Eldamo : Quenya : car-

Q. car- v. (basic-verb) “to do, make” (Category: to Do, Make)

Q. car-, v. (basic-verb) “to do, make, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] build” (Category: to Do, Make)

Car- is the Quenya verb for “do, make”, derived from the root √KAR of the same meaning, and was very well established in Tolkien’s mind. ᴱQ. karin “I do, make” dates back all the way to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), and appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings thereafter. Tolkien frequently used car- in examples of conjugating basic verbs, so the inflections of car- are pretty representative of Tolkien’s evolving notations of the Quenya verb system.

The English verb “do” has many specialized functions, such as in the formation of questions like “do you want to go?”. Quenya car- does not share many of those functions. Quenya car- serves as a “generic action” verb, in some sense acting like verbal pronoun, which can be substituted for a more specific verb. For example, in phrases like A carnë ta yallë B (carnë) “A did that as / like B (did)” (PE17/74) or ecuva nin carë sa nöa “I may do that tomorrow” (VT49/20), the verb car- is a placeholder for the specific action done, in the same way that ta and sa is a pronominal placeholder for the action as a noun.

The English verb “do” often requires a generic object like “it”, but that is not the case for Quenya car-: consider English “don’t do it” [with object] vs. Quenya áva carë [without object] (WJ/371) or the Quenya phrase á carë ancárië “try harder” (PE17/94), more literally “*do [it] with more doing”. When car- has a specific direct object, it generally has the sense “make” or “build”, as in ma caruvalwë ohta “shall we make war” (PE22/161) or i carir quettar ómainen “those who form [make] words with voices” (WJ/391).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had ᴹQ. karin “I make, build” under the root ᴹ√KAR {“make, do” >>} “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR), and in this period kar- was more often glossed “make” rather than “do”, such as in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948. It could be that in the 1930s and 40s this verb was more limited in sense than it was earlier and later.

References ✧ NM/239; PE17/58, 68, 74, 94, 129, 132, 144; PE22/152, 154-155, 161-162, 167; VT39/20; VT41/13, 17; VT42/33-34; VT43/15, 26; VT49/16, 20, 34; WJ/371, 391

Variations

kar- ✧ PE22/152; VT39/20 (#kar-)

