forest”
- drui n. “wood, forest”
- goloth [ng-] n. “forest”
- taur¹ n. “dense wood or forest”
- tavros n. “forest, wooded land”
1.43 Wood, Timber
- âl n. “wood (material)”
- âlog adj. “of wood, wooden”
- durog adj. “wooden”
- duru n. “wood; pole, beam, log”
- lôg n. “fuel, firewood”
- tan n. “firewood”
- tund n. “log for the fire”
1.44 Rock, Stone
- bringlast n. “alabaster”
- cloch n. “stone (small), stone of fruit”
- clochiol adj. “stone”
- clocthi n. “pebble”
- clogod n. “shingle beach”
- clogrin adj. “stony, stone-like”
- clogwed adj. “stony, stone-covered”
- closs n. “shingle”
- dalech n. “(upright) stone”
- glast n. “marble”
- glastrin adj. “marble”
- gonn n. “(great) stone, rock”
- gonthos n. “great rock”
- gonwed adj. “rocky”
- sarn n. “a stone”
- silc n. “flint”
1.46 Cave
- gerd(h)olm n. “mine”
- gersauth n. “mine”
- grûd n. “cavern”
- rodos n. “cavern”
- †roth n. “cave, grot”
1.51 Sky, Heavens
- climli n. “heaven, sky”
- dai¹ n. “sky”
- ilon n. “sky”
- ilwint n. “sky, heavens; (lit.) face of god”
- luithon n. “sky”
1.52 Sun
- augla n. “ray of sunlight, sunbeam”
- auglas n. “bright sunshine”
- áugwila adj. “sunny, sunlit”
- aur(a) n. “Sun”
- auth n. “sunshine, warmth; noontide”
- hŷr n. “sun”
1.53 Moon
- gilm n. “moonlight, silver light”
- Rân n. “Moon”
- Sil n. “Rose of Silpion, Moon”
- Silma n. “*Moon”
1.54 Star
- gail n. “star”
- tim n. “spark, gleam, (star)”
- tinwithli n. “group of stars, star-cluster, constellation”
1.55 Flash, Lightning
- agla n. “flash”
- blectha- v. “to flash”
1.56 Noise, Thunder
- rum n. “noise”
- rumla- v. “to make a noise”
1.61 Light
- dantha- v. “to illuminate, light up, illustrate”
- danthos n. “(artificial) light, illumination”
- gal(a) n. “daylight, light”
1.62 Darkness
- †gath² (gadh-) n. “gloom, blight”
- morth n. “darkness”
- mûri n. “darkness, †night”
1.622 Dark, Murky
- fung adj. “dark (esp. of colour)”
- mortha adj. “dim”
1.63 Shade, Shadow
- lôm n. “gloom, shade”
- lómin adj. and n. “shady, shadowy, gloomy; gloom(iness)”
- lomiol adj. “dismal”
- lumbrin adj. “overcast”
1.71 Air, Ether
- gwail n. “air”
- gwailtha- v. “to air; expose to air”
1.72 Wind
- gwâ n. “wind”
- gwam n. “gust of wind”
- gwavwed adj. “windy”
- saul n. “great wind”
- sû n. “noise of wind”
1.723 Breeze
- blith n. “air, breeze, zephyr”
- gwilith n. “breeze”
1.73 Cloud, Mirk
- lum n. “cloud”
- luv- v. “to hang, lower (of clouds)”
- ust n. “cloudy air”
1.74 Mist, Fog, Haze
- drim n. “dew”
- huir adj. “foggy”
- huith n. “fog”
- huitha- v. “it is misty”
- usc n. “fog, mist”
1.75 Rain
- †nigor n. “rain, rainy weather”
- nigwin adj. “rainy”
- noss¹ n. “rain”
- tibli n. “drizzle, sleet”
- ubra- v. “to rain”
- ubri n. “rainfall, rain”
- uch n. “rain”
1.752 Rainbow
- ilbrant n. “rainbow”
1.76 Snow
- fô n. “snow”
- fôtha- v. “to snow”
- glui n. “snow”
- ith¹ n. “fine snow”
- nib n. “snowflake”
- nictha- v. “to rain, hail, snow”
- nigweth n. “(snow) storm”
- nybol adj. “?snowy”
1.77 Ice, Frost
- heleg n. “ice”
- helfileg n. “frost on panes, etc.”
- helfingl n. “icicle”
- heloth n. “frost”
- hîl n. “frost”
1.772 to Freeze
- hel- v. “to freeze”
- helon adj. “frozen”
- heltha- v. “to freeze, congeal (tr.)”
1.78 Weather
- glaim adj. “serene, clear, fair (espec. of weather)”
- glaimri n. “serenity, fair weather”
- lumbri n. “foul weather”
- lust n. “weather; tide; time”
1.81 Fire
- sâ n. “fire”
- tôn n. “fire (on a hearth)”
1.82 Flame
- blectha n. “a flame”
- bleg n. “a flame”
- cantha n. “flame”
- cantharol adj. “glaring, flaming”
- canthor n. “blaze, flare, glare”
- gudhri n. “inflammation; conflagration”
- gudhrin adj. “inflamed, burning hot”
- gudhriol adj. “inflamed, inflammatory”
- tang n. “flame, flash”
1.83 Smoke
- faug² n. “wood smoke”
- fluim n. “(black) smoke, reek”
- foltha- v. “to emit smoke, smoulder, reek”
- fuctha- v. “to smoke (over a wood fire)”
- fug- v. “to smoulder”
- fugri n. “smother (of smoke)”
- func n. “smoke”
- tuim n. “steam”
1.85 to Burn, Scorch
- brantha- v. “to scorch”
- gusta- v. “to burn (tr.), destroy”
- ras- v. “to scorch, toast”
- rasc n. “toast(ed bread)”
- torc n. “a sear, mark of a burn”
- tortha- v. “to scorch”
- urna- v. “to blaze, burn (intr.)”
1.86 to Light, Kindle
- cintha- v. “to light, set alight”
- galtha- v. “to kindle”
- tantha- v. “to set light to, kindle”
- tusc adj. “inflammable; touchy, irritable; explosive”
- tusta- v. “to inflame, kindle, set light to, burn (tr.)”
- tustarol adj. “inflammable”
1.87 Match, Fire Stick
- pruin n. “charcoal”
- taudha n. “phosphorous”
- tuth n. “tinder”
- tuthli n. “match”
1.99 Physical World (other)
- dorven [nd-] n. “landscape, scene, *(lit.) land-shape”
2.
Mankind
2.1 Human Being
- an¹ n. “person, -body, one, anyone, someone, they; creature”
2.21 Man
- anos n. “man (fullgrown), warrior”
- anoth n. “†manhood; man (fullgrown), warrior”
- gweg n. “man, male of the Elda”
- idhweg n. “*Man (m.)”
2.22 Woman
- gwin n. “woman, female”
- idhwin n. “*Man (f.)”
- †nîr² n. “woman”
2.23 Male
- anothrin adj. “adult (of men), fullgrown; manly”
- gwegri n. “manhood (time or state)”
- gwegrin adj. “masculine”
- gwegwed adj. “male”
- gwegweth n. “male sex, manhood (state)”
- nerthi n. “manhood, manliness; virtue”
- #-os² suf. “masculine suffix”
- -weg suf. “masculine suffix”
2.24 Female
- gwenedh adj. “womanly?”
- gwineth adj. “female”
- gwiniol adj. “feminine”
- gwinios n. “womanhood (time or state)”
- gwinlaith n. “womanhood (time)”
- gwinwed adj. “female”
- gwinweth n. “female sex, womanhood (state)”
- #-iel suf. “name suffix”
- #-(r)il suf. “feminine agent”
- -win suf. “*female suffix”
2.242 Sex
- gwegwin n. “hermaphrodite”
2.25 Boy
- nogin n. “boy, lad, urchin”
2.26 Girl
- gwenithli n. “maidenhood”
- gwennin n. “girl”
- gwenniniol adj. “maiden(ly), girlish”
- gwethli n. “maiden, little girl”
2.27 Child
- hilwed adj. “adolescent”
- pui n. “child”
2.28 Infant
- puthli n. “baby”
2.31 Husband
- bedhron n. “husband”
- †benn¹ n. “husband”
- hauthwaid n. “consort, wife or husband”
2.32 Wife
- †bedhril n. “wife”
- bess n. “wife”
2.33 to Wed, Marry
- benna- v. “to wed”
2.34 Wedding, Marriage
- bedhgad n. “wedlock”
- bedhin adj. “wedded, married”
- †bedhiod n. “wedlock”
- bedhri n. “wedding”
- †bedhwen n. “matrimony”
- govedhri n. “wedding”
- govedhwen n. “matrimony”
- hauthwais n. “matrimony, conjugal rights”
2.35 Father
- †ador n. “father”
- bâb n. “father”
- (n)ada n. “daddy, father”
- nathanwi n. “fatherhood”
- nathon n. “father”
2.36 Mother
- amil n. “mother”
- babi n. “mummy, mamma”
- mab(a) n. “mother”
- (m)ami n. “mummy”
- nân¹ n. “mother”
2.41 Son
- arn n. “son”
- bo- pref. “son of”
- bo(n) n. “son”
- go-² pref. “son of”
2.42 Daughter
- fwi- pref. “fem. patronymic prefix”
- suil n. “daughter”
2.44 Brother
- hethos n. “brother”
2.45 Sister
- hethir n. “sister”
2.452 Sibling
- gochest n. “brother and brother, brother and sister, etc.”
- gochestri n. “consanguinity”
- hest n. “brother or sister, *sibling; †consanguinity”
- hestri n. “consanguinity”
- †heth¹ n. “brother or sister”
2.46 Grandfather
- dâd n. “grandfather”
2.47 Grandmother
- mam n. “grandmother, mother”
2.48 Grandson
- ho(n)- pref. “grandson of”
- sion n. “grandson”
2.49 Granddaughter
- siel n. “granddaughter”
- si(n)- pref. “granddaughter of”
2.53 Nephew
- fwion n. “nephew”
2.54 Niece
- fwîr n. “niece”
2.55 Cousin
- gedren n. “second cousin (m.)”
- gedres n. “second cousin (f.)”
- goredhweg n. “cousin (m.)”
- goredhwin n. “cousin (f.)”
- gwarest n. “cousinhood, -ship”
- hethren n. “first cousin (m.)”
- hethres n. “first cousin (f.)”
- †redhweg n. “cousin [m.]”
- †redhwin n. “cousin [f.]”
- ren(d) n. “cousin (m.), relative”
- ress n. “cousin (f.), relative”
2.56 Ancestor
- eithog n. “ancestor, †father, sire”
- mavwin¹ n. “ancestress, †mother”
2.57 Descendant
- bôr n. “descendant”
- hilm n. “posterity; one’s descendants, progeny, offspring”
2.65 Brother-in-Law
- bedhren n. “brother in law, kinsman by marriage”
- gadren n. “*brother in law, kinsman by marriage”
2.66 Sister-in-Law
- bedhres n. “sister in law, *kinswoman by marriage”
- gadres n. “*sister in law, kinswoman by marriage”
2.81 Relative
- gedrin adj. “sib, akin”
- gonothri(n) adj. “of same kindred”
- goredhin [ng-] adj. “related, sib, akin”
- gwaid n. “kinsmen, relations; companion”
- gwais n. “kinship, relation”
- hethrin adj. “of the same family (in a close sense), consanguine”
- nos n. “kin, people”
- nosied n. “kinsman”
- redhin adj. “related”
- †rest² n. “kinship”
2.82 Family
- eithlos n. “family”
- gwanos n. “family, birth, heredity”
- gwarin(n) n. “family”
- renni n. “family”
3.
Animals
3.11 Animal
- cuid n. “animal, living creature”
3.16 to Pasture
- masta- v. “to feed, graze”
- nesta- v. “to put to grass, graze, pasture, feed”
3.17 Pasture
- masgar n. “pasture”
- mast n. “feed, food, nourishment; fodder”
3.18 Herdsman
- mastir n. “*shepherdess”
- mathron n. “herd, herdsman, shepherd”
- mothweg n. “shepherd”
- nethron n. “herd”
3.20 Cattle, Bovines
- muin² n. “kine, cattle”
3.22 Ox, Steer
- gagron n. “yoke ox, bullock”
- mû n. “ox”
- tarog n. “ox”
3.23 Cow
- gach n. “milch cow”
- maul n. “the lowing of cattle, bellowing”
- muir n. “heifer”
- mul- v. “to low, bellow”
- mûm n. “lowing”
- mûs n. “cow”
- mûst n. “byre, cowhouse”
3.24 Calf
- mugli n. “calf”
3.25 Sheep
- moth n. “sheep”
3.29 Lamb
- iol n. “lamb”
- iolinc n. “little lamb, lambkin”
3.34 Sow
- graus n. “sow, *female pig”
3.35 Pig
- hugin n. “young pig”
- hunc n. “pig”
3.41 Horse (generic)
- brog n. “horse”
- lobros n. “steed, horse”
- †mair n. “horse”
- raibrog n. “zebra”
- tôdhi n. “paddock”
3.44 Mare
- bros(s) n. “mare”
3.51 Chicken (generic)
- porog n. “fowl (domestic)”
- porogog n. “the clucking and noise of fowls”
3.54 Hen
- porogwil n. “hen”
- uil n. “hen”
3.61 Dog
- gab- v. “to bark, bay (of dogs)”
- gôbi n. “large hound”
- hû n. “dog”
- hûbi n. “hound”
- huil n. “bitch, *female dog”
- saur n. “hound, wild dog”
3.62 Cat
- miaug n. “tomcat”
- miaulin n. “she-cat”
- miog n. “cat”
3.63 Mouse, Rodent
- nig(la) n. “mouse”
3.64 Bird
- aidha n. “nest”
- aigli n. “bird”
- aivor n. “rookery, colony of birds”
- bil n. “bird”
- ciloba- v. “to twitter, chirp, chirrup”
- end n. “birds nest”
- uitha- v. “to lay eggs, nest”
3.641 Eagle, Hawk
- inthorn n. “eagle’s nest, eyrie”
- †ior n. “eagle”
- ioroth n. “eagle”
- thorn n. “eagle”
- thrond n. “(eyrie), pinnacle”
3.642 Crow, Raven
- crunc n. “crow”
3.648 Swan
- alfa n. “swan”
- alfuil(in) n. “swan”
- silwin n. “swan”
3.649 Bird (other)
- ammogrint adj. “red-breast[ed]”
- amosgarn n. “robin”
- amrint n. “lark”
- bilin(c) n. “small bird, sparrow”
- cilobinc n. “robin”
- crinthammos n. “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
- duil² n. “swallow”
- duilin(g) n. “swallow”
- glindwil n. “swallow”
3.65 Fish
- igli n. “young of fish, small fry”
- ing n. “fish”
3.71 Wolf
- harach n. “she-wolf”
- harog n. “wolf”
- urc n. “wolf”
3.72 Lion
- rau n. “lion”
3.77 Elephant
- funt n. “elephant”
3.79 to Hunt
- raust n. “hunt, chase”
3.81 Insect
- fufril n. “moth”
- gwef n. “louse”
- gwilbrin n. “butterfly”
- gwilbriniol adj. “like a butterfly”
3.811 Spider
- cing(win) n. “spider”
- gung n. “spider”
- gwaidhin n. “web”
- gwidh-a-ging n. “cobweb”
- ungwi n. “spider”
3.82 Bee
- niogrim n. “swarm”
- nio(s) n. “bee”
- niost n. “hive”
- niosturwin n. “queen bee”
- niwin n. “female bee”
3.83 Fly (n)
- sitha¹ n. “fly”
- sithagong n. “dragonfly”
- sithaling n. “fly snake, dragonfly”
3.84 Worm
- gwem n. “worm”
- gwembel n. “weevil”
- tereg n. “worm”
3.85 Snake
- fent n. “snake”
- ling n. “small snake”
- lingos n. “snake”
- lûg n. “snake”
3.99 Animals (other)
- cwildred n. “bat (animal)”
- doldrin [nd-] n. “mole”
- dolfa [nd-] n. “mole”
- dolmeg [nd-] n. “mole”
- laboth n. “a hare”
- meg n. “any small animal; (esp.) mole”
- uimoth n. “whale, (lit.) sheep of the waves”
- uin n. “whale, †wave”
4.
Body Parts and Functions
- 4.11 Body
- 4.12 Skin, Hide
- 4.13 Flesh
- 4.14 Hair
- 4.142 Beard
- 4.143 Hair (other)
- 4.15 Blood
- 4.16 Bone
- 4.17 Horn (animal)
- 4.19 Back
- 4.20 Head
- 4.202 Skull
- 4.204 Face
- 4.207 Jaw
- 4.209 Chin
- 4.21 Eye
- 4.22 Ear
- 4.23 Nose
- 4.24 Mouth
- 4.25 Lip
- 4.27 Tooth
- 4.28 Neck
- 4.29 Throat
- 4.30 Shoulder
- 4.31 Arm
- 4.32 Elbow
- 4.33 Hand
- 4.332 Hand (other)
- 4.34 Finger
- 4.35 Leg
- 4.36 Knee
- 4.37 Foot
- 4.38 Toe
- 4.39 Nail, Claw
- 4.392 Wing
- 4.393 Feather
- 4.40 Front of Chest
- 4.44 Heart
- 4.45 Liver
- 4.46 Belly, Stomach
- 4.48 Egg
- 4.49 Testicle
- 4.51 to Breathe; Breath
- 4.56 to Spit
- 4.58 to Bite
- 4.59 to Lick
- 4.61 to Sleep; Sleep
- 4.62 Dream
- 4.63 to Wake
- 4.65 to Urinate; Urine
- 4.66 to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement
- 4.71 to Beget (of Father)
- 4.72 to Bear (of Mother)
- 4.73 Pregnant
- 4.732 to Conceive
- 4.74 to Live; Living; Life
- 4.75 to Die; Dead; Death
- 4.76 to Kill
- 4.77 Corpse, Body
- 4.79 Grave, Tomb
- 4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful
- 4.82 Weak, Infirm
- 4.84 Sick; Sickness
- 4.85 to Wound; Wound; Wounded
- 4.89 Poison
- 4.91 Tired, Weary
- 4.93 Bald
- 4.94 Lame
- 4.99 Naked, Bare
4.11 Body
- baul n. “body, trunk”
4.12 Skin, Hide
- dafros n. “bark, skin, peel”
- dauth n. “skin, hide”
- dôf n. “hide, skin”
- past n. “skin”
- path n. “peel, skin of fruit, fine bark (paper)”
4.13 Flesh
- cwim(ri) n. “body, flesh”
- harc n. “flesh (on a living body)”
4.14 Hair
- faigli n. “hair, long tresses”
- faiglim adj. “having long hair”
- faiglion adj. “having long hair”
- findel n. “tress”
- fingl n. “tress”
- finn n. “lock of hair”
- fith (fidh-) n. “single hair”
4.142 Beard
- fang n. “(long) beard”
- pau n. “a beard”
4.143 Hair (other)
- cingra adj. “plaited”
- cingra- v. “to plait”
- cingrafindl n. “pigtail”
- fidhra n. “collective hair”
- fidhrad adj. “hairy, hirsute”
- #fidhrin adj. “haired”
- logrifidhrin adj. “curly haired”
- mairos n. “mane, long hair”
- taus adj. “shaggy”
4.15 Blood
- carna n. “gore, blood (especially fresh blood)”
- †mais n. “gore”
- mechor n. “gore”
4.16 Bone
- asg n. “bone; stone of fruit”
- hûn n. “bone”
- huniol adj. “bony, rawboned”
- lempachùn n. “wishbone”
4.17 Horn (animal)
- târ n. “horn”
4.19 Back
- alm n. “back (from shoulder to shoulder), shoulders”
- hacha n. “the hams, buttocks”
4.20 Head
- cas n. “head, skull”
- nôl n. “head”
4.202 Skull
- corob n. “skull”
4.204 Face
- ant n. “cheek; face”
- gwint n. “face”
4.207 Jaw
- gag n. “jaw”
4.209 Chin
- bectha n. “tip; chin”
- beg n. “chin”
4.21 Eye
- hen n. “eye”
- thed n. “eye; bud”
4.22 Ear
- unc² n. “ear, handle (of a jar)”
4.23 Nose
- crug n. “beak (espec. of a ship)”
- hunt n. “nose, nostrils, snout”
- irt n. “beak (of small birds)”
- nûn n. “a nose (of men only)”
4.24 Mouth
- gogail n. “mouth”
- mem n. “mouth”
- môl n. “the (inside of the) mouth”
4.25 Lip
- cail n. “lip”
4.27 Tooth
- carc n. “jag, point, fang”
- gomol n. “the teeth, two rows of teeth”
- molnaith n. “molar”
- nacthanaith n. “incisor (tooth)”
- naith n. “tooth”
- sanc n. “jag, tooth”
4.28 Neck
- gath¹ n. “neck”
4.29 Throat
- cwerc n. “throat”
- glod n. “gullet, throat”
- glonta- v. “to swallow, gulp, devour”
- loda- v. “to swallow, gulp down”
4.30 Shoulder
- alan n. “shoulder”
- egelmion adj. “broadshouldered”
- rôma n. “shoulder”
4.31 Arm
- †râ n. “arm, strength”
- rath n. “the full arm, the extent of one’s arm, one’s reach; a measure = 2 feet”
4.32 Elbow
- crig n. “elbow”
4.33 Hand
- gen n. “closed hand, grip”
- gob n. “hollow of hand”
- mab n. “hand(s)”
- mô n. “hand”
4.332 Hand (other)
- amabwed adj. “having hands”
- mablad n. “palm of the hand”
- mabrin(d) n. “wrist”
- mabwed adj. “handed, having hands, dextrous”
- mabwedri n. “dexterity”
- mavlant n. “*palm (of hand)”
4.34 Finger
- alepthog adj. “fingered, having fingers”
- alewthion adj. “having fingers”
- lemfadrin adj. and n. “of the finger; ring”
- lemp¹ n. “crooked finger; little finger”
- leptha n. “finger”
- lepthadrin adj. “fingered, of fingers”
4.35 Leg
- bactha n. “leg”
4.36 Knee
- octha n. “knee”
4.37 Foot
- grinn n. “ankle, wrist”
- tâl (tald-) n. “foot”
- talgrin(d) n. “ankle”
- taltha n. “foot (of things), base, pedestal, pediment”
4.38 Toe
- tent n. “toe”
4.39 Nail, Claw
- clam(p) n. “grasp, claw”
- cog n. “claw, fist”
4.392 Wing
- bascovas n. “flapping and beating (especially of wings)”
- basga- v. “to flap”
- bass n. “wing, pinion”
- ram n. “wing, pinion”
4.393 Feather
- cwathli n. “plume, spray, tassel”
- pectha n. “plume”
- pecthon n. “plume, feather”
- tuf n. “down, fluff”
- tufrin adj. “fluffy”
4.40 Front of Chest
- am² n. “breast, front (chest)”
4.44 Heart
- elf n. “heart”
- honn n. “heart”
- ilf n. “heart”
4.45 Liver
- rôn² n. “liver”
4.46 Belly, Stomach
- fam n. “fat belly, paunch”
- famfolc adj. “fat-bellied”
4.48 Egg
- och n. “egg”
4.49 Testicle
- gwaith² (gwaith-) n. “semen”
4.51 to Breathe; Breath
- fest n. “breath, breathing”
- festa- v. “to breath[e]”
- feth n. “one breath”
- ufestog adj. “breathless”
4.56 to Spit
- crech n. “spittle”
- crectha- v. “to spit”
4.58 to Bite
- nactha- v. “bite”
- nag- v. “to chew, gnaw”
- nanc n. “bite”
4.59 to Lick
- lav- v. “to lick”
- lavra- v. “to lap (of animals), suck up”
- thlib- v. “to sup, lap up, suck”
4.61 to Sleep; Sleep
- hum- v. “to sleep, drowze”
- hûm n. “sleep, slumber”
- humiol adj. “sleepy, drowzy”
- lor- v. “to sleep deep, dream (tr.)”
- lortha- v. “to put to sleep, send to sleep”
- lorwen n. “slumber, sleep”
- lûr n. “slumber”
- mur- v. “*to slumber, sleep”
4.62 Dream
- lorc adj. “drowsy, dreamy, lazy”
- maur n. “dream, vision”
- murc n. “a nightmare, vision of the night”
- murtha- v. “to dream”
- olm n. “dream”
- olma- v. “to dream”
- oloth n. “dream, apparition, vision”
- oltha- v. “to appear as an apparition; to dream”
4.63 to Wake
- bractha- v. “to refresh; to revive, arouse, awaken”
- cwim adj. “awake, alert, alive”
- cwimp adj. “alert, vigilant”
- cwiv- v. “to be awake”
- cwivra- v. “to awaken (intr.)”
- cwivros n. “awakening”
4.65 to Urinate; Urine
- fafli n. “bladder”
- pigla- v. “to make urine”
- piglin n. “urine”
4.66 to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement
- gorn n. “dung”
4.71 to Beget (of Father)
- gaibra- v. “to impregnate”
- gwectha- v. “to impregnate, generate”
4.72 to Bear (of Mother)
- nôs n. “birthday; nature”
- nost n. “birth; blood, high birth; birthday”
- nosta- v. “to be born”
- nosteg adj. “birth”
- nuin adj. “born”
4.73 Pregnant
- gaiw adj. “pregnant”
- gioth n. “germ, foetus, embryon”
- giothrin adj. “embryonic”
4.732 to Conceive
- giol adj. “fecund; conceiving, having conceived, just pregnant”
- giothra- v. “to germinate, be conceived”
- gwivrin adj. “barren”
- ilgiol adj. “barren”
- ilgioth n. “sterility”
- ivrin adj. “fertile”
- uivrin adj. “barren”
4.74 to Live; Living; Life
- cuib adj. “alive”
- cuibri n. “vitality”
- cuil n. “life, lifetime”
- cuilborn n. “lifetime”
- cuilog adj. “alive, lively”
- cuilogri n. “liveliness”
- cuith n. “life, the vital principle; living body”
- cuitha- v. “to live, be alive”
- cuithos n. “life (period of life); living, livelihood”
- laug adj. “(of plants) alive, having sap, green, vigorous”
4.75 to Die; Dead; Death
- gor-² v. “to die”
- gurth(u) n. “death”
- gwarth adj. “dead (only of persons)”
4.76 to Kill
- ecthadra- v. “to slay, put to the sword”
- mactha- v. “to slay, kill”
- (n)gôl n. “slaughter”
4.77 Corpse, Body
- cweleg n. “corpse, dead body”
4.79 Grave, Tomb
- cûm n. “mound (especially grave), burial mound”
- dal n. “cairn”
4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful
- nert n. “prowess, a feat, strength”
- nerthog adj. “stout, vigorous, doughty”
- polm n. “strength (physical)”
- polmog adj. “strong (physically)”
- polod n. “power, might, authority”
- polodrin adj. “mighty”
- rôg adj. “doughty, strong”
- †taur² n. “ability, power”
- taura adj. “powerful”
4.82 Weak, Infirm
- gôg adj. “clumsy; left (hand)”
4.84 Sick; Sickness
- colu n. “pestilence”
- coluid adj. “pestilent”
- côma n. “disease, illness”
- cômathol adj. “diseased, ill”
- cwam adj. “ill”
- cwanc adj. “sickly, poorly, seedy”
- cwancha- v. “to ail”
- cwanchri n. “ailment”
- gaudhwen n. “fever”
- il(d)rim n. “unquiet, disturbance; disease”
4.85 to Wound; Wound; Wounded
- famfa- v. “to maul”
- gund n. “boil, pus”
- lui n. “blueness, livor, livid mark”
- tîl n. “cicatrice, scab, healing of a wound”
4.89 Poison
- fem n. “venom (of snakes), poison in general”
- fenog adj. “venomous”
- fuior n. “deadly nightshade”
4.91 Tired, Weary
- drauth adj. “weary, toilworn, tired”
- drautha- v. “to weary, tire out”
- drauthiol adj. “arduous, labourious”
- drauthos n. “toil, weariness from labour”
- fadrog adj. “tiresome”
- fadros n. “satiety, weariness of anything”
4.93 Bald
- cafalon adj. “bald, *(lit.) head-naked”
4.94 Lame
- caug¹ n. “humpback”
4.99 Naked, Bare
- dautha adj. “naked, stripped”
- falon adj. “naked”
- falt adj. “bare”
- fôl adj. “empty, bare, leafless (esp. of trees)”
- hulc adj. “naked”
5.
Food and Drink
5.11 to Eat
- baptha- v. “to feed; to take sup of”
- dultha- v. “to dine”
- mad- v. “to eat”
- madrin adj. “edible, fit for food, wholesome”
- mal- v. “to chew”
5.12 Food
- madri n. “food, edibles; a meal”
- môs n. “food (of men)”
5.13 to Drink
- bab- v. “to drink, quaff”
- soctha- v. “to give to drink, quench”
- sog- v. “to drink”
- suith n. “drink, draught”
5.14 Hunger
- mavri n. “appetite”
- saig adj. “hungry”
- saigri n. “hunger (great), famine”
- saith n. “hunger”
- saitha- v. “to have hunger”
5.15 Thirst
- luist n. “thirst”
- maig adj. “thirst”
5.151 Thirsty
- luib adj. “thirsty”
- luista- v. “to be thirsty; to parch, dry up”
5.21 to Cook
- brant¹ [mb-] adj. “cooked, done; overdone”
- brath- v. “to cook”
5.24 to Bake
- bas- [mb-] v. “to bake”
5.25 Oven
- bothli [mb-] n. “oven”
5.26 Pot
- calph n. “bucket”
- ceral n. “jar”
- tambos n. “cauldron”
5.33 Bowl
- salf n. “bowl, basin”
5.34 Jug, Pitcher
- ulm n. “jar, flagon”
5.35 Cup
- fion n. “bowl, goblet”
- socthor n. “a drinking-horn”
- sogli n. “a drinking-horn”
- sogridâr n. “a drinking-horn”
5.37 Spoon
- salfinc n. “spoon”
5.41 a Meal
- mâd n. “meal”
5.42 Breakfast
- maudrimad n. “breakfast”
5.43 Lunch
- authmadri n. “midday meal”
- haimadri adj. “lunch, food in morning, elevens”
5.44 Dinner
- dultha n. “supper, dinner”
5.51 Bread
- basgorn [mb-] n. “loaf (of bread)”
- bast [mb-] n. “bread”
- corn n. “loaf”
5.55 Meal, Flour
- ‽mail n. “flour”
5.61 Meat
- hara n. “flesh meat, meat”
5.614 Fat, Grease
- lub n. “fat, fat flesh”
5.64 Soup, Broth
- thlibri n. “soup”
5.70 Potato
- grothorf n. “potato”
- podod n. “potato”
5.71 Fruit
- gôf n. “fruit (esp. of tree)”
- gôf·clochiol n. “stone-fruit”
- maros n. “ripe fruit”
5.72 Apple
- arwad n. “apple tree”
- orf n. “apple”
- urf n. “apple (tree)”
5.73 Pear
- orfing n. “pear”
5.76 Grape
- mirobin n. “grape”
5.77 Nut
- cod n. “nut”
- codiof adj. “nutbearing”
- codomla n. “*chestnut”
- codrin adj. “nutty”
- codwalion n. “walnut, chestnut”
- codwed adj. “nutbearing”
- coth n. “nutshell, husk”
- ivangod n. “walnut”
- ivogodron n. “walnut tree”
- omla n. “a horse chestnut”
- ormagod n. “a (Spanish) chestnut”
5.79 Oil
- ilbrin adj. “oily, fat, greasy”
- ilm n. “oil, fat, grease”
5.80 Berry
- aibin n. “cherry (tree)”
- dod n. “berry”
- pibin n. “small berry, haw”
- piog n. “berry”
5.81 Salt
- sing n. “salt”
- singrin adj. “salt”
5.84 Honey
- nectha n. “honey comb”
- neglis n. “honey”
5.85 Sugar
- glissith n. “sugar”
- glist n. “sugar”
5.86 Milk
- thim n. “milk (after separation)”
5.87 to Milk
- thin- v. “to skim”
5.88 Cheese
- cur- v. “to turn sour, curdle, congeal”
- cûr n. “cheese”
- curth n. “curd”
- curtha- v. “to curdle, to make cheese (tr.)”
5.89 Butter
- cwîr n. “cream”
- malthin n. “cream”
- mang n. “butter”
5.92 Wine
- gurmir n. “drink of the Valar, *(lit.) sweet wine”
- limfa n. “drink of the fairies”
- limp(elis) n. “drink of the fairies”
- mîr n. “wine”
- mirofor n. “drink of the Gods”
- miros n. “wine”
- mirwelthin n. “vintage”
5.94 Juice
- bith n. “juice, sap”
- gwâs n. “juice”
- laus n. and adj. “juice, sap; energy, vitality; (aj.) fresh”
5.999 Food (Other)
- suithlas n. “tea”
6.
Clothing and Adornment
6.11 to Clothe, Dress
- baidha- v. “to clothe”
- bain adj. “clad”
- braitha- v. “to wrap, swathe”
6.12 Clothes, Clothing
- baith¹ n. “garment”
- baithri n. “clothes, clothing”
6.22 Wool
- ocha n. “fleece”
- tô n. “wool”
- tûs- v. “to tease wool, comb out”
- uf² n. “fine wool, down”
6.31 to Spin
- cwir- v. “to stir, stir round, make spin”
- cwiruin n. “spinning wheel”
- gweron adj. “spun, rounded, cylindrical”
6.32 Spindle
- cwiril n. “spindle”
- gwiril n. “*spindle”
6.33 to Weave
- gwidh- v. “to weave (tr.)”
- gwidhin n. “woof”
- gwidhon adj. “woven”
- gwist n. “weft”
6.34 Loom
- gwingli n. “loom”
- gwithadr n. “shuttle”
6.36 Needle
- egli(n) n. “needle”
6.38 Thread
- theres n. “tie, ribbon”
6.41 Cloak
- brach n. “shawl, plaid, wrap”
- tôl n. “mantle”
6.412 Overcoat
- garob n. “cloak, outer garment”
6.43 Coat
- bacha n. “jacket, coat”
6.44 Shirt
- laub n. “shirt”
6.51 Shoe
- habach n. “big shoe, clog, sabot”
- habin n. “shoe”
6.52 Boot
- saib n. “boot”
6.55 Hat, Cap
- ôf n. “hood”
- tôd n. “hat”
- togli n. “cap”
6.63 Pin, Brooch
- pieg n. “pin”
6.72 Gem, Jewel
- brithla n. “pearl”
- idri n. “treasure, thing of great worth, jewel”
- nind n. “blue stone, turquoise”
- sî¹ n. “bead, small gem or pearl”
6.73 Finger Ring
- grilthi n. “finger-ring”
- lemfarilt n. “ring”
6.75 Necklace
- fring n. “necklace, carcanet”
6.82 Towel
- suithli n. “towel”
6.92 Brush
- fwegli n. “brush”
6.95 Soap
- puim n. “soap”
6.999 Adornment (other)
- fath n. “tassle”
- fathli n. “tasselled fringe”
- fathrin adj. “tasselled”
- fathwed adj. “tasselled”
- flathrin adj. “foamy, tasseled”
7.