kāren ‽ later [past form] to avoid clash with carne “red” ✧ PE22/152

Changes

karuvala >> karuvaila ✧ PE22/155

Inflections

karil(y)a	active-participle		✧ PE22/152: aorist act[ive adj.]
karila	active-participle	“doing”	✧ PE22/155
care	aorist	“make”	✧ PE17/144
care	aorist	“*done”	✧ VT43/15
care	aorist		✧ VT49/16
cari-	aorist	“make”	✧ VT43/26: stem
kare	aorist		✧ PE17/94; PE17/132
kare	aorist	“to do”	✧ VT42/34
karimmo	aorist 1st-dual-exclusive		✧ PE17/132
karilmo	aorist 1st-dual-inclusive		✧ PE17/132
karilme	aorist 1st-pl-exclusive		✧ PE17/129: a merge of exclusive and inclusive forms [as part of Tolkien’s attempt to justify Frodo using -lmo in the first edition of The Lord of the Rings]
karimbe	aorist 1st-pl-exclusive		✧ PE17/132
karilme	aorist 1st-pl-inclusive		✧ PE17/132
karin	aorist 1st-sg	“I make”	✧ PE22/152: aor.
karin(ye)	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE17/132
karillo	aorist 2nd-dual		✧ PE17/132
karistar	aorist 2nd-dual-honorific		✧ PE17/132
karille	aorist 2nd-pl		✧ PE17/132
kariltar	aorist 2nd-pl-honorific		✧ PE17/132
karitar	aorist 2nd-sg-honorific		✧ PE17/132
carilye	aorist 2nd-sg-polite	“you do”	✧ PE17/58
karil(ye)	aorist 2nd-sg-polite		✧ PE17/132
karisto	aorist 3rd-dual		✧ PE17/132
karinte	aorist 3rd-pl		✧ PE17/132
karis	aorist 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/129
karis	aorist 3rd-sg	“he is ... to do”	✧ PE22/162
karis(se)	aorist 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/132
karis-	aorist 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/129
karit	aorist dual		✧ PE17/132
karir	aorist plural		✧ PE17/132
karir	aorist plural	“form”	✧ WJ/391
carilta	aorist plural with-pl-object		✧ VT43/26
carires	aorist plural with-sg-object		✧ VT43/26
carita	aorist with-pl-object		✧ VT43/26
caris	aorist with-sg-object; object-suffix-only		✧ VT43/26
caruva	future	“shall make”	✧ PE17/144
karuvalwe	future 1st-pl-inclusive	“we [shall] make”	✧ PE22/161
caruvan(ye)	future 1st-sg	“I am going to do/shall do (it)”	✧ PE22/167
kăruvn(ye)	future 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: fut.
karuvas	future 3rd-sg		✧ PE22/162
karuvaila	future-participle		✧ PE22/152; PE22/155
karuvala	future-participle		✧ PE22/155
kăruvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/152
karie	gerund		✧ PE17/68: general infinitive
kărie	gerund	“doing”	✧ PE22/152
cara	imperative	“*done”	✧ VT43/15
care	infinitive	“do”	✧ VT49/34
kar-e	infinitive	“do, make”	✧ PE22/152
kare	infinitive	“(to) do”	✧ PE17/68: simplest aorist infinitive
kare	infinitive		✧ PE22/152
kare	infinitive	“doing”	✧ PE22/154
kare	infinitive	“do”	✧ VT49/20
kare	infinitive	“do [it]”	✧ WJ/371
añkárie	intensive gerund		✧ PE17/94
karita	particular-infinitive	“to do (in this case)”	✧ PE22/154
karita	particular-infinitive	“to do”	✧ VT41/17; VT42/33
karitalya(s)	particular-infinitive 2nd-sg-polite-poss with-sg-object	“your doing (it)”	✧ PE22/154; VT41/17; VT42/33
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object		✧ PE22/154
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“to do it”	✧ VT41/13
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“to do so”	✧ VT41/13
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“doing it”	✧ VT41/17
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“doing this”	✧ VT42/34
carina	passive-participle	“*done”	✧ VT43/15
karina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/152: aor. passive adj.
carne	past	“did make”	✧ PE17/144
karne	past	“did”	✧ PE17/74
karne	past		✧ PE22/152
karnen	past 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: past
kāren	past 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152
carnes	past with-sg-object; object-suffix-only		✧ NM/239
akárienye	perfect 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: perf.
karnelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/152
kárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/152
káriéla	perfect-participle; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/152; PE22/155
kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE17/68: a past form [of the passive participle?]; rare; [it seems to be formed form the perfect (a)kárie]
kari-nwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE17/68: simple past passive participle
cára	present	“am making”	✧ PE17/144
káranye	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: pres. cont