Dwelling and Furniture
7.11 to Live, Dwell
- dortha- v. “to settle”
- gwadh- v. “to dwell”
- gwadhra adj. “habitable”
- gwadhril n. “inhabitant (f.)”
- gwadhron n. “inhabitant (m.)”
- mara- v. “to dwell”
- rûtha- v. “to dwell, remain”
7.12 House
- bad¹ n. “building, outhouse, shed”
- baravlid [mb-] adj. “homeless”
- baur [mb-] n. “house”
- †brann n. “dwelling, hall”
- gwast n. “dwelling”
- ind n. “house, abode”
- indos n. “house, hall”
- rû¹ n. “dwelling, house”
- -vran suf. “dwelling”
7.122 Home
- -bar suf. “dweller; home, -ham”
- bar [mb-] n. “home, dwelling”
- bara [mb-] n. “home, cottage”
- barod [mb-] adv. “homewards, home”
- barthi [mb-] adv. “at home, home”
- barwen [mb-] n. “homestead”
- in(d)wed adj. “indoors, at home; homely, domestic(ated)”
- inna adv. “in home, to its house/its right place”
- inni adv. “home, at home, in right place”
7.13 Hut
- tump n. “shed”
7.15 Yard, Court
- paga n. “court, paved floor”
7.21 Room
- tham n. “chamber, room”
- thambros n. “hall”
7.22 Door, Gate
- anna n. “door, opening”
- tarn n. “gate”
- tarnon n. “porter”
7.25 Window
- galoth n. “window, *(lit.) light hole”
7.26 Floor
- blath n. “floor”
- tôg n. “storey, floor (of a house)”
7.27 Wall
- bant n. “wall”
- oss n. “outer wall (with moat), town wall, moat”
- ostor n. “enclosure, circuit of walls”
7.28 Roof
- teglos n. “awning”
- teld n. “roof”
- telm n. “roof; sky”
- teloth n. “roofing, canopy, shelter”
7.31 Hearth, Fireplace
- bordd n. “fireplace”
- tangar n. “hearthgrate, fireplace”
- urm n. “brazier, grate”
7.42 Bed
- cumli n. “couch”
- haus n. “bed”
7.43 Chair
- dorn n. “seat”
- doros n. “throne”
7.44 Table
- sard n. “table”
7.45 Lamp
- dant n. “lamp”
7.46 Candle
- nith n. “wax”
- nitha n. “a candle”
- nithla n. “candlestick”
8.
Agriculture and Vegetation
8.11 Farmer
- nandor n. “farmer”
8.12 Field for Cultivation
- garw n. and adj. “sown-field; tilled”
- nand n. “field acre”
8.13 Garden, Orchard
- tand n. “enclosure, garden”
8.15 to Till, Cultivate
- barn [mb-] adj. “tilled, inhabited”
- bar(n)a- [mb-] v. “to dwell in (a land), till (land)”
- ruin adj. “inhabited, tilled”
- rust n. “inhabitation; cultivation, tillage”
8.22 to Dig, Delve
- dol- [nd-] v. “to dig”
- saptha- v. “to dig, bite into”
- tumla- v. “to excavate, hollow out”
8.23 Spade
- sabli n. “spade, shovel”
8.29 Blade, Share
- caf n. “blade”
- †cim n. “blade”
8.31 to Sow; Seed
- pim n. “bead, any small round thing, seed”
8.32 to Mow, Reap
- salca- v. “to scythe or mow”
8.41 Crop, Harvest
- gaust n. “corn, crop (espec. of cereal)”
- gav- v. “to produce, yield, bear fruit”
- gavon n. “harvest (time)”
- gavos n. “yield, crop, produce”
8.43 Wheat
- bloss [mb-] n. “wheat”
8.45 Rye
- losbas n. “ryebread”
- losc n. “rye”
8.46 Oats
- rusg n. “oatcake”
- ruthla adj. “oaten”
- ruthli n. “oats”
8.51 Grass
- flad n. “sward, grass”
- liscaloth adj. “reedy, reed grown”
- lisg n. “reed, sedge”
- nethli n. “long lush grass, little meadow”
- salc n. “green cut grass, ensilage”
8.52 Hay
- sirp n. “straw”
- thaf n. “hay”
- thafwen n. “hay, harvest”
8.53 Plant, Herb
- caltha n. “plant, herb”
- côl n. “herb, vegetable, edible plant; wort”
- lauth n. “a plant, herb”
8.54 Root
- tarc n. “root (especially edible roots)”
- tricthon n. “(fibrous fine) root”
8.55 Branch
- clann n. “branch”
- clath n. “small branch, twig”
- eilian n. “branch”
- fripthon n. “stalk”
- ôl¹ n. “forearm; bough”
- olf(in) n. “branch, wand, stick”
- thrimp n. “stalk”
- thripthon n. “stem”
8.56 Leaf
- lass n. “leaf; petal”
- tethlas n. “petal, *(lit.) bud-leaf”
8.565 Thorn
- aith¹ n. “thorn”
- aithog adj. “thorny”
- aithos n. “thorn bush”
- aithr n. “thorn, †sword”
- eg¹ n. “point”
8.57 Flower
- lôs n. “flower”
- lothli n. “floret”
- tess(il) n. “little flower; †maiden”
8.571 Bloom
- glôs n. “flower, best of anything; blooming time, acme, floruit”
- gwethra- v. “to bloom, flourish”
- lost n. “blossom, bloom”
- lûda- v. “to bloom, grow”
- luis n. “florescence, blooming”
- luitha- v. “to bloom, blossom”
8.572 to Sprout, Bud, Blossom
- altha n. “shoot, sprig, scion, sapling”
- calw n. “green shoot, sapling, sprout”
- teth n. “bud”
- tethla- v. “to bud”
- tuig n. “shoot, sapling, sprout”
- tuitha- v. “to sprout, spring, gush”
8.575 Lily
- nâla n. “yellow-lily”
- ninion n. “water lily”
8.599 Flower (other)
- glonthen n. “dandelion, (lit.) eye of the day”
- glo(r)nethlin n. “meadowgold, buttercup”
- hetheglon n. “daisy”
- hum(i)los n. “(red) poppy”
- maloglin n. “yellow song, daffodil”
- malthos n. “butter cup”
- nalairin n. “iris”
- ninconin n. “snowdrop”
8.60 Tree (generic)
- †alwen n. “tree”
- galdon n. “tree”
- orn n. “tree”
8.61 Oak
- dorn(a) [nd-] n. “(holm) oak, ilex”
- grôn adj. “oak, oaktree”
- grondrui n. “oakwood”
- gronduru n. “oakwood (mat)”
- grontholas adj. “oakleaved”
- gronthorn n. “oaktree”
- gronthos n. “oaktree”
8.62 Beech
- deldrinwed [nd-] adj. “beechen”
- deldrogod [nd-] n. “beech nut”
- deldron [nd-] n. “beech (tree)”
- deldron grondolas [nd-] n. “oakleaved beech”
- gronthos deldrinwed n. “oakleaved beech”
8.63 Birch
- cwileg n. “alder”
8.635 Elm
- lalm n. “elm, elm-wood”
- lalmir n. “elm tree”
8.64 Pine
- aigos n. “pine-tree”
- fini(o)s n. “larch”
8.655 Tree (other)
- blantos n. “sycamore”
- codorn n. “*nut tree”
- cwithwiros n. “poplar”
- gwindod n. “elder tree; elderberry”
- mabinos n. “plane tree”
- mabinos gwilbriniol n. “sycamore”
- mavlantos n. “sycamore”
- omlos n. “(horse) chestnut tree”
- ormagodron n. “a (Spanish) chestnut tree”
- padhwen n. “bark”
- soros n. “ash-tree”
- tathrin n. “willow”
8.66 Acorn
- delmos n. “beech nuts, mast [= fruit of beech, oak, chestnut]”
- govin(d)riol adj. “long-acorned”
- gronoch n. “acorn”
- nocha n. “acorn”
- nochinra adj. “long-acorned”
8.67 Vine
- ethl(in) n. “ivy”
- -liont suf. “*tendril”
8.68 Tobacco
- fugla- v. “to smoke (a pipe)”
- fuglas n. “tobacco, *(lit.) smoke leaf”
- fuglathrod n. “pipe”
8.99 Vegetation (other)
- clum(mi) n. “mushroom”
- criscolas n. “holly, (lit.) *sharp-leaf”
- fileg n. “fern”
- pibinaith(ros) n. “hawthorn”
- sempios n. “holly, (lit.) *red-berry”
- tadhos n. “hawthorn”
- tuthlos n. “a teazle”
9.
Physical Acts and Materials
- 9.112 Doer, Agent
- 9.114 Action
- 9.12 Work, Labor
- 9.13 to Work, Toil
- 9.14 to Bend
- 9.16 to Bind
- 9.17 Bond
- 9.19 Rope, Cord
- 9.192 Knot
- 9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat
- 9.22 to Cut
- 9.23 Knife (tool)
- 9.25 Ax
- 9.26 to Break
- 9.27 to Split
- 9.28 to Tear
- 9.29 to Flay, Skin
- 9.31 to Rub
- 9.32 to Stretch
- 9.33 to Draw, Pull
- 9.342 to Press
- 9.35 to Pour
- 9.36 to Wash
- 9.37 to Sweep
- 9.38 Broom
- 9.41 Craft, Trade
- 9.413 Horn, Trumpet
- 9.42 Artisan, Craftsman
- 9.422 Tool
- 9.44 to Build
- 9.45 to Hew
- 9.455 to Poke, Prick, Stab
- 9.48 Saw
- 9.49 Hammer
- 9.51 Beam
- 9.52 Board
- 9.60 Smith
- 9.635 Metal
- 9.64 Gold
- 9.65 Silver
- 9.66 Copper, Bronze
- 9.67 Iron
- 9.69 Tin, Tin-Plate
- 9.71 Potter
- 9.74 Glass
- 9.76 Basket
- 9.81 to Carve
- 9.90 Thing
- 9.91 Be
- 9.943 Fitting, Suitable
- 9.95 Can, May
- 9.96 Easy
- 9.97 Difficult
- 9.993 to Happen
9.112 Doer, Agent
- #-(n)ir suf. “(feminine) agent”
- #-or suf. “agental suffix”
- #-(r)on suf. “agental suffix”
9.114 Action
- cara n. “deed, act”
- cariod(wen) n. “activity”
- carm n. “deed, act, exploit”
9.12 Work, Labor
- drab n. “labour, toil, irksome work”
- drabri adj. “labouring”
9.13 to Work, Toil
- drab- v. “to labour, work; (impersonal) to irk, annoy”
- urtha- v. “to work, wreak, fashion, make, devise”
9.14 to Bend
- cam(m)a- v. “to stoop, bend, bow, cower; to submit”
- caug² adj. “humped, bulging; bent”
- cav- v. “to bend, make stoop”
- cavra- v. “to stoop, cower”
- crictha- v. “to bend”
- crinc adj. and n. “bent and thin; crescent”
- cûn adj. “bowed, bent, concave”
- cuptha- v. “to bend (tr).”
- gwed- v. “to wind, turn, bend (intr.)”
- gwedhweg adj. “meandering, twisting, winding; intricate”
- gwedhwin n. “bend, loop”
- gwedhwion adj. “bending, looping”
- loctha n. “twist, tendril, spiral, coil”
- loctha- v. “to curl (tr.), bend, wind, twine, tie knot, tangle”
- log- v. “to curl (intr.), bend (intr.), wind (twine round anything), twine”
- logrin adj. “curled, curly”
- lonc n. “curl”
- lûgi n. “a wind, a twist; guile, deceit”
- naud adj. “bowed, bent; ashamed, abashed, bashful”
- nud- v. “to incline head, bend face down”
9.16 to Bind
- botheb- v. “to untie, undo, unloose”
- heb- v. “to bind, bind round”
- ther- v. “to tie”
9.17 Bond
- hemp n. “a band, bond; cord”
9.19 Rope, Cord
- laim n. “thong, rope”
- lind n. “twine”
9.192 Knot
- thred n. “knot”
9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat
- drambor n. “thudder”
- palta- v. “to beat”
- throsta- v. “to beat, splash”
- throth n. “beat (of oars, wings, etc.)”
9.22 to Cut
- crista- v. “to slash, cut, slice”
- fag- v. “to cut”
- fagin adj. “cut”
- fanc n. “cut”
- flinc n. “chip”
9.23 Knife (tool)
- crî n. “knife”
- crist n. “knife; slash, slice”
9.25 Ax
- peleg n. “axe”
9.26 to Break
- ractha- v. “to shatter”
- ractha n. “breach”
- rag- v. “to break asunder, burst”
- ranc n. “burst, breach”
9.27 to Split
- †hanna- v. “to mow, cleave”
9.28 to Tear
- ruf- v. “to tear”
9.29 to Flay, Skin
- daf- v. “to strip, flay, peel skin”
- dauth(r)a- v. “to strip, flay”
- pasta- v. “to skin, peel, flay”
9.31 to Rub
- gratha- v. “to rub, scratch, fray”
9.32 to Stretch
- lenu- v. “to stretch, extend in length, trail; ?to approach”
9.33 to Draw, Pull
- cilt n. “jerk”
- ciltha- v. “to tug, jerk (out)”
- hal(a)- v. “to drag, draw, pull”
- halcha- v. “to drag on ground (roughly)”
- halm n. “draught, draft, drawing (of fishes etc.)”
9.342 to Press
- gweltha- v. “to squeeze, press”
9.35 to Pour
- gulta- v. “to pour out (tr.)”
- ultha- v. “to pour out (tr.)”
9.36 to Wash
- fas- v. “to wash”
- fast¹ n. “wash, cleaning”
- fôs n. “bath”
- sô- v. “to wash clean, bathe”
- soth n. “bath”
9.37 to Sweep
- fwegra- v. “to sweep”
9.38 Broom
- fweg n. “broom”
9.41 Craft, Trade
- aurin adj. “made (by craft of hand), wrought, fashioned”
- fimli n. “skill”
- fimlios n. “skilfulness”
- mabol adj. “skilful”
- sôn² n. “craft, skill”
9.413 Horn, Trumpet
- ligin n. “curved horn, trump”
- ligindon n. “blare of trumps”
9.42 Artisan, Craftsman
- finweg n. “craftsman, man of skill”
9.422 Tool
- gaig n. “weapon, tool”
9.44 to Build
- bada- v. “to build”
9.45 to Hew
- flig- v. “to hew”
- pelectha- v. “to hew”
9.455 to Poke, Prick, Stab
- aitha- v. “to prick, sting”
- elta- v. “to draw, tug, lug; to thrust, dig, poke (inward)”
- ilta- v. “to stick in, prod, prick”
- irtha- v. “to peck”
- piectha- v. “to pin, prick”
- tigla- v. “to prick”
9.48 Saw
- thar- v. “to saw (up)”
- tharm n. “saw”
9.49 Hammer
- odrum n. “hammer”
9.51 Beam
- bang n. “staff”
- gontha¹ n. “pillar, stele, memorial”
- talp¹ n. “prop, support”
- talpon n. “a slender pillar”
- taul n. “pillar”
9.52 Board
- thrad n. “a plank, board, shelf”
9.60 Smith
- †tagor n. “smith”
- tagros n. “smith”
- ûr n. “smith”
9.635 Metal
- ger n. “ore, metal”
- gerin adj. “metallic”
- giltha n. “white metal”
- sinc n. “metal”
9.64 Gold
- †culu n. “gold”
- culwin adj. “golden”
- glôr n. “gold”
- glôrin adj. “golden, of gold”
- glôriol adj. “golden, like gold”
9.65 Silver
- celeb n. “silver”
- celebrin adj. “of silver”
- celebriol adj. “like silver”
- celeptha adj. “silvern”
9.66 Copper, Bronze
- tam n. “copper”
- tambin adj. “of copper”
- tambrin adj. “like copper”
9.67 Iron
- ang n. “iron”
- angrin adj. “of iron, iron”
- gais n. “steel”
- gaisin adj. “of steel”
- gaithrin adj. “like steel”
9.69 Tin, Tin-Plate
- ladog n. “tin”
9.71 Potter
- arin(g) n. “kiln”
9.74 Glass
- brin(in) n. “glassy substance”
- celc n. “glass, a glass”
- celchin adj. “of glass”
- celchwed adj. “glassy”
- †celeg n. “glass”
- celegrin adj. “glassy, like glass”
- glint n. “crystal”
- sincli n. “crystal”
9.76 Basket
- colc n. “chest, box”
9.81 to Carve
- cautha-² v. “to shave”
- rimp n. “shred, slice, sliver”
- thas- v. “to shave”
- thasc adj. “shaven”
- thasgim n. “*razor, (lit.) shave-blade”
- thast n. “shaving”
- thastril n. “razor”
- thathri n. “shavings, sawdust”
9.90 Thing
- cith n. “affair, matter, thing”
- nad n. “*thing”
- nath n. “thing, affair, matter”
9.91 Be
- na- v. “to be”
- nast n. “being (abstract); being (creature)”
9.943 Fitting, Suitable
- tauga adj. “suitable, fitting, convenient”
9.95 Can, May
- og- v. “to be able, can”
- ogor n. “might, power, ability”
- ogra prep. “able to”
- ogriol adj. “possible”
- tur- v. “can, to have power to”
9.96 Easy
- trug adj. “easy to handle; convenient, tractable, docile”
9.97 Difficult
- arc adj. “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult”
- archod n. “difficulty”
- diriol adj. “tedious”
9.993 to Happen
- in n. “go, move, turn, occasion”
- lûtha- v. “to pass (of time); to come to pass, occur”
- tunc n. “chance; occurrence; arrival; hit at shooting; luck”
10.