Element In

ᴺQ. ahtar- “to do back, react; ⚠️to requite, avenge”
ᴺQ. !ascarë “easily done”
ᴺQ. !atacar- “to revenge, (lit.) back-make”
ᴺQ. !cacar- “to continue, *keep on doing”
ᴺQ. ^carasta “making, manufacture, construction”
ᴺQ. !cariquetta “verb”
ᴺQ. !maicarindo “benefactor”
ᴺQ. !ocar- “to cooperate, work together, participate”
ᴺQ. !tercara “thorough, elaborate, comprehensive”
ᴺQ. !ulcarindo “evil-doer”
ᴺQ. !yocar- “to assemble, compose, construct”
Q. á carë (sí) ancárië “try harder” ✧ PE17/94; PE17/94
Q. á carë (sí) ancárië “try harder” ✧ PE17/94; PE17/94
Q. ahtar- “to do back, react; to requite, avenge”
Q. alacarna “well-done, well-made”
Q. carda “deed” ✧ PE22/152 (karda)
Q. -carë “action, doing, making”
Q. cárima “feasible, possible (to do), able to be done”
Q. carma² “tool, implement, means, weapon” ✧ PE22/152 (karma)
Q. carmë “production, making; structure; art”
Q. #-carya “-doing”
Q. hrúcarë “evil-doing”
Q. na carë indómelya “thy will be done” ✧ VT43/9; VT43/11; VT43/12
Q. #nancar- “to undo”
Q. #úcar- “*to trespass, do wrong, sin”
Q. urucarin “made with difficulty”
Q. ván caruva “I will not (do not intend) to make” ✧ PE17/144
Q. A carnë ta yallë B (carnë) “A did that as / like B (did)” ✧ PE17/74
Q. alasaila ná lá carë tai mo nave mára “it is unwise not to do what one judges good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
Q. áva carë “Don’t do it” ✧ WJ/371
Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154
Q. carië “doing, making” ✧ PE22/152 (kărie)
Q. carilye tar “you do, sir” ✧ PE17/58
Q. carina “done” ✧ VT43/15
Q. ecë nin care sa “I can do that” ✧ VT49/20
Q. ecuva nin carë sa nöa “I ‘may’ do that tomorrow, I have a chance of doing that [tomorrow]” ✧ VT49/20
Q. i carir quettar ómainen “those who form words with voices” ✧ WJ/391
Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20 (ilukara)
Q. lacarë “inaction, (lit.) not-doing” ✧ PE22/154 (lakare)
Q. lá carita i hamil mára alasaila ná “not to do (in this case) what you judge good (would be) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
Q. lá caritas alasaila cé nauva “not doing this may be/prove unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
Q. lá caritas, navin, alasaila ná “not doing this would be (I think) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
Q. la navin caritalyas mára “I do not advise you to do so, (lit.) I don’t judge your doing (it) good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
Q. ma caruvalwë ohta “shall we make war” ✧ PE22/161
Q. orë nin caritas “I feel an urge/wish/desire to do it” ✧ VT41/13
Q. orë nin caritas nó namin alasaila “I would like / feel moved to do so but judge it unwise” ✧ VT41/13
Q. sustanë Manwëo súlë ten i indo Sindicollo ar he lastanë ar carnes “*the spirit of Manwe blew unto the heart of Thingol and he listened and did it” ✧ NM/239
Q. uan cára “I am not making” ✧ PE17/144
Q. uan carë “I do not make” ✧ PE17/144
Q. uan carnë “I did not make” ✧ PE17/144
Q. uan caruva “I am not going to make” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/144
Q. uin carë “I do not make” ✧ PE17/68; PE22/152
Q. vá caris i “he is not to do it (now or ever); in any case (whatever may be said, desired, or may occur to the contrary) he is not to do this” ✧ PE22/162
Q. vá caruvalwë (ohta) “we will not (make war)” ✧ PE22/161
Q. vá caruvas i ✧ PE22/162

Cognates

S. car- “to do, make” ✧ PE17/68 (cared); PE17/132 (cerin); PE17/132 (cerig); PE17/132 (cerið); PE17/132 (câr); PE17/132 (cerim); PE17/132 (cerinc); PE17/132 (cerigir); PE17/132 (ceriðir); PE17/132 (cerir); PE17/132 (cerim/cerim(m)id); PE17/132 (cerinc/ceringid); PE17/132 (cerich); PE17/132 (cerið(id)); PE17/132 (cerist)
T. car- “to do” ✧ WJ/371 (care)

Derivations

< ✶kar- “do, make” ✧ PE17/129 (karize-); PE22/167 (kar|ubā|ni)
- < √KAR “do, make, build” ✧ PE18/95

Phonetic Developments

✶karize- > karis-	[karise] > [karize] > [karire]	✧ PE17/129
✶kar\|ubā\|ni > caruvan(ye)	[karubāni] ? [karubān] > [karuβān] > [karuβan] > [karuvan]	✧ PE22/167

ᴹQ. kar- v. (basic-verb) “to do, make, build” (Category: to Do, Make)

References ✧ Ety/KAR; LR/47, 56, 72; PE17/14; PE22/97, 99-101, 103-112, 116, 118-119, 121-123, 127; SD/246, 310; VT43/15