Motion and Transportation
- 10.12 to Turn
- 10.13 to Turn Around
- 10.14 to Wind, Wrap
- 10.15 to Roll
- 10.21 to Rise
- 10.23 to Fall
- 10.24 to Drop
- 10.25 to Throw
- 10.26 to Shake
- 10.31 to Boil (intr.)
- 10.32 to Flow
- 10.33 to Sink
- 10.34 to Float
- 10.37 to Fly
- 10.38 to Blow
- 10.43 to Jump, Leap
- 10.432 Leaping
- 10.44 to Dance
- 10.45 to Walk
- 10.46 to Run
- 10.47 to Go
- 10.48 to Come
- 10.49 to Depart, Go Away
- 10.50 to Fade
- 10.52 to Follow
- 10.53 to Pursue
- 10.54 to Overtake
- 10.55 to Reach, Arrive
- 10.56 to Approach
- 10.61 to Bear, Carry
- 10.62 to Bring
- 10.645 to Wander, Stray
- 10.67 to Push, Shove
- 10.71 Road
- 10.72 Path
- 10.73 Street
- 10.74 Bridge
- 10.75 Cart, Wagon, Carriage
- 10.76 Wheel
- 10.77 Axle
- 10.78 Yoke
- 10.83 Boat
- 10.85 Oar
- 10.88 Sail
- 10.90 Port, Harbor
10.12 to Turn
- drint n. “twist, wrench, turn”
- drintha- v. “to turn (tr.), twist”
10.13 to Turn Around
- gwer- v. “to wind, turn, bend (tr.); to weave”
- gwerb(e)lin n. “top, whirligig, *(lit.) wind-unwind”
- gwert n. “a twist”
- ponta- v. “to turn round, turn back, retrace”
- rictha- v. “to contort, twist, confuse, disarrange, upset”
- rig- v. “to twist, contort”
- rin- v. “to revolve, return, come back; to do again”
10.14 to Wind, Wrap
- cang adj. and n. “tangled, confused, mixed up, awry; tangle, confusion, mêllay”
- canga- v. “to tangle”
- gwith n. “net”
10.15 to Roll
- thol- v. “to roll”
10.21 to Rise
- amra- v. “to go up and down; live in the mountains; roam, wander”
- oros n. “rising”
- rosta n. “ascent, uprising, rising”
10.23 to Fall
- dod- v. “to fall down, drop”
- dodri n. “falling”
- dont n. “fall, bump, drop”
- lantha- v. “to fall onto, settle on, alight”
10.24 to Drop
- glib¹ n. “drop of water”
- lib n. “drop, gout”
- lib- v. “to drip”
- libli n. “small glass; small drop”
10.25 to Throw
- hada- v. “to throw at, aim at”
- hant² n. “throw, cast; turn or move in games”
- hantha- v. “to fling, hurl, aim at, direct”
10.26 to Shake
- cwas- v. “to shake, wag, nod, flap”
- cwast adj. “shaking”
- cwathra- v. “to shake (intr.)”
- paptha- v. “to tremble, quiver”
10.31 to Boil (intr.)
- gwel- v. “to boil; to bubble (intr.)”
- gwelaith n. “boil, bubble”
- gwelc n. “bubble”
10.32 to Flow
- celu- v. “to trickle”
- golaudri n. “deluge, flood”
- gul- v. “to ooze, trickle”
- laud n. “flood; high tide; tide, motion of the sea”
- olod n. “tide, motion of the sea”
- siriol adj. “flowing, fluent, liquid, mellifluous”
- ulna- v. “to ooze”
- ûtha- v. “to emit; to issue”
10.33 to Sink
- nalos n. “sinking, setting, descent, slope”
- num- v. “to sink, decline, slope down, descend”
- thug n. “[unglossed]”
10.34 to Float
- lud- v. “to flow, stream, float”
10.37 to Fly
- biltha- v. “to flutter, flit”
- duil¹ n. and adj. “flight, power of flight; having power of flight, fledged”
- duila- v. “to fly”
- duileg adj. “having power of flight, fledged”
- gwil- v. “to sail, float, fly”
10.38 to Blow
- faf- v. “to puff, blow, pant”
- sûtha- v. “to blow (of wind)”
10.43 to Jump, Leap
- cab- v. “to jump, leap”
10.432 Leaping
- camp n. “leap”
10.44 to Dance
- lalt n. “dance”
- laltha- v. “to dance”
- tanta n. “a dance”
- tinta- v. “to dance”
10.45 to Walk
- bactha- v. “to walk”
- padra- v. “to walk”
10.46 to Run
- lob- v. “to run, gallop (of animals)”
- lobrob n. “gallop; sound of horse’s feet”
- nor- v. “to run, roll”
10.47 to Go
- bad- v. “to travel”
- haitha- v. “to hie, go, fare, walk”
- intha-² v. “to go (indefinite), fare, proceed”
10.48 to Come
- len adj. “come, arrived”
- lendriol adj. “coming, approaching”
- lenthol adj. “coming, approaching”
- lenthos n. “coming, arrival”
10.49 to Depart, Go Away
- hai³ interj. “go!, hence, begone, away”
- haithin adj. “gone, departed, lost”
- haiva interj. and adv. “hence!, begone, be off; (as av.) away, hence, off”
- lith- v. “to go, depart, be over, finish, end, die”
- lithin adj. “bygone, ended”
- mútha- v. “to depart, go, leave; (c. gen.) to leave the place of or time of speaker; to go forward”
- us- v. “to leave, depart”
10.50 to Fade
- cwel- v. “to fade, wither”
- cweloth n. “fading”
10.52 to Follow
- obra- v. “to follow; to succeed”
10.53 to Pursue
- rausta- v. “to hunt, chase, pursue (only in actual sense of following game)”
- rautha- v. “hunt, chase, pursue”
10.54 to Overtake
- croctha- v. “to catch, snare, trap”
10.55 to Reach, Arrive
- raith n. “extent, reach; region, sphere, district; scope”
- raitha- v. “to reach at, reach for; to reach, extend (intr.)”
10.56 to Approach
- artha- v. “to approach”
- lentha- v. “to come towards speaker, approach, draw near”
10.61 to Bear, Carry
- -iof suf. “-bearing”
- tultha- v. “to lift, carry”
10.62 to Bring
- tul- v. “to bring; to come to; †to support”
10.645 to Wander, Stray
- amraith n. “nomand, wanderer (f.)”
- amrod adj. “wandering, living in wilds”
- amrog n. “nomand, wanderer”
- amrog-dorn n. “brown wanderer, gipsy”
- gwada- v. “to wander, roam, travel (far)”
- gwadath(wen) n. “wandering, journey”
10.67 to Push, Shove
- northa- v. “to send rolling, speed”
10.71 Road
- adhwen n. “approach, avenue”
- haig n. “way, road, path”
- mal¹ n. “paved way, road”
- pad n. “[unglossed]”
- paglant n. “a pavement, *paved road or way”
- pagra- v. “to pave”
- pagri n. “pavement”
10.72 Path
- bad² n. “way, path”
- dronn [nd-] n. “race, course, track”
- int¹ n. “way, path, track”
- rada n. “track, path, way”
- taleg n. “(foot)path”
10.73 Street
- lant n. “(high) road, level way, street”
10.74 Bridge
- rantha n. “arch, bridge”
- tram n. “bridge”
10.75 Cart, Wagon, Carriage
- brada n. “wain, waggon, cart”
- drogla n. “cart”
10.76 Wheel
- drô n. “wheel track, rut”
- norn n. “wheel”
10.77 Axle
- tholos¹ n. “axle of a wheel”
10.78 Yoke
- galt n. “yoke”
10.83 Boat
- bent n. “small boat”
- lunta n. “ship”
10.85 Oar
- plados n. “oar”
10.88 Sail
- belon n. “sail”
10.90 Port, Harbor
- gobos n. “haven”
11.
Possession and Trade
- 11.12 to Own, Possess
- 11.13 to Take
- 11.14 to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of
- 11.15 to Hold
- 11.16 to Get, Obtain
- 11.21 to Give
- 11.22 to Return, Give Back
- 11.23 to Restore
- 11.24 to Save, Preserve, Keep Safe
- 11.25 to Save, Rescue
- 11.27 to Destroy
- 11.29 to Spoil
- 11.32 to Find
- 11.33 to Lose
- 11.34 to Release
- 11.41 Property
- 11.42 Wealth, Riches
- 11.46 Treasure
- 11.48 Heir
- 11.51 Rich
- 11.54 Stingy, Avaricious
- 11.56 to Steal
- 11.66 Account, Reckoning
- 11.67 Surety, Security
- 11.73 Gain, Profit
- 11.83 to Trade
- 11.84 Merchant, Tradesman
- 11.85 Market (place)
- 11.88 Dear, Expensive
11.12 to Own, Possess
- gôtha- v. “to possess, have, hold”
- guin² adj. “own, held, possessed”
- guira- v. “to possess”
11.13 to Take
- nab- v. “to take, lay hold of”
11.14 to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of
- clamfa- v. “to grab, claw at”
- gentha- v. “to grip, seize, lay hold of”
- manc n. “grip, grasp, hold”
- manca- v. “to grab, seize”
- nabos n. “seizure”
- naptha- v. “to seize”
11.15 to Hold
- bail n. “sheath, case, cover; pod”
- fâ- v. “to have, hold, possess”
- halthi n. “sheath”
- rôn¹ n. “embrace, clasp”
- rôtha- v. “to embrace”
11.16 to Get, Obtain
- tû- v. “to get, receive, take; to become”
- tuvrin adj. “acceptable”
11.21 to Give
- antha- v. “to give”
- ôn² n. “gift”
11.22 to Return, Give Back
- had- pref. “for-, in return for, back, instead of”
- raina- v. “to return”
11.23 to Restore
- lauthra- v. “to refresh; to revive (intr.)”
11.24 to Save, Preserve, Keep Safe
- gwareth n. “watch, guard, ward; vigilance”
- gwarieg n. “watchman, warden”
- muin¹ adj. “safe, secure”
- muinos n. “security”
- osta- v. “to surround with walls, build up; to fortify, protect; to surround”
- uchirin adj. “secure”
11.25 to Save, Rescue
- gretha- v. “to save, rescue, preserve”
- grethron n. “saviour”
- reth- v. “to save, rescue, preserve”
11.27 to Destroy
- fectha- v. “to destroy, ruin, spoil”
- †fecthir n. “destroyer, slayer; bane”
- teraith n. “waste, ruin, destruction”
- tertha- v. “to devour, destroy”
11.29 to Spoil
- drib- [nd-] v. “to rot, decay, wear out”
- faltha- v. “to strip, despoil, rob, make bare”
- hesc adj. “withered, dead; chilled, chill”
- narcos n. “rot, decay”
- narp adj. “rotten, decayed, corrupt; overripe”
11.32 to Find
- tug- v. “to hit, reach mark; to light on, chance on, find; to arrive; to chance, occur; to suit, fit, be convenient, ‘do’”
11.33 to Lose
- #laith² adj. “*lost”
- laith(r)a- v. “to let slip, lose, mislay, forget; (intr.) to be lost”
11.34 to Release
- blid- v. “to free, rid”
- labra adj. “loose, lax; flapping; weak”
- laptha- v. “to relax, loosen”
- usfeg- v. “to release”
- uthra- v. “to get away, escape”
- uthwen n. “escape, way out, exit”
11.41 Property
- guig n. “piece of property”
- guinoth n. “property”
11.42 Wealth, Riches
- sâd n. “riches, wealth”
11.46 Treasure
- fô(tha) n. “hoard”
- fuis n. “hoard”
- fûn n. “hoard”
- fund n. “hoard”
11.48 Heir
- hilming n. “inheritance, heritage”
- hilmir n. “heir (m. or f.)”
11.51 Rich
- ausin adj. “rich; fortune”
- awsirol adj. “fortune”
- malc¹ adj. “rich, powerful”
- modron¹ adj. “rich man”
11.54 Stingy, Avaricious
- avosaith n. “avarice, money-greed, greed of gold”
- idrisaith n. “avarice, excessive love of gold and gems and beautiful and costly things”
- nauglafel adj. “mean, avaricious, (lit.) dwarf-natured”
11.56 to Steal
- er(e)tha- v. “to isolate; to rob, deprive”
- nig- v. “to steal, creep, do or go by stealth”
- nigla- v. “to thieve, pilfer”
11.66 Account, Reckoning
- tath- v. “to count”
- tathna- v. “to number, count, reckon”
11.67 Surety, Security
- fedhwen n. “treaty”
11.73 Gain, Profit
- gam(m)a- n. and vb. “gain, profit, interest (on moneys), increase; to be profitable, bring in revenue; to gain”
11.83 to Trade
- bag- v. “to sell, trade”
- banc n. “trade”
11.84 Merchant, Tradesman
- badweg n. “traveller; pedlar”
- bagron n. “trader”
11.85 Market (place)
- bageth n. “market”
- bagri n. “wares”
11.88 Dear, Expensive
- bâl adj. “worthy, important; great, mighty”
- idra- v. “to value, prize”
- idra adj. “dear, valued, precious”
- idreth n. “value, dearness”
12.
Spatial Relations
- 12.11 Place
- 12.12 to Put, Place, Set, Lay
- 12.13 to Sit
- 12.14 to Lie, Recline
- 12.15 to Stand
- 12.16 to Stay, Wait, Remain
- 12.19 Quiet
- 12.195 Whisper
- 12.21 to Gather, Collect
- 12.22 to Join, Unite
- 12.221 Together
- 12.222 And
- 12.223 Also
- 12.23 to Separate
- 12.24 to Open
- 12.26 to Cover
- 12.27 to Hide, Conceal
- 12.272 Hidden, Concealed
- 12.31 High
- 12.32 Low
- 12.33 Top
- 12.34 Bottom
- 12.35 End
- 12.352 Point
- 12.353 Edge
- 12.37 Middle
- 12.38 Center
- 12.391 In, Inside
- 12.392 Out, Outside
- 12.393 Across, Athwart
- 12.394 Up, Above, Over
- 12.395 Down, Below, Beneath
- 12.3955 In Front
- 12.396 Behind, At the Rear
- 12.397 Beyond
- 12.398 To, Towards
- 12.399 From, Away
- 12.41 Right (vs. Left)
- 12.43 Near
- 12.44 Far
- 12.46 West
- 12.51 Form, Shape
- 12.53 to Grow
- 12.54 to Measure
- 12.55 Big, Large, Great
- 12.56 Small, Little
- 12.565 Bit, Small Thing
- 12.57 Long
- 12.61 Wide, Broad
- 12.62 Narrow
- 12.63 Thick (in Dimension)
- 12.65 Thin (in Dimension)
- 12.67 Deep
- 12.71 Flat
- 12.72 Hollow, Concave
- 12.73 Straight
- 12.74 Crooked
- 12.75 Hook, Crook
- 12.76 Angle, Corner
- 12.77 Cross
- 12.78 Square
- 12.81 Round
- 12.82 Circle
- 12.83 Sphere
- 12.84 Line
- 12.85 Hole
- 12.91 Equal, Alike
- 12.92 Like, Similar
- 12.925 Different, Other
- 12.93 to Change
12.11 Place
- gar(th) (gardh-) n. “place, district”
- lâ n. “space, room, place”
- pan n. “arrangement, settlement; place, spot”
12.12 to Put, Place, Set, Lay
- pâ- v. “to put”
- panta- v. “to arrange, order, settle; to set, put, place; to write a book”
- sam- v. “to arrange, put together, adjust, settle, reconcile”
- samin adj. “arranged, settled, done”
12.13 to Sit
- hag- v. “to sit, sit down”
- hagra adj. “seated”
12.14 to Lie, Recline
- cum- v. “to lie (down)”
- hau- v. “to lie”
- hautha- v. “to lay, stretch out, lay flat on ground”
- nûda adj. “prone, face down”
- nudin adj. “prone”
12.15 to Stand
- daltha- v. “to erect, set up”
- fast² n. “holder, stand”
- talc adj. “upright”
12.16 to Stay, Wait, Remain
- hadha- v. “to cling, cleave to; (+ dative) to wait on, wait for; abide with patience”
- rô- v. “to remain, stay, stand; to endure”
- rô¹ adj. “enduring, long suffering; quiet, gentle, docile”
12.19 Quiet
- cwîl adj. “quiet, peaceful, gentle”
- gwilb adj. “quiet, peaceful, full of peace”
- gwilm n. “peace, quiet, rest; cessation”
- ilrimog adj. “uneasy”
- maug adj. “silent”
- mugol adj. “taciturn”
- munc n. and adj. “shut mouth, silence, secretiveness; (adj.) mum”
- rim² n. “peace, quietness, calm”
- rim(in) adj. “quiet, calm, peaceful”
- susc adj. “hushed, quiet; abashed”
- suss n. and interj. “hush, sudden quiet; hush!”
12.195 Whisper
- cwira- v. “to rustle”
- cwitha- v. “to murmur, whisper”
- cwithri n. “whisper”
- rui n. “whisper”
- ruitha- v. “to whisper, rustle”
12.21 to Gather, Collect
- crib- v. “to gather, pluck”
- hosta- v. “to gather, collect”
- lactha- v. “(tr.) gather together, collect, amass”
- lag- v. “to gather up, pick up, get”
- lim² n. “sheaf, bundle”
12.22 to Join, Unite
- arthaid- v. “to join”
- fedhra- v. “to unite in a band”
- gad(a) n. “joint, link; small lane, track; isthmus”
- gada- v. “to join, connect, unite”
- gadr n. “joint, link of chain”
- gadu adj. “joined, connected”
- gadweth n. “union, joining; wedding”
- godra adj. “joined, united, joint”
- gofedhin adj. “united, allied, ‘friends’”
- gofedhra- v. “to unite in a band”
- ilt- v. “to yoke, join”
- tag- v. “to fix, make firm, construct”
12.221 Together
- carpa adv. “together, in a bunch, bunched-up”
- criptha adj. and adv. “together, in a bunch, bunched-up”
- go-¹ pref. “together, in one; with”
- gomintha adv. “together”
- mintha adj. “ūna, in one place, together”
12.222 And
- ar² conj. “and, too, besides”
12.223 Also
- arthi adv. “also, as well, besides, too”
12.23 to Separate
- far- v. “to separate, sever, divide; to depart, leave”
- fartha- v. “to divide (tr.)”
- thlid- v. “to sort out, sift, sieve, discriminate”
- thlid n. “sieve”
12.24 to Open
- belin adj. “expanded, unrolled, unfurled, set (of sails)”
- beltha- v. “to open out (transitive), expand, unroll, set sail”
- belu- v. “to unroll, unfurl (intransitively), belly (of sails), swell”
12.26 to Cover
- muthra- v. “to veil”
- telt n. “lid”
- teltha- v. “cover in”
- telthion adj. “roofed in, sheltered, protected”
- tub- v. “to cover”
12.27 to Hide, Conceal
- fuitha-¹ v. “to hide (tr.)”
- tubla- v. “to hide (intr.)”
12.272 Hidden, Concealed
- furion adj. “secret, concealed, hidden”
- nigrin adj. “stealthy”
- tubrin adj. “hidden”
12.31 High
- alw(eg) adj. “lofty (of living things, trees, men)”
- annor(in) adj. “lofty”
- anthor(in) adj. “lofty (of mountains)”
- dâ adj. “high”
- dara adj. “lofty”
- ôl² n. “height, stature”
- ront adj. “high, steep”
12.32 Low
- hamra adj. “lowly, lowlying; base”
- haug adj. “low”
- haugrin adj. “lowly, humble, mean”
- um² adj. “lowlying”
12.33 Top
- ôn¹ n. “crown of head, top”
12.34 Bottom
- clib- v. “to uphold, support; to lean”
- fod n. “end, butt, bottom”
- hôm n. “ground, base, bottom, seabed”
- hum adv. “(right) down, (lit.) to bottom”
12.35 End
- laf n. “loose-end, end of rope, hem of robe”
12.352 Point
- nel n. “point, end, tip, jutting end”
- pleg n. “hedge-stake, stake”
- teb n. “point, nib, neb, nose”
- teg n. “point, dot, spot”
12.353 Edge
- cilm n. “rim, brink, edge”
- raim n. “edge, border-line”
- tast¹ n. “border, fringe”
12.37 Middle
- seg n. “point, middle point”
- segrin adj. “middle”
- segron adj. “midmost”
12.38 Center
- sectha n. and adj. “centre”
12.391 In, Inside
- a(d) prep. “into”
- ba prep. “in”
- bi prep. “in”
- bir prep. “in, within, inside”
12.392 Out, Outside
- edh prep. “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside”
- uf¹ prep. “out of, forth, from”
- ufra adj. “outer”
- ûthi n. “outside”
12.393 Across, Athwart
- adr prep. and adv. “across, athwart”
- adr(a) adj. “lying athwart; situated on far side”
- adros n. “crossing, ford”
- had prep. “facing, opposite, over against; (c. allative) against, instead of, in return for, for, as”
- hadra- v. “to face, oppose, stand in way; to resist, thwart”
- hadra adj. “opposing, facing, opposite; equivalent”
- hadron prep. and adv. “opposite”
- trath n. “passage, ford”
12.394 Up, Above, Over
- am¹ adv. “up, upwards, towards head of, above”
- amon² adv. “uphill, against stream”
- antha adj. “upper”
- anthos adv. “up, above”
- or adv. and prep. “(av.) on, on top; (prep.) on, onto”
- or- pref. “on, onto, up, in addition to”
- ortha adj. “upper”
- orthi adv. “up”
12.395 Down, Below, Beneath
- nal² adv. “down, downwards”
- naldron adj. “lower down”
- naltha adj. “downward, lower, lower-down; (av.) below, beneath”
- nunthi adv. “downward”
12.3955 In Front
- gwintha- v. “to face”
- nod adv. “forward, on, in advance”
12.396 Behind, At the Rear
- abod adv. “again; in return, in exchange; back”
- abont adv. “back; backwards”
- bod adv. “behind, back, of time ago, ‘a while back’”
- bod- pref. “back, again; un- (= backwards)”
- bodra adj. “back(ward), hinder, rear”
- bodron adv. “behind, further back”
- bont adv. “back(wards)”
- obra adj. “close behind (of place), following, succeeding, next behind or after (time or place)”
- pont n. “the back, reverse or far side”
12.397 Beyond
- adron adv. “further, beyond, over; on other side”
12.398 To, Towards
- ar¹ prep. “at; to, towards”
- cint adv. “hither”
- hant¹ adv. “thither”
12.399 From, Away
- a¹ prep. “from”
- bâ adv. “away, off”
- baron¹ [mb-] adv. “from home, out, away, abroad”
- mu¹ prep. “[?] flow; from”
- redhos n. “land”
- restu adj. “out of land, abroad, away from home”
12.41 Right (vs. Left)
- fim adj. “clever, right hand”
12.43 Near
- ar- pref. “beside, along with, compared with”
- art adv. “beside, along side of”
- artha prep. “alongside (of)”
- cî adv. “here”
- ed prep. “close by”
- edhos prep. “just without, close by”
- hath- pref. “close to, by, beside, touching”
- lent adv. “near, close to, up by, along side of; (c. dat.) at, towards, up to side of; therewith, with it, withal”
- sî² adv. “here”
- sith adv. “hither”
12.44 Far
- annai adv. “far away”
- eg² adv. “far away, wide, distant, far off”
- egiont adj. “further, farther”
- egra adj. “distant, far away”
- egros adv. “distant, far away”
- egwed adj. “far, distant”
- entha adv. “there by you, thither”
- hai¹ adv. “there (by him)”
- lenc adj. and adv. “far, distant”
- lenchos n. “distance”
12.46 West
- nûmin adj. “the west, sinking”
12.51 Form, Shape
- benn² n. “shape, cut, fashion, shapeliness”
- bentha- v. “to cut, fashion, shape”
- tab- v. “to cut to shape, fashion”
- tôb(a) n. “shape, cut, fashion”
12.53 to Grow
- altha- v. “to shoot up, grow (high)”
- calon adj. “grown (of plants), budd[ing], in blade (of corn)”
- caltha- v. “to wax, grow, flourish”
- calwed adj. “flourishing, adolescent”
- ganthan adj. “waxen, grown big, grown up, adult, [originally?] large”
- -loth suf. “-grown”
12.54 to Measure
- modra- v. “count, measure”
- modri n. “measurement”
12.55 Big, Large, Great
- beleg adj. “mighty, great”
- gwen(n) adj. “big, large; fine”
- ûmi adj. “large”
12.56 Small, Little
- inc adj. “little”
- inig adj. “small”
- pinig adj. “tiny, little”
12.565 Bit, Small Thing
- pî n. “anything very small, a bit, mote”
12.57 Long
- dîr adj. “long (of time)”
- in(d)ra adj. “long (also used of time)”
- lenwi n. “length, distance”
- sûr adj. “long, trailing”
12.61 Wide, Broad
- egrin adj. “wide, vast, broad; far”
- land adj. and n. “broad”
12.62 Narrow
- fing adj. “narrow”
- fingli n. “narrow place, straits, sound, pass in mountains”
12.63 Thick (in Dimension)
- fabwed adj. “corpulent”
- lubi adj. “corpulent”
- polc adj. “thick, fat”
12.65 Thin (in Dimension)
- glen(d)rin adj. “slender”
- glen(d)rinios n. “slenderness”
- glen(n) adj. “thin, fine, slender”
- glenweth n. “thinness”
- thlind adj. “fine, slender”
- thribin adj. “lean”
12.67 Deep
- dolc [nd-] adj. “deep”
12.71 Flat
- amlad n. “surface”
- blant adj. “flat, open, expansive, candid, blunt (of words)”
- engri n. “flat surface, level, plane”
- lad n. “a level, a flat; fair dealing”
- ladin adj. “level, smooth; fair, equitable”
- ladwen n. “levelness, flatness; plain, heath; plane; surface”
12.72 Hollow, Concave
- cû n. “bow, crescent; the waxing or waning moon”
- cub adj. “hollow”
- dûl [nd-] adj. “hollow”
- rothrin adj. “hollow”
- rûdin adj. “hollow, cavernous”
- tum n. “hollow”
- tumbol adj. “valley-like, hollow, excavated”
12.73 Straight
- tîr¹ adj. and n. “†straight, upright, honest (aj.); esteem, regard, honour”
12.74 Crooked
- craig adj. “crooked”
- fant adj. “crooked, bent, bowed”
- gwegla adj. “crooked”
12.75 Hook, Crook
- crog n. “hook”
- crogin adj. “hooked”
12.76 Angle, Corner
- og² n. “sharp corner”
12.77 Cross
- taru¹ n. “cross; crossing”
- tranc adj. “criss-cross, crossed; cross, at cross purpose, perverse”
- trantha- v. “to cross (tr. & intr.); to mark with a cross”
- †trôn n. “a cross; a crossing”
12.78 Square
- cantrib n. “square”
12.81 Round
- corol adj. “round, circular; rolling”
- crithog adj. “circular”
- crôl adj. “round”
12.82 Circle
- corm n. “ring, circle, disc”
- crithla- v. “to encircle; to circle, go round”
- crithos n. “circle, ring”
- †drinn n. “ring, disc”
- gorin n. “circle of trees”
- grail n. “ring, circle, circlet”
- grileg adj. “ringed, hooped shape”
- rinc adj. and n. “circular; disc, rondure”
- rod n. “tube, stem”
- rodrin adj. “cylindrical”
12.83 Sphere
- cross n. “ball”
- crost n. “lump, ball, cake”
12.84 Line
- raib adj. “scored, striped”
- rib n. “shore; stripe, line; border, fringe”
- ribin adj. “striped, edged”
- rimin¹ adj. “striped, edged”
- tê n. “mark, line; track; path”
- tion n. “a straight line”
12.85 Hole
- dolm [nd-] n. “pit”
- ôth n. “hole, opening”
- sauth n. “a hole, tunnel”
12.91 Equal, Alike
- argulthion adj. “equal, equivalent”
- felectha- v. “to make equal, equalize”
- feleg adj. “equal”
- felegra- v. “to equal”
- felegrin adj. “equable”
- felweg n. “one’s fellow or equal, rival”
- gofel adj. and adv. “exactly alike”
- gofelthi n. “exact similarity”
- gofelweg n. “one’s fellow or equal, rival”
- inco pron. “the same, the identical”
- ladinios n. “equity”
12.92 Like, Similar
- fel prep. and adv. “like; (as av.) as, like”
- feltha adj. “similar, like”
- felthadrin adj. “probable”
- gofeltha adj. “*similar, like”
12.925 Different, Other
- elc adv. and n. “else, something else”
- eleg adj. “other, else”
- elegrin adj. “different, strange”
- elfel adj. “different, like something else”
- prind n. “distinction”
12.93 to Change
- bart¹ n. “change”
- bartha- v. “to change, exchange, alter”
- bridol adj. “changing, varying, variable”
- brigla- v. “to change, vary”
- brigli n. “variation”
- elt¹ n. “change”
- eltha- v. “to alter, change”
13.
Quantity and Number
13.11 Amount, Quantity
- tast² n. “total, amount”
- udathnarol adj. “countless, innumerable”
- udathriol adj. “countless”
13.12 Number
- mod n. “a number, figure”
- modwen adj. “a large number”
- tant n. “a number”
- tathn n. “number”
13.14 All, Every
- gôr adj. “each, all”
- gor-¹ [ng-] pref. “all, altogether, quite”
13.15 Much, Many
- egriol adj. “excessive”
- -lim suf. “many”
- lim¹ adj. “many”
- odog adj. “mighty, great; violent, excessive, exceeding, very”
- odrim adj. “(very) many”
13.16 More
- dai² adv. “very, exceedingly”
- ga- pref. “very, more”
- gaid adv. “more”
- gant adj. “larger, greater, more, (lit.) increased”
- gantha adv. “more”
- odra adv. “very”
13.165 to Add, Increase
- intha-¹ v. “to join to (intr.), add, increase, add to”
13.17 Few, Little
- -(a)vlid suf. “-less”
- inthi adv. “less”
- migin adj. “little”
- miginthi n. “littleness”
13.18 Enough
- fad adv. “enough”
- fadin adj. “sated, saturated”
- fadra- v. “to sate, weary, ‘feed up’”
13.181 Sufficiency
- fadrin adj. “sufficient”
13.19 Crowd, Multitude
- glest [ng-] n. “moot, gathering, concourse, assembly”
- grim n. “host, folk”
- hoth n. “folk, people, †army”
- hûs n. “crowd, heap, pile; very great number”
- lest n. “gathering, assembly, concourse, moot”
- thang n. “a crowd, crush, herd”
13.192 Other Collective Words
- carp n. “bundle, bunch”
13.21 Full
- cwant adj. “the whole, all the (with article); full”
- cwintha- v. “to fill”
13.22 Empty
- nil adj. “empty”
- nilta- v. “to empty (tr.)”
- unt n. “nothing”
13.24 Half
- elef n. “half, half a ...”
- elfeg adj. “half”
- lemfin adj. “halved, in half”
- lemp² n. “half”
13.32 One
- er adj. “one”
- ert adv. “once, once only”
- min num. card. “one, single”
13.33 Alone, Only
- ereg adj. “alone, only”
- ereth n. “solitude, oneness, loneliness”
- erethrin adj. “isolated, solitary, lonely”
- erw adv. “only”
- erwed adj. “unique”
13.34 First
- caithonwed adj. “original”
- thegin adj. “leading, chief”
- thegor n. “chief”
- thegra adj. “first, foremost”
13.35 Last
- fodra adj. “the last, latest, endmost”
13.36 Two
- atha² num. card. “two”
- gadwi n. “twins”
- hethgadwi n. “twins”
13.37 Second (ordinal)
- obin adj. “second, next”
13.38 Double, Twice
- gwi- pref. “twi-, bi-, di-”
13.54 Cardinal Number
- beleth(os) n. “144, a gross; a great number”
- cant num. card. “four”
- elf(in) num. card. “five”
- moth(in) n. “1000; †flock”
- odin num. card. “seven (orig[inally] many)”
- odinthos num. card. “seventeen”
- sath num. card. “ten”
- unthos n. “eighteen”
- uvin n. “eight”
13.55 Ordinal Number
- ungra adj. “eighth”
14.