Changes

karanta >> káraina ✧ PE22/108
kárielya >> akárielya ✧ PE22/108
(a)kárienwa >> kárienwa “having been made” ✧ PE22/109
karuvanta >> karuvaina ✧ PE22/109
karanta >> karaina ✧ PE22/109
karuvanta >> karuvaina ✧ PE22/109
karnéva >> káriéva ✧ PE22/109
karnévane >> káriévane ✧ PE22/109
karnes >> karnet ✧ PE22/121
karis >> karit ✧ PE22/127

Inflections

karia	active-participle		✧ PE22/100
karia	active-participle	“making”	✧ PE22/106
karia	active-participle		✧ PE22/109; PE22/116
karia	active-participle		✧ PE22/109
karia	active-participle	“active (in making)”	✧ PE22/110
kare	aorist	“do”	✧ PE22/106
kare	aorist		✧ PE22/109
kare	aorist	“make(s)”	✧ PE22/109
kare	aorist	“to make”	✧ PE22/127
kărĕ	aorist		✧ PE22/99
kărĭ-	aorist	“do”	✧ PE22/99
karin	aorist 1st-sg	“I make, build”	✧ Ety/KAR
karit	aorist dual		✧ PE22/99
karit	aorist dual		✧ PE22/109
karir	aorist plural		✧ PE22/99; PE22/109
karin	aorist with-1st-sg-object	“makes me”	✧ PE22/99
karin	aorist with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karin	aorist with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karilthi	aorist with-pl-object	“to make them”	✧ PE22/127
karis	aorist with-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karis	aorist with-sg-object	“make it”	✧ PE22/127
karit	aorist with-sg-object	“make it”	✧ PE22/127
karite	aorist with-sg-object	“making it”	✧ PE22/119
karite	aorist with-sg-object	“make it”	✧ PE22/123
karalyane	consuetudinal-past	“I used to make”	✧ PE22/101
karalyane	consuetudinal-past		✧ PE22/109
karalyane	consuetudinal-past		✧ PE22/109
karuva	future	“shall/will/am going to make”	✧ PE22/105
karuva	future		✧ PE22/109
karuva	future		✧ PE22/109
karuvā-	future	“will make, (originally) is proceeding to/going to make”	✧ PE22/97
karuvar	future plural		✧ PE22/109
karuvan	future with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karalyuva	future-imperfect		✧ PE22/109
karuvalya	future-participle	“about to make”	✧ PE22/109
karuvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/109
karuvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/109
karuvaina	future-passive-participle	“going to be made”	✧ PE22/109
karuvaina	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karuvanta	future-passive-participle	“going to be made”	✧ PE22/109
karuvanta	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109; PE22/109
akáriéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“shall have made”	✧ PE22/105
karnéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/105; PE22/109
karnēva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“shall have made”	✧ PE22/104
káriéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
káriéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“has finished”	✧ PE22/121
karie	gerund	“making”	✧ PE22/99; PE22/119
karie	gerund		✧ PE22/109
karie	gerund		✧ PE22/109
karie	gerund	“making (things)”	✧ PE22/119
kariemma	gerund 1st-pl-inclusive-poss	“our doing”	✧ PE17/14
karalya	imperfect-participle	“doing, making”	✧ PE22/107
karalya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
karalya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
karalya	imperfect-participle	“making”	✧ PE22/123
karaina	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karanta	imperfect-passive-participle	“being made”	✧ PE22/108
karanta	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109; PE22/109
káraina	imperfect-passive-participle	“being made”	✧ PE22/108
kare	infinitive		✧ PE22/99
kare	infinitive	“(to) make”	✧ PE22/109
karilthi	infinitive plural with-remote-pl-object	“to make them (other things)”	✧ PE22/118
karilte	infinitive plural with-sg-object	“to make it”	✧ PE22/118
karin	infinitive with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/99
karithe	infinitive with-remote-sg-object	“to do it”	✧ PE22/118
karite	infinitive with-sg-object	“to make it”	✧ PE22/118
akarnelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/109
akarnelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/109
akárielye	long-perfect	“I have been making”	✧ PE22/104
akărnelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/104
karina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karina	passive-participle	“made”	✧ PE22/111; VT43/15
karĭna	passive-participle	“made”	✧ PE22/107
karne	past		✧ Ety/KAR; PE22/109
karne	past	“made”	✧ PE22/103
karne	past		✧ PE22/109
káre	past	“made”	✧ LR/72; SD/246
kāre	past	“made”	✧ LR/47; SD/310
karner	past plural		✧ PE22/109
karnen	past with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karnes	past with-sg-object		✧ PE22/121
karnet	past with-sg-object		✧ PE22/121
karnéte	past with-sg-object; prosodic-lengthening	“had made (lit. made) it”	✧ PE22/118
†karuváne	past-future; prosodic-lengthening	“was going to make”	✧ PE22/105
karúvane	past-future; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/105: later
karúvane	past-future; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
karúvane	past-future; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
(a)káriévane	past-future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“was going to have made”	✧ PE22/105
karnévane	past-future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
káriévane	past-future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
kárane	past-imperfect	“was making”	✧ PE22/101
kárane	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/109
kárane	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/109
káraner	past-imperfect plural		✧ PE22/109
akárie	perfect		✧ PE22/103; PE22/109
akárie	perfect		✧ PE22/109
kárie	perfect	“made”	✧ LR/56
kárie	perfect; augmentless	“finishes”	✧ PE22/121
kárielto	perfect 3rd-pl; augmentless	“they made”	✧ LR/72
kárier	perfect plural; augmentless	“they made”	✧ LR/72
ăkárier	perfect plural		✧ PE22/109
akárin	perfect with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
akárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/108; PE22/108
akárielya	perfect-participle	“that is already built”	✧ PE22/108
akárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
karnelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/108; PE22/109
karnelya	perfect-participle	“having built”	✧ PE22/108
karnelya	perfect-participle	“that had been (already) built”	✧ PE22/108
karnelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
kárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/108
(a)kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle	“having been made”	✧ PE22/109
kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
{a}kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karinwa	perfective-participle	“made, finished, done, completed”	✧ PE22/106
karinwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE22/109
karinwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE22/109
karinwa	perfective-participle	“fully made, completed”	✧ PE22/112
karnelyane	pluperfect	“I was having made, I had made”	✧ PE22/104
karnelyane	pluperfect	“had made”	✧ PE22/108
karnelyane	pluperfect		✧ PE22/109
karnelyane	pluperfect		✧ PE22/109
kára	present		✧ PE22/109
kára	present		✧ PE22/109
kāra	present	“be doing”	✧ PE22/100
kára	present infinitive	“(to) be making”	✧ PE22/100
kára	present plural	“are ... making”	✧ PE22/127
kárar	present plural		✧ PE22/109
káralti	present plural with-pl-object	“are ... making them”	✧ PE22/127
káran	present with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
kárathe	present with-remote-sg-object	“is (then) making it”	✧ PE22/118
kára(za)	present with-sg-object	“doing it”	✧ PE22/122
káraza	present with-sg-object	“doing this”	✧ PE22/122