Time
14.11 Time (period)
- lu n. “occasion, time”
- lûm n. “time”
14.12 Age
- born n. “age, great period”
14.13 New
- brag adj. “fresh”
- brageth n. “freshness”
14.14 Young
- gân adj. “young”
- ganos n. “youth”
- ganothrin adj. “youthful”
- gwioth n. “youth”
- gwiw adj. “young”
- hiltha n. “youth (more often masculine)”
- laibrin adj. “green, fresh, youthful”
14.15 Old
- dribin adj. “worn out”
- gîrin adj. “bygone, old, belonging to former days, olden, former, ancient”
- hôr adj. “old, aged, ancient”
- horoth adj. “age, eld, oldness”
- hortha- v. “to grow old”
- horweg n. “an ancient, old man”
14.16 Early (adv)
- hai² adv. “in good time, punctually, early”
- haidra adv. “timely, punctual, in good time”
- hair adj. “timely, punctual, in good time”
- mau adv. “soon, early”
- maudra- v. “be early, come first; to prefer, to be preferred”
- maudro adv. “sooner, earlier; rather”
- maurin adj. “early, betimes, up early; premature”
14.17 Late (adv)
- fiont(ha) adj. “later”
- fîr adj. “late”
14.18 Now
- gui adv. “just, just now, only just, already”
14.21 Fast, Swift, Quick
- arog adj. “swift, rushing, torrential”
- lint adj. “quick, agile, nimble, light”
- raug adj. “swift, rushing”
14.22 Slow
- idhr(a) adv. “long, a long time”
14.24 to Delay
- bodra- v. “to hinder, delay, tarry”
- gwirth n. “unwillingness, reluctance”
- gwirthol adj. “reluctant”
14.252 to Last
- hadhol adj. “abiding; enduring, constant, faithful”
14.254 Patience, Endurance
- bronweth n. “constancy”
- gulin adj. “patient, enduring, long suffering; (lit.) burdened”
- rôs² n. “endurance, meekness, patience, gentleness”
- rûs n. “endurance, long suffering, patience”
14.26 End (n, temporal)
- telfod n. “final end, the very last”
- telu n. “end”
14.27 to Finish
- carn adj. “done, finished”
- cartha- v. “to finish, make”
- carthion adj. “complete, perfect”
- cranta- v. “to finish, achieve, accomplish, complete”
- fodra- v. “to bring to an end, end, finish; to come to an end, end, finish”
- telu- v. “to close, end, finish”
14.28 to Cease
- gwîl n. “cessation, quiescence, leaving off; quiet, rest, peace”
- gwiltha- v. “to cease, leave off”
- hast n. “waiting, wait, pause, rest, stop”
- hasta- v. “to tarry, wait, pause, stay, stop”
14.29 Ready
- guin¹ adj. “ready, fresh”
- mar(o)n adj. “ripe”
14.31 Always
- bóra adv. “always, ever, continuously”
- bront adv. “perpetually”
- brontha adj. “continual, continuous, unceasing; everlasting”
14.35 Again
- no- pref. “re-, back, again”
14.355 Past, Ago
- dim adj. “past, over, former”
- dimborn n. “the past, past days, olden times”
- dîn adv. “once (up a time), long ago, formerly”
- diradhin adv. “once upon a time”
- in(d)raluin adv. “long ago”
- luin¹ adj. and adv. “gone, past; ago”
14.36 Before (temporal)
- gî(laith) adv. “once, in past”
14.37 After
- no adv. “then, next, again; then, after(wards)”
- nodro adv. “farther on, further forward, later, again”
- nontha adj. “the next, the succeeding (time only)”
- nui adv. “afterwards, again, later”
- nuidro adv. “still later”
- ob prep. “after, close behind (time and place)”
- obron adv. “*next”
14.41 Day
- dana n. “day (24 hours)”
- glâ n. “day, daytime”
- gôl¹ n. “daylight, day”
14.412 Daily
- danoriol adj. “daily”
14.42 Night
- fui n. “night”
- fuitha-² v. “to fall (of night); to grow dark”
14.43 Dawn
- am(b)ros(t) n. “dawn”
- glô n. “sunrise, dawn, daybreak”
- glóna- v. “to dawn”
- haurost n. “dawn”
- hyrost n. “*dawn”
- nuimath n. “‘second twilight’, first signs of dawn”
- obromath n. “the twilight that follows the night, ‘second twilight’, just before dawn”
- orosaura n. “sunrise”
- thegla n. “first lights of dawn”
14.44 Morning
- haidri n. “forenoon, after breakfast”
- maudri n. “early morn before dawn, time before first meal”
14.45 Noon
- authmeg n. “midday, high noon”
- nuiri n. “afternoon”
- obauthri n. “afternoon”
- saidhon n. “noon”
14.46 Evening
- mathwen n. “evening”
14.462 Dusk
- cwelm n. “dusk”
- math n. “dusk”
- mathrin adj. “dusk, dusky”
- mathusgi n. “twilight”
- umboth n. “nightfall”
14.47 Today
- ain² n. “today”
- aindana n. “today”
- aindanathon adj. “today”
- cîrin adj. “present (place or time), modern”
- sinnai n. “today”
14.48 Tomorrow
- nôn n. “tomorrow, the next day on from one mentioned or in thought, the morrow”
14.49 Yesterday
- gîr n. “yesterday”
14.61 Week
- caineglad n. “fortnight”
- ochlad n. “week”
14.71 Month
- ranoth n. “month”
14.73 Year
- fann n. “year”
- lath n. “year”
- rain n. “anniversary, year complete”
- teglath n. “noted year, special year, feast year”
14.74 Winter
- folorin n. “winter”
- Gilim n. “winter”
- Hess n. “winter”
14.75 Spring
- tuil n. “spring”
- tuilir n. “spring(time)”
14.76 Summer
- aust n. “summer”
- ost² n. “summer”
- saiwen n. “summer, midsummer”
14.77 Autumn
- dodri·lassion n. “autumn, *(lit.) falling of leaves”
- lasgweloth n. “leaf-fading, autumn”
- narcolas n. “the fall of the leaf, Autumn”
14.79 Festival, Holiday
- dulwen n. “feast”
14.99 Time (other)
- laith¹ n. “time, the course of time; (properly) lapse”
- laithra adj. “dead and gone, over, former, of yore, forgotten”
15.
Sense Perception
- 15.11 to Sense, Perceive; Sense
- 15.21 to Smell (subj)
- 15.22 to Smell (obj)
- 15.23 Smell (n, subj)
- 15.24 Smell (n, obj)
- 15.25 Fragrant, Good Smelling
- 15.26 Stinking, Bad Smelling
- 15.31 to Taste (subj)
- 15.32 to Taste (obj)
- 15.33 Taste (n, subj)
- 15.34 Taste (n, obj)
- 15.35 Sweet
- 15.37 Bitter
- 15.38 Sour, Acidic
- 15.41 to Hear
- 15.42 to Listen, Harken
- 15.44 Sound
- 15.51 to See
- 15.52 to Look
- 15.53 Sight (subj)
- 15.55 to Show
- 15.56 to Shine, Glisten
- 15.562 Blinking
- 15.57 Bright
- 15.61 Color
- 15.62 Light in Color
- 15.64 White
- 15.65 Black
- 15.66 Red
- 15.67 Blue
- 15.68 Green
- 15.69 Yellow
- 15.70 Grey
- 15.71 to Touch
- 15.72 to Feel of
- 15.73 Touch
- 15.74 Hard
- 15.75 Soft
- 15.77 Smooth
- 15.78 Sharp
- 15.81 Heavy, Weighty
- 15.82 Light, Nimble
- 15.83 Wet, Damp
- 15.84 Dry, Arid
- 15.85 Hot, Warm
- 15.855 to Heat, Be Hot
- 15.86 Cold, Frigid
- 15.87 Pure, Clean
- 15.88 Dirty, Soiled
- 15.89 Sticky; Gum
15.11 to Sense, Perceive; Sense
- (g)leg adj. “keen, sharp, piercing”
- naus adj. and n. “keen-witted, observant; notice”
- nus- v. “to take notice, perceive”
- nuthleg adj. “keen-nosed”
- uista- v. “not to notice”
15.21 to Smell (subj)
- nafra- v. “to nose about in others’ business”
- nuf- v. “to get smell of, perceive scent of, smell (tr.)”
15.22 to Smell (obj)
- drith- v. “it smells, smacks of, savours of”
- fau- v. “to smell, give off a smell”
15.23 Smell (n, subj)
- nufri n. “sense of smell”
15.24 Smell (n, obj)
- faust n. “smell, odour (neither pleasant nor unpleasant)”
- fost n. “odour”
- fostrin adj. “odorous”
- narth n. “odour”
- nûth n. “scent, ‘wind’, odour”
15.25 Fragrant, Good Smelling
- drith [nd-] n. “savour, smell, flavour; suggestion, inkling”
- narthiel n. “fragrance”
- narthol adj. “fragrant, odorous”
15.26 Stinking, Bad Smelling
- faug¹ adj. “stinking”
- folc adj. “evil-smelling”
- gol- v. “to stink”
- golod n. “stink, stench”
- golog adj. “stinking”
15.31 to Taste (subj)
- cautha-¹ v. “to taste (of the taster or person); to get flavour of, perceive, notice”
15.32 to Taste (obj)
- caf- v. “to taste (used of the thing)”
15.33 Taste (n, subj)
- cafwen n. “sense of taste, taste, judgement”
- cauthiol adj. “tasteful, endowed with good taste; discreet, circumspect”
15.34 Taste (n, obj)
- côf n. “savour, smack, odour”
15.35 Sweet
- glais n. “sweetness”
- glis adj. “sweet”
- glisc adj. “fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering”
- glisca- v. “to have a sweet tooth, like sweet things”
- gûri adj. “sweet”
15.37 Bitter
- pigwa adj. “bitter”
15.38 Sour, Acidic
- caura adj. “sour (of milk)”
- paib adj. “sour”
15.41 to Hear
- gima- v. “to hear”
- gimli n. “(sense of) hearing”
15.42 to Listen, Harken
- gimra- v. “to hearken to, listen to”
- gimri n. “hearkening, attention”
- gimriol adj. “audible, noticeable”
- hist n. “listening, attention”
- hith interj. “listen! hark!”
- hitha- v. “to listen, hearken, listen to”
15.44 Sound
- lin- v. “to sound (intr.)”
- lin n. “sound”
15.51 to See
- gwinta- v. “to see”
- thê- v. “to see”
15.52 to Look
- gwar-¹ v. “to watch (all senses), guard”
- gwir- v. “to look (at)”
- gwirith n. “expression, look (on face); look, regard, fixed look; countenance”
- las- v. “to look at, glance at”
- tir- v. “to look (out) for, watch for, await, expect”
15.53 Sight (subj)
- hent n. “eyesight”
- last n. “look, glance, flash of the eye”
- tair n. “look-out, watch, guard; gaze, regard”
- thest n. “sight (sense of); a sight, vision”
15.55 to Show
- santha- v. “to show, declare, point out, make known or clear”
15.56 to Shine, Glisten
- gal- v. “to shine (golden, as the Sun)”
- gil- v. “to gleam, shine pale and silver (as of the moon)”
- glimri n. “sheen”
15.562 Blinking
- gilt n. “a gleam”
- glim adj. “shimmering”
- gwim n. “spark, wink”
- gwimla- v. “to wink, twinkle”
- gwimpel n. “sparkling (n.), scintillation”
- gwinc n. “spark, flash”
- lasta- v. “blink, wink”
- sint n. “spark”
- sinta- v. “to sparkle”
- tinc n. “a flicker, a gleam”
- tintiltha- v. “to twinkle”
- tinwin n. “a small star”
15.57 Bright
- blenc adj. “brilliant”
- galwed adj. “brilliant, shining”
- galwen n. “brilliance”
- glar(os) n. “glare, blaze, splendour”
- glarossiol adj. “dazzling”
- glarosta- v. “to dazzle”
- glarw(ed) adj. “bright, light”
- glass n. “brilliance, clarity”
- glathrin adj. “brilliant, lucent”
15.61 Color
- crui n. “colour”
- cruim adj. “coloured”
- cruith n. “colour, complexion, appearance”
- cwil n. “hue, tint”
15.62 Light in Color
- cwiliog adj. “bright-hued”
- fail adj. “pale, pallid”
- failtha- v. “go pale”
- failthi n. “pallor”
- heth² adj. “white, pallid, wan”
- nimp adj. “pallid”
15.64 White
- gloss adj. “white, clear white”
- glost n. “whiteness”
- †glothrin adj. “white, clear white”
15.65 Black
- colw adj. “black”
- morn adj. “dark, black”
15.66 Red
- carn(in) adj. “scarlet”
- crintha adj. “rosy, pink”
- sen adj. “brown-red, russet”
- sentha adj. “russet”
- torn adj. “sunburnt, swart, dark-brown”
15.67 Blue
- luim adj. “blue”
- nim adj. “pale blue, blue green”
15.68 Green
- laib adj. “green”
- laigos n. “verdure, greenness”
15.69 Yellow
- malogrintha adj. “orange, tawny”
- malon adj. “yellow”
- maltha adj. “golden yellow, rich, mellow”
15.70 Grey
- musc adj. “grey”
15.71 to Touch
- fab- v. “to handle, touch, feel”
- tisc adj. “ticklish”
- tisca- v. “to tickle”
15.72 to Feel of
- leb- v. “to pick, pluck, take or feel or touch with fingers, cull”
- tentha- v. “feel with the feet, walk on tiptoe”
15.73 Touch
- fabli n. “sense of touch”
- famp n. “handling, touching, feeling; stroking, caressing, ‘fuss’; fingering, appraising, assay”
15.74 Hard
- drum adj. “stout, firm, strong”
15.75 Soft
- bless [mb-] n. “grace, kindness, good feeling”
- blethrin [mb-] adj. “gracious, kind”
- muig adj. “soft, gentle”
- muis n. “softness, tenderness, gentleness”
15.77 Smooth
- eng adj. and n. “smooth, level”
- lada- v. “to smooth out, stroke, caress, soothe, beguile”
- lech¹ adj. “smooth, slippery”
- lech² n. “smooth place; slide”
- lethrin adj. “slippery, peril(o)us”
- nûr adj. “smooth, rolling free, easy, easy going”
15.78 Sharp
- aisc adj. and n. “sharp, bitter; sharp edge of a blade”
- aitheb adj. “sharp, piercing”
- aithra adj. “piercing, sharp; thorny”
- crisc adj. “sharp”
- esc n. “sharp point, sharp edge”
- lectha- v. “to sharpen”
15.81 Heavy, Weighty
- gaul¹ n. “burden”
- glum¹ adj. “(over) burdened; dull, heavy, sad”
- gultha- v. “to bear up; to weigh, balance it on scales; to be worth, value or be equivalent to; to endure”
- gum- v. “to lade”
- gûm n. “burden”
- gumri n. “burden (metaphoric), worry, trouble”
- gumriol adj. “burdensome”
- lung n. “heavy; grave, serious”
- lungra- v. “to weigh, bear on, hang heavy”
- luntha- v. “to balance, weigh”
- lunthang n. “balance, scales”
15.82 Light, Nimble
- flidhra adj. “‘willowy’, graceful”
- thlidhra adj. “‘willowy’, gracile”
15.83 Wet, Damp
- glaib adj. “dripping wet”
- nosc adj. “damp, wet”
- ub¹ adj. “wet, moist, damp”
15.84 Dry, Arid
- arp adj. “barren, dry, desert”
- seth adj. “dry”
- sethra- v. “dry up”
- suib adj. “dry”
- suitha- v. “to dry, wipe”
- tarp adj. “dry, stale”
- thisc adj. “dry, waterless”
- thisin adj. “parched, withered”
- thista- v. “to dry up (tr.)”
15.85 Hot, Warm
- cluim adj. “warm, cosy”
- cluimri n. “pleasant warmth, cosiness”
- gauth n. “heat (esp. of body)”
- sair adj. “hot”
- urin adj. “hot, very hot”
15.855 to Heat, Be Hot
- gudh- v. “to be hot (intr.)”
15.86 Cold, Frigid
- gweleb adj. “cool, fresh (esp. of water)”
- helc¹ adj. “ice-cold, icy, cold”
- rî n. “coolness, cool; a sudden breeze or cold breath”
- ring adj. “cool, cold”
15.87 Pure, Clean
- fasc adj. “clean”
- glan adj. “pure, clean, (originally) bright”
- glantha- v. “to cleanse, purify, purge”
- glant(hi) n. “cleanness”
- glanthin adj. “cleanly, pure”
- glanweth n. “cleanliness, purity”
- glanwethrin adj. “cleanly, pure”
- puictha- v. “to clean, wipe out; to condone, do away with, pardon, forgive”
- puidra- v. “to wash, cleanse, soap”
- puig adj. “clean, neat, tidy”
- sôn¹ adj. “pure, clean”
- sovri n. “cleansing”
- sovriel n. “purification (religious)”
15.88 Dirty, Soiled
- morc n. and adj. “stain, smut, black mark; dirty”
15.89 Sticky; Gum
- mim n. “gum”
- thuctha- v. “to adhere to, cleave”
- thugli n. “resin”
- thuith n. “resinous juice; any adhesive substance”
16.
Emotion
- 16.11 Soul, Spirit
- 16.12 Feeling, Emotion
- 16.13 Passion
- 16.14 Care
- 16.15 Wonder, Astonishment
- 16.17 Fortune (Good or Bad)
- 16.18 Good Fortune
- 16.19 Misfortune
- 16.21 to Please
- 16.24 Happy; Happiness
- 16.25 to Laugh
- 16.26 to Play
- 16.27 to Love; Love
- 16.28 Dear
- 16.29 to Kiss
- 16.31 Pain, Suffering
- 16.315 Torture, Torment
- 16.32 Grief, Sorrow
- 16.33 Anxiety
- 16.34 to Regret, Repent
- 16.36 Sad
- 16.37 to Cry, Weep
- 16.38 Tear
- 16.39 to Groan
- 16.41 Hate
- 16.42 Anger
- 16.43 Rage, Fury
- 16.45 Shame
- 16.46 Honor
- 16.47 Fame, Glory
- 16.48 Proud
- 16.52 Brave, Courageous
- 16.53 Fear, Fright
- 16.54 Peril, Danger
- 16.61 to Will, Wish
- 16.62 to Desire
- 16.622 Desire
- 16.63 Hope
- 16.65 Faithful
- 16.66 True
- 16.67 Lie, Falsehood
- 16.68 Deceit
- 16.71 Good
- 16.72 Bad
- 16.73 Right
- 16.74 Wrong
- 16.75 Sin, Impiety
- 16.76 Fault, Guilt
- 16.77 Error, Mistake
- 16.79 Praise
- 16.81 Beautiful
- 16.99 Emotion (other)
16.11 Soul, Spirit
- blaith n. “spirit”
- manos n. “spirit that has gone to the Valar”
- môna n. “spirits of the air”
16.12 Feeling, Emotion
- ist n. “feeling, sensation; notion”
16.13 Passion
- cwibra- v. “to arouse (tr.)”
- cwiptha- v. “to arouse (tr.)”
- ictha- v. “to egg on, excite, arouse, agitate”
- ig n. “excitement, fuss, ado”
- igin adj. “excited, agitated”
- igol adj. “exciting; excitable”
16.14 Care
- hîr n. “care, anxiety; heed”
- hirilwen n. “anxiety”
- hiriol adj. “anxious”
- hirtha- v. “to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind”
- hirthol adj. “careful, attentive”
- sad- v. “to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider”
16.15 Wonder, Astonishment
- elma- v. “to marvel at, admire”
- elm(en) n. “wonder; singular, marvelous or unique thing; something strange”
- el(u)m interj. “think of that!”
16.17 Fortune (Good or Bad)
- brith- v. “to chance”
- martion adj. “fated, doomed, fey”
- mart(os) n. “fate, portion, lot”
- umbart n. “fate”
16.18 Good Fortune
- avos n. “wealth, fortune, prosperity; luck”
- gwalt n. “good luck, any providential occurrence or thought”
- gwaltha n. “fortunate, happy”
- gwaltha- v. “bless, send good luck to”
- gwalthi n. “fortune, happiness”
- gwalweth n. “fortune, happiness”
16.19 Misfortune
- obruith n. “(evil) consequences”
16.21 to Please
- maus n. and adj. “pleasure; pleasant taste, pleasant”
- mav- v. “to like”
16.24 Happy; Happiness
- dairog adj. “merry (of persons)”
- gwîs n. “entertainment”
- ospathol adj. “ebullient”
16.25 to Laugh
- cacha- v. “to laugh”
- cag n. “joke, jest”
- cagri n. “joke, jest”
- cagrin adj. “funny, amusing”
- cagriol adj. “jocular”
- canc n. “laughter, mirth, merriment”
- dairiol adj. “merry (of things), funny”
- dairwed adj. “merry, funny (common)”
- dairwen n. “mirth”
- teilian n. “mockery”
- teilin n. “stunt or jest”
16.26 to Play
- dair n. “play, merriment”
- dairtha- v. “to play, amuse”
- salta n. “a game”
- saltha- v. “play”
16.27 to Love; Love
- grith (grith-) n. “care, attention, affection”
- idril n. “sweetheart”
- mel- v. “to love”
- meleth n. “love”
- melethli n. “darling, sweetheart”
- melethril n. “lover”
- melethron n. “lover”
16.28 Dear
- garth adj. “beloved”
- maimelion adj. “dearly beloved”
- melon adj. “dear, beloved”
16.29 to Kiss
- cailtha- v. “to kiss”
- cailthi n. “kiss”
- mib n. “little kiss, peck”
- mictha- v. “to kiss, bill”
16.31 Pain, Suffering
- bal [mb-] n. “anguish, pain; evilness”
- fesc adj. “itching, irritating”
- fesca- v. “to itch, irritate”
- fess n. “itch, itching”
- ong n. “great pain”
- ongos n. “anguish”
16.315 Torture, Torment
- gaist n. “torment, oppression”
- gaista- [ng-] v. “to oppress, cause great grief to”
16.32 Grief, Sorrow
- gumlaith n. “weariness of spirit, depression, grief”
- necha n. “woe”
- nîr¹ n. “grief, sorrow”
- nîriol adj. “sad, sorrowing”
16.33 Anxiety
- nurn n. “plaint, lament, a complaint”
- nurna- v. “to bewail, lament, complain of”
16.34 to Regret, Repent
- tiglath n. “remorse”
16.36 Sad
- glumri n. “moroseness, sadness”
- naithol adj. “miserable”
- naithonwi n. “misery”
16.37 to Cry, Weep
- naitha- v. “to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for”
- ninios n. “lamentation, dropping of tears”
- ninna- v. “to weep”
- nirnaithos n. “great lament”
- sibra- v. “to weep, whimper”
- sigweth n. “lamentation, weeping”
- sigwithiel n. “lamentation; weeping willow”
16.38 Tear
- nîn n. “tear”
16.39 to Groan
- nur- v. “to growl, grumble”
16.41 Hate
- glâm n. “hatred, loathing, fierce hate”
- glamog adj. “loathsome”
- glamra- v. “to abominate, loath, detest”
- mog- v. “to detest, hate”
- mogri n. “detestation”
- mogrin adj. “hateful”
- sagruin adj. “ferocious; full of hate towards”
- sagruith n. “hatred; revenge”
- thanc n. “loathing, hatred”
- thancol adj. “loathsome”
- tîf n. “resentment, ill feeling, bitterness”
16.42 Anger
- archos n. “savagery, evil temper”
- lur- v. “to frown, scowl”
- lurc n. “a frown, scowl”
- naur¹ adj. “ill-tempered, sour, grumbling”
- naur² n. “a snarl, ugly grin”
- sairin adj. “fiery, fierce”
- torod adj. “fierce, violent”
- udrug adj. “intractable, fierce, untamed”
16.43 Rage, Fury
- gruigarm n. “*deed of horror, angry or violent act, vengeance”
- gruith n. “deed of horror, angry or violent act, vengeance”
- gruithod n. “ferocious wrath”
- gruithodwen n. “ferocity, barbarity”
- gruithog adj. “ferocious, mad with wrath”
- grum adj. “fierce”
- magruluib adj. “bloodthirsty”
- magruluist n. “bloodthirstiness”
- magrusaig adj. “bloodthirsty”
- magrusaith n. “bloodthirstiness”
- orcômin adj. “fierce and bloody minded”
16.45 Shame
- agrech n. “contempt”
- agrectha- v. “to despise, contemn”
- agrectharol adj. “despicable, contemptible”
- agrecthion adj. “despised”
- cactha- v. “to deride, mock, make fun of, laugh at”
- flan n. “scorn”
- flant n. “expression of scorn, leer, sneer”
- flantha- v. “to scorn, utterly despise”
- flanthog adj. “scornful”
- naudra- v. “to abash, to make ashamed”
- rig n. “a snarl, a sneer”
- tefla- v. “to scorn”
- unaudrathrol adj. “unabashed, shameless”
16.46 Honor
- gartha- v. “to admire, have affection or respect for”
16.47 Fame, Glory
- aglar n. “glory”
- aglar(i)ol adj. “glorious”
- †aglath n. “glory”
- emfeg adj. “infamous, of evil name”
16.48 Proud
- cam adj. “bent, bowed; submissive, humble”
- hamra- v. “to abase, abash; to humble oneself”
16.52 Brave, Courageous
- driod [nd-] n. “heroism, valour”
- driodwen [nd-] n. “heroism, valour”
- driog [nd-] adj. “valiant”
- gwionert n. “deed of valour”
- odron adj. and n. “dour, mighty, stout, brave; a brave man”
16.53 Fear, Fright
- barc n. “dread, terror”
- barchol adj. “terrible, awful”
- brig- v. “to fear, be afraid of”
- brigol adj. “afraid; fearful, timid”
- captha- v. “to startle”
- grui adj. “ferocity, horror”
16.54 Peril, Danger
- uchir n. “recklessness; carelessness; security”
- uchirthol adj. “reckless”
16.61 to Will, Wish
- erth (erdh-) n. “wish”
- irm n. “a wish, intention, resolve”
- uir- v. “not to wish, not mean to, mean not to”
- uirol adj. “unwilling, reluctant”
16.62 to Desire
- gwirtha- v. “*to not to wish, not mean to, mean not to”
- irn adj. “desired, wished for”
16.622 Desire
- buin n. “desire, wish”
- mavra adj. “eager after”
- mavrin adj. “delectable, delightful, desireable”
- mavrog adj. “eager”
- mavros n. “desire, eager longing”
16.63 Hope
- hodhir n. “hope”
- hôth (hôdh-) n. “expectation, hope”
- ûna n. “hope”
- ûna- v. “to hope”
16.65 Faithful
- bron(n) adj. “steadfast, firm”
- bronniol adj. “constant, faithful”
- tulug adj. “steady, firm”
16.66 True
- nathrin adj. “real; possible (in sense possible to exist or think of)”
16.67 Lie, Falsehood
- fûr n. “lie”
- fur- v. “to conceal; to lie”
- unathriol adj. “unreal; impossible”
16.68 Deceit
- finc n. “trick”
- fintha- v. “to twist; to deceive, cheat, take in”
16.71 Good
- mai adv. “well”
- maien adj. “better”
- main adv. “better”
- mora adj. “good”
- nogra- v. “to excell, exceed”
- nogrin adj. “excellent, conspicuous”
16.72 Bad
- fecthi adj. “less bad; baddish, naughty”
- fêg adj. “bad, poor, wretched”
- fegla adj. “worse”
- feigien adj. “worse”
- fien adv. “worse”
16.73 Right
- (be)bilfir n. “conscience”
16.74 Wrong
- aul adv. “ill, badly”
- aulin adj. “wrong”
- curdhu n. “sin, wickedness, evil”
- cwarth (cwardh-) adj. “evil, bad, wicked”
- raig adj. “awry, twisted, distorted, perverse, wrong, leering (of face)”
- ulc adj. “bad, evil, wicked”
16.75 Sin, Impiety
- curdhweg n. “sinner [m.]”
- curdhwin n. “sinner [f.]”
- ulcarm n. “sin”
- ulcoth n. “wickedness”
16.76 Fault, Guilt
- aidra- v. “to expiate”
- aidros n. “expiation”
16.77 Error, Mistake
- cinga- v. “to go wrong, get tangled”
- ul- pref. “miss-, wrongly, ill, badly”
16.79 Praise
- belectha- v. “to extol, magnify”
16.81 Beautiful
- benin adj. “shapely, pretty”
- *cli adj. “?attractive”
- gwandra adj. “beautiful”
- gwandreth n. “beauty”
- gwant adj. and n. “beautiful, fair; loveliness”
- gwanthi n. “fairness, beauty; a fair face, pretty”
- maivenin adj. “shapely”
16.99 Emotion (other)
- balc adj. “cruel, evil”
- faig adj. “cruel”
- faigri n. “cruelty”
- ômgulin adj. “patient”
- ômgulwen n. “patience”
- tefra adj. “abject, mean”
17.
Mind and Thought
- 17.11 Mind
- 17.12 Reason, Intelligence
- 17.13 to Think, Reflect
- 17.151 Guess, Suppose
- 17.17 to Know
- 17.171 Knowledge, Science
- 17.18 to Seem
- 17.19 Idea, Notion
- 17.21 Wise
- 17.22 Stupid, Foolish
- 17.24 to Learn
- 17.25 to Teach
- 17.33 Meaning
- 17.34 Clear, Plain (to the Mind)
- 17.36 Secret
- 17.37 Sure, Certain
- 17.41 Purpose, Intention
- 17.42 Cause, Reason
17.11 Mind
- ôm n. “mind, heart, thought”
17.12 Reason, Intelligence
- mablios adj. “cunning”
17.13 to Think, Reflect
- cuctha n. “consideration”
- cucthol adj. “painstaking”
- cug- v. “to ponder, resolve, think, consider”
- cunghol adj. “painstaking”
- cuno n. “care, thought, ‘pains’”
17.151 Guess, Suppose
- naf- v. “to suspect, have inkling of”
- nafa n. “suspicion, inkling”
- nafol adj. “suspicious (subjective)”
- nautha- v. “to hint at, give a hint to”
17.17 to Know
- ista- v. “to know, be aware, perceive, feel”
- sana- v. “can; to know how to; to have knowledge, craft or skill”
17.171 Knowledge, Science
- ais n. “knowledge, wisdom”
- golma n. “lore, wisdom, ancient lore”
- santhi n. “knowledge, experience (in) or skill (in)”
17.18 to Seem
- feltha- v. “to resemble, seem like; to seem likely, be probable”
- felu- v. “to seem”
- ol- v. “to appear, seem”
17.19 Idea, Notion
- finthi n. “idea, notion”
- tung n. “a thought, an idea”
17.21 Wise
- nusimos n. “sagacity”
- nusiol adj. “sagacious”
- tungol adj. “wise, knowing”
17.22 Stupid, Foolish
- fôf n. “fool”
- fofri n. “folly”
- fofrin adj. “foolish”
- gwista- v. “to be ignorant of, not to know”
17.24 to Learn
- godaithion adj. “educated”
- godaithri n. “education, erudition; grammar”
- godaithri(o)n adj. “learned, educated”
17.25 to Teach
- taitha- v. “to teach”
- taithion adj. “educated”
17.33 Meaning
- mecthos n. “meaning”
17.34 Clear, Plain (to the Mind)
- brinc adj. “clear, transparent”
17.36 Secret
- cwist n. “secret”
- dum adj. “secret, not to be spoken”
- fuin¹ adj. “secret, dark; hoarded”
- †maugli adj. “secret, hidden”
- mugwen adj. “secret”
- ruim adj. “secret, mysterious”
- rûm n. “secret, mystery”
17.37 Sure, Certain
- iltanc adj. “unsteady”
- tanc adj. “firm, steady, settled”
- tulga- v. “to make firm, confirm, settle, steady; to comfort”
17.41 Purpose, Intention
- îr- v. “to be willing; to will, intend to, mean to”
- irthod n. “intent, intention, will”
- irthol adj. “intentional”
- mectha n. “goal, intention”
- mectha- v. “to aim at; to intend, mean”
- mutha prep. “will, am going to, am about to”
- sectha- v. “to aim at”
- uthairiol adj. “unintentional, unintended; reluctant”
17.42 Cause, Reason
- caith n. “cause, reason, motive”
- caitha- v. “to make to do or be, cause, compel, induce, bring about”
- caithl n. “source, fount, origin”
- caithos n. “causation”
18.
Language and Music
18.11 Voice
- glin n. “sound, voice, utterance”
- ûm n. “voice”
18.12 to Sing
- dala- [nd-] v. “to sing or ring”
- dólin n. “song”
- glingon n. “song, chanting, chant”
- glîr n. “song, poem”
- lillir n. “a song, lullaby”
- lir- v. “to sing”
- lul- v. “to sing, hum a lullaby”
- lulwi n. “a lullaby”
- rala- v. “to sing, carol, trill”
- rôl n. “a song”
18.13 to Shout, Cry Out
- auba n. “shout”
- gam n. “shout”
- gama- v. “to call, shout to”
- gôm n. “shout, call; name, nickname”
- uptha- v. “to shout”
18.14 Various Cries
- ai interj. “oh!”
- mumla- v. “stammer, gibber”
- mumloth n. “stuttering”
- mumol adj. “stammering, gibbering, inarticulate”
18.21 to Speak, Talk
- pactha- v. “to utter, speak, talk”
- paithri n. “a speech, speech, talk”
- paithron n. “orator”
- paithwen n. “oratory”
- ugwedriol adj. “ineffable, unspeakable, awful”
18.22 to Say
- cwed- v. “to say, tell”
- cwess n. “saying, proverb”
- sara- v. “ait”
18.23 to be Silent
- lithra- v. “to cease speaking, become silent”
- mug- v. “to keep silent, say nothing (about)”
- suthra- v. “to hush, to make or go quiet”
18.24 Language
- idhruglin n. “the language of Men”
- lam n. “tongue, speech”
18.25 Dialect
- Cweneglin n. “*Elvish (Qenya)”
- Goldogrin n. “Language of the Gnomes”
18.26 Word
- cweth n. “word”
18.28 Name
- em adj. “named, called by name”
- embrin adj. “by name, named”
- enn n. “name”
- enos n. “title”
- entha- v. “to name, call, indicate, point out”
- enu- v. “to be called, be named”
- enweg n. “name sake”
- enwiol adj. “nominal”
- gôma adv. “by name, nicknamed”
- gôma- v. “to nickname”
18.311 What
- dos adv. “when”
- dui adv. “where”
18.32 to Answer
- nunta- v. “to assent”
18.41 to Call, Summon
- lempa- v. “to beckon, crook the finger”
18.51 to Write
- tectha- v. “to write”
18.53 Letter of the Alphabet
- taith n. “a letter, mark, sign”
18.56 Paper
- paglos n. “parchment”
- paltha n. “blade (of swords, knives, oars, etc.); wide flat leaf; page of book”
18.57 Pen
- tenc n. “pen, nib”
18.61 Book
- pand n. “bark; book”
- pant n. “arrangement, grouping; book”
18.63 Line
- rim¹ n. “stripe, line; border, fringe”
- tî adj. and n. “straight; line”
18.67 Poet
- #(g)lairin n. “*poem”
- golairin n. “rime, rhyme; riming poem”
- gwaidhi n. “a rime (i.e. the 2 actual rhyming words)”
18.68 Tale, Story
- cwedri n. “telling (of tales)”
- cwent n. “tale, saying”
18.69 Music
- gling n. “music”
- glingrin adj. “musical”
18.70 Instrument
- lintha- v. “to sound (tr.), strike or ring bell, play an instrument”
- linthanin n. “playing or music of instruments”
18.71 Pipe, Flute
- rogli n. “little pipe (especially musical)”
- ross n. “pipe”
- siptha- v. “to whistle”
- thibin n. “flute”
- thibindon n. “flute-playing”
- thibinweg n. “piper”
- thimli n. “whistle, piccolo”
- thimp n. “the stop on a flute”
- thimpa- v. “to play a flute or whistle”
- thimpion n. “a piper”
- tif- v. “to whistle”
- tifin n. “small flute”
- timp n. “hoot, note of a flute”
18.72 Harp, Lute
- salum n. “*harp”
18.73 Bell, Ringing
- lang- v. “to blare, clang, ring”
- langon n. “great bell”
- ‽nelu- v. “ring (tr. & intr.)”
- timpa- v. “to ring, jingle, tinkle”
- timpi n. “little bell”
19.
Social Relations
- 19.11 Country, Nation
- 19.13 Country (vs. Town)
- 19.14 Region, Territory
- 19.15 Town, City
- 19.16 Village
- 19.17 Boundary
- 19.21 People, Populace
- 19.22 a People, Nation
- 19.23 Tribe, Clan, Family
- 19.31 to Rule, Govern
- 19.32 King
- 19.33 Queen
- 19.35 Prince
- 19.36 Noble, Nobleman
- 19.41 Master
- 19.412 Lady
- 19.42 Slave
- 19.44 Free
- 19.51 Friend
- 19.52 Foe, Enemy
- 19.53 Companion
- 19.55 Stranger
- 19.56 Guest
- 19.58 to Help, Aid
- 19.62 Strife, Quarrel
- 19.65 to Meet
19.11 Country, Nation
- dôr [nd-] n. “land, country (inhabited), people of the land”
19.13 Country (vs. Town)
- nandri n. “the country (as opposed to town)”
- nandriol adj. “rustic, rural”
19.14 Region, Territory
- bardha n. “realm”
- hermin n. “realm, tutelage”
- malcos n. “lordship, power, a province or principality”
19.15 Town, City
- ost¹ n. “enclosure, yard; town”
19.16 Village
- baros [mb-] n. “hamlet”
- †pel suf. “village, hamlet, -ham”
19.17 Boundary
- cortheb n. “bounds, boundary”
- farn n. “mark, boundary; shore”
- faroth n. “boundary”
- hebon adj. “bound; (also) bounded, surrounded”
- hebrim n. “bound(ary)”
- hebwirol adj. “circumspect”
- pelu- v. “to fence, enclose”
- pless n. “hedge, fence”
- tath n. “hedge, fence”
19.21 People, Populace
- gadorwen n. “society”
- gados n. “union, association, fellowship”
- gomod n. “companionship, living together; community, fellowship”
- gwaith¹ n. “people”
- lî n. “folk, many people, ‘they’, a crowd of folk”
- lieg n. “the folk, the citizens”
- lieglest n. “a folk moot”
19.22 a People, Nation
- gweithiad n. “nation, folk”
- -thlim suf. “race, folk”
- thlim n. “race, kind, species, sort”
19.23 Tribe, Clan, Family
- fo n. “a clan”
- geth¹ n. “clan, kindred, folk”
- in- pref. “house of”
- nothri n. “family, kinship”
19.31 to Rule, Govern
- bardha- v. “to rule, reign”
- gomaithri n. “government”
- herma n. “protection, lordship, sway”
- maith n. “rule, power, permission”
- maitha- v. “to rule, govern, wield control, hold”
- maithog adj. “having control”
- maithri n. “control”
- turm n. “authority, rule; strength”
19.32 King
- bridhon n. “king, prince”
- tûr n. “king”
- turioth n. “kingship”
19.33 Queen
- bridh(n)ir n. “queen, princess”
- turwin n. “queen”
19.35 Prince
- hiril n. “princess, †queen”
- turinthi n. “princess”
19.36 Noble, Nobleman
- malcrin adj. “lordly, noble, mighty”
- mandra adj. “noble”
- nothrin adj. “highborn noble”
19.41 Master
- bridhweg n. “liege (m.)”
- bridhwig n. “liege (f.)”
- gwir¹ n. “master, lord, possessor”
- hermon n. “lord”
- hiros n. “guardian, overseer, lord, master”
- indor n. “master (of house), lord”
- malc² n. “lord”
19.412 Lady
- gwiniel n. “lady”
19.42 Slave
- drog n. “slave, thrall, servant”
- drogod n. “slavery, bondage, thraldom”
- drogwed adj. “servile, slavish; base, mean”
- drogwin n. “slave woman”
- guinir n. “slave”
- guinog n. “chattel”
19.44 Free
- balt adj. “rid, soluit, free”
- faidwen n. “freedom”
- faina- v. “to get free”
- fair adj. “free, unconstrained”
- fairtha- v. “to set free, release”
- fairthos n. “liberty”
- faith n. “liberty”
- faithir n. “liberator, Saviour”
- fegrin adj. “free”
19.51 Friend
- fedhin n. and adj. “bound by agreement; ally, friend”
- ged n. “kinsman†; friend, chum”
- gedfel adj. “friendly, affable, amiable”
- gedweth n. “kinship†, friendship”
- gethli n. “friendship”
- gethlir n. “friend; †kinswoman”
- gofedhrog n. “ally”
- gwesol adj. “affable”
19.52 Foe, Enemy
- forog n. “enemy”
19.53 Companion
- gadron n. “fellow, associate”
- gomodril n. “companion, associate, fellow (f.); nun”
- gomodron n. “companion, associate, fellow; monk”
- gwar(e)dhir n. “f. companion, comrade”
- gwar(e)dhon n. “m. companion, comrade”
19.55 Stranger
- far(o)n adj. “separate, different, strange”
- faronwed adj. “foreign”
- faronweg n. “foreigner (m.)”
- faronwin n. “foreigner (f.)”
- gwâd n. “stranger, foreigner, traveller”
- lenweg n. “‘arrival’, a stranger”
- sarothod n. “voyager, seafarer, (lit.) foreigner from overseas”
19.56 Guest
- gwes- v. “to greet, welcome”
- gwest¹ n. “greeting, welcome, salute”
- gwesta- v. “to entertain”
- gwethlir n. “song of welcome”
- gwethrin adj. “welcome, acceptable”
- gwirn adj. “unwished for, unwelcome”
- maiwest n. “welcome”
- maiwethrin adj. “welcome”
19.58 to Help, Aid
- grest n. “succour, salvation”
- gresta- v. “to aid, help, succour, support”
- grith- v. “to attend to, tend, care, care for, mind”
- grithonwed adj. “thoughtful, careful; unselfish”
- rest¹ n. “aid, support, help”
- resta- v. “to support, to aid”
- talpa- v. “to prop up, buttress up”
19.62 Strife, Quarrel
- farc n. “split, crack; division, quarrel”
- glamri n. “bitter feud”
19.65 to Meet
- glesta- v. “to gather”
- golesta- v. “to gather (intr.)”
- gwalest n. “concourse, moot, folkmote”
- lesta- v. “to gather, assemble, meet (intr.)”
20.
Warfare and Hunting
20.11 to Fight
- sactha- v. “to fight”
20.12 Battle
- gothwen n. “battle”
- macha n. “slaughter, battle”
- magru n. “slaughter, battle”
20.13 War
- goth n. “war, strife”
- gothri n. “warfare”
- gothriol adj. “warlike”
20.14 Peace
- gothwilm n. “armistice”
- gwilthi n. “peace”
20.15 Army
- hothri n. “army”
20.17 Soldier
- †aith(i)or n. “warrior, swordsman”
- aithrog n. “warrior”
- aithron n. “warrior, †swordsman”
- aithweg n. “warrior”
- †drio [nd-] n. “hero, warrior”
- driodweg [nd-] n. “hero, warrior”
- ecthor n. “warrior, swordsman”
- gothweg n. “warrior”
- gothwin n. “amazon”
- mort n. “warrior, champion, hero; man; †sword, †shepherd”
20.20 Captain
- hothron n. “captain”
20.24 Bow
- brant² n. “bow (for shooting)”
- cwing n. “bow”
- cwingfim adj. “skilled at archery”
- cwingfimli n. “skill at archery”
- cwinglios n. “archery”
- cwingron n. “archer”
20.25 Arrow
- feng n. “arrow, war arrow”
- fengvain n. “quiver”
- fengwathil n. “arrow feathering”
- gothfeng n. “(war-)arrow, a great arrow; an arrow sent as a summons to war”
- piligwathil n. “feathering of an arrow”
- pilon n. “arrow, dart”
20.26 Spear
- engan n. “spear”
- hadang n. “javelin, (lit.) hurling iron”
20.27 Sword
- aith² n. “sword”
- ectha n. “sword”
- falchon n. “great two-handed sword, twibill”
- magli n. “great sword”
20.32 Corslet, Breastplate
- ammos n. “byrne, hauberk, cuirass”
20.33 Helmet
- cathor n. “helmet, (lit.) head-ward”
20.35 Fortress
- grann n. “strong place, fort; walled town, city”
20.36 Tower
- est(i)rin n. “pinnacle, tower”
- gwarestrin n. “watch-tower”
- mindon n. “tower”
- tirin n. “watch-tower, turret, tower”
20.41 Victory
- abair n. “victory”
20.45 Retreat
- nam- v. “withdraw, draw out, draw back, take back; (intr.) withdraw, retire”
21.
Law and Judgment
21.12 General Law
- fedhir n. “law; (properly) bond, convention, agreement”
- fedhwed adj. “lawful”
- sôm n. “law, custom, rule”
21.14 Lawyer
- fedhirweg n. “lawman, lawyer”
21.162 to Decide
- lanc n. “chance; pick, choice, selection”
- pridu- v. “to decide”
- thaig n. “choice”
- thaigra adj. “choice, select, elegant”
- thig- v. “to pick out, select, choose”
- thinc n. “a pick, a choice; a bunch, posy”
21.17 Judgment
- pridwen n. “judgment”
21.18 Judge
- pridwir n. “judge”
21.25 Oath
- fedhril n. “one bound by oath [f.]”
- fedhrog n. “one bound by oath”
21.37 Penalty, Punishment
- bodruith n. “revenge”
- hadruith n. “revenge”
- hadruithog adj. “thirsting for vengeance”
- hadruithol adj. “vengeful”
- obaidra- v. “to expiate (crime), avenge”
21.38 Fine, Settlement
- samri n. “arrangement”
- samtha- v. “to settle a matter legally”
21.395 Exile, Outlaw
- nifedhin adj. and n. “outlaw, outcast”
- uf(f)edhin adj. and n. “outlaw, outcast; one who changes his clan and goes to a new kinship”
21.41 Crime, Misdeed
- ufedhron n. “lawless man”
- ufedhwed adj. “lawless”
22.
Religion and Beliefs
- 22.11 Religion
- 22.12 God
- 22.13 Temple
- 22.19 Holy, Sacred
- 22.23 to Bless
- 22.31 Heaven
- 22.32 Hell
- 22.35 Demon, Evil Spirit
- 22.37 Idol
- 22.42 Magic, Witchcraft, Sorcery
- 22.43 Witch, Sorceress
- 22.431 Sorcerer, Wizard
- 22.44 Elf, Fairy
- 22.441 Dryad, Nymph
- 22.442 Dwarf
- 22.445 Goblin, Monster
- 22.446 Orc, Goblin
- 22.447 Dragon
- 22.45 Ghost, Specter, Phantom
- 22.46 Guardian Spirit
- 22.47 Omen
22.11 Religion
- aist n. “reverence, awe”
- aista- v. “to revere”
- aistog adj. “holy, revered, awful”
22.12 God
- ain¹ n. “god”
- ainil n. “(female) god”
- ainos n. “(male) god”
- Ban¹ n. “god, one of the Valar”
- Gwala n. “one of the gods”
- Gwalon n. “male god”
- Gwalthir n. “female god”
22.13 Temple
- alc(hor) n. “shrine, fane, temple”
- gorthin n. “fane, temple”
22.19 Holy, Sacred
- †air(in) adj. “holy, sacred”
- mani adj. “good (of men and character only), holy”
22.23 to Bless
- list n. “grace, favour, kindness”
- lista- v. “to bless”
22.31 Heaven
- daimoth n. “heaven”
- ilbar n. “heaven, the uttermost region beyond the world”
22.32 Hell
- band n. “hell”
22.35 Demon, Evil Spirit
- graug n. “demon”
22.37 Idol
- dungort n. “(evil) idol”
- gort n. “idol”
22.42 Magic, Witchcraft, Sorcery
- curu n. “magic”
- curusôn n. “witchcraft”
- curuthli n. “enchantments, sorcery”
- thairin adj. “magic”
- thairiniol adj. “magical”
- thoth n. “spell, evil enchantment of magic”
- thothri n. “black magic”
22.43 Witch, Sorceress
- curus n. “witch”
22.431 Sorcerer, Wizard
- curug n. “wizard”
- thothweg n. “wizard”
- throthriol n. “wizardous”
22.44 Elf, Fairy
- Cwenn n. “Elf”
- Egla n. “fairy, (lit.) being from outside”
- Golda [ng-] n. “Gnome, wise one”
- Goldrin adj. “Gnome”
- golweg n. “*Gnomish man”
- golwin n. “*Gnomish woman”
- im n. “fairy”
- inweg n. “*fairy (male)”
- inwin n. “*fairy (female)”
- tilithli n. “little elf”
- tilithril n. “f. elf”
- tilithrin adj. “elfin”
- tilithron n. “m. elf”
22.441 Dryad, Nymph
- flathwin n. “foam fay”
- gwingil n. “foam maiden, mermaid”
- nendil n. “waterfay”
- nermil n. “a fay that haunts the meadows and riverbanks”
- tavor n. “wood fay”
22.442 Dwarf
- naug n. “dwarf”
- naugla adj. “of or belonging to the dwarves”
- naugli n. “dwarf”
22.445 Goblin, Monster
- ulvon n. “*monster, giant”
22.446 Orc, Goblin
- orc n. “goblin”
22.447 Dragon
- fuithlug n. “dragon (who guards treasure)”
- gunn n. “?dragon”
- lingwir n. “dragon”
- uluch n. “she-dragon”
- ulug¹ n. “dragon”
22.45 Ghost, Specter, Phantom
- ûl n. “a ghost”
22.46 Guardian Spirit
- sulus n. “air-spirit”
22.47 Omen
- laur adj. “threatening, foreboding, darkling”
23.
Grammar
23.1 Article
- i article. “the”
23.2 Negation
- il- pref. “the opposite, the reversal”
- ni prep. “without (both senses)”
- u- pref. “negative prefix”
- û- v. “not to be, not to do”
- u adv. “no, not, nor”
- ub² adj. “no, none”
- ug- v. “negative verb”
- umir n. “nobody, no one (fem.)”
- untha adj. and adv. “no, none”
- unweg n. “nobody, no one”
23.3 Preposition
- a(n) prep. “of”
- da prep. “?with, into”
- heb prep. “round about, around”
- ir prep. “dative and allative”
- ma prep. “with instrument or by agent”
- na prep. “of (the)”
- od¹ prep. “at, up to, against”
23.4 Pronoun
- a-¹ pron. “it, they; 3rd-person pronoun”
- atha¹ pron. “they, 3rd pl. pronoun”
- deg pron. “what (n[euter])”
- dir pron. “who (f.)”
- don pron. “who”
- en pron. “that by you, that already mentioned (by you), that past”
- fi- pron. “you, 2nd-person singular”
- gwe- pron. “you (plural), 2nd-plural pronoun”
- im¹ pron. “I”
- irtha pron. “her”
- ith² n. “anything”
- ithog adj. “any”
- ithrin adj. “of any kind”
- ithweg n. “anyone”
- madheg n. “something”
- madhin adj. “some”
- madhir n. “someone (f.)”
- madhon n. “someone (m.)”
- me- pron. “we, 1st-plural pronoun”
- ni- pron. “I, 1st-singular pronoun”
- on pron. “he”
- ontha pron. “his”
- ost³ pron. “yourselves”
- oth pron. “ye”
- sitha² adj. “this”
- thas pron. “thy”
- um¹ pron. “we”
- unc¹ pron. “ourselves”
23.5 Noun Inflection
- -a suf. “genitive suffix”
- #-c suf. “noun or adjective suffix”
- -chi suf. “dim[inutive] suffix”
- -i suf. “dative suffix”
- -in¹ suf. “plural suffix”
- #-la² suf. “noun suffix”
- #-li suf. “noun suffix”
- -n suf. “genitive suffix”
- #-od suf. “noun suffix”
- -odro(n) suf. “augmentative”
- -th suf. “plural suffix”
- †-tt suf. “dual”
- -wi¹ suf. “dual”
23.6 Verb Inflection
- #-la¹ suf. “verbal suffix”
- -r¹ suf. “plural in verbs”
23.7 Comparative, Intensive
- a-² pref. “?”
- ach adv. “too, *excessively”
- agra adj. “extreme, vehement, excessive”
- agros adv. “excessively, too; excess”
- -inci suf. “diminutive superlative”
- -inthir suf. “diminutive”
- -iont(ha) suf. “*superlative”
- -wen² suf. “*augmentative”
23.8 Conjunction
- el conj. “or”
- eltha adv. “or, otherwise”
- far adv. “yet, however”
- í pron. “indefinite indeclinable relative particle”
- li prep. “with; and”
23.9 Affix
- -glin suf. “suffix in the name of languages”
- -in² suf. “adjective ending”
- #-(i)ol suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-(i)on suf. “adjectival suffix”
- #-og suf. “adjectival suffix”
- #-og² suf. “agental suffix”
- #-on suf. “noun suffix”
- -onta suf. “superlative”
- #-os¹ suf. “abstract noun”
- #-(o)th suf. “abstract noun”
- #-ra¹ suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-ra² suf. “verb suffix”
- #-ri suf. “abstract noun”
- #-(r)in suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-r(i)ol suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-st suf. “noun suffix”
- #-tha¹ suf. “verb suffix”
- #-tha² suf. “noun or adjective suffix”
- #-thi¹ suf. “noun suffix”
- -thlib suf. “-ly or -like”
- *-thol suf. “adjective suffix”
- *-uin suf. “*noun suffix”
- -(u)m suf. “?indefinite suffix”
- #-wed suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-wen¹ suf. “noun suffix”
- #-weth suf. “noun suffix”
- #-wi² suf. “noun suffix”
23.99 Grammar (other)
- godaithrinwed adj. “grammatical”