Element In

ᴹQ. kakarra- “to keep on doing”
ᴹQ. karaite “able to make, handy, crafty, craftsmanlike, skilled”
ᴹQ. karaste “making, manufacture, construction”
ᴹQ. kárima “able to be made, feasible”
ᴹQ. Tar-Kalion ohtakáre Valannar “Tar-Kalion made war on the Powers” ✧ LR/47; LR/56; SD/246; SD/310
ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet “if he had asked me, I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122
ᴹQ. á kela karit “do not make it!” ✧ PE22/127
ᴹQ. ási le·kare “come now, do it (please)” ✧ PE22/106
ᴹQ. e·kestane ataretta karithe “he asked his father to do it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. ella karie nye te “making it for me (would be kind) of you” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. en kárielto eldain Isil, hildin Úr-anar; toi írimar “for Elves they made the Moon, but for Men the red Sun; which are beautiful” ✧ LR/72; LR/72
ᴹQ. ha inya karite “I am to (have to) make it” ✧ PE22/123
ᴹQ. ha le·nye karite “making it for me (would be kind) of you” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. helalthi menne kare/helar menne karilthi “they did not mean to make them” ✧ PE22/127
ᴹQ. he·meruvar i Túro kárathe “they will wish that T. is (then) making it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. Ilu Ilúvatar en káre eldain a fírimoin “the Father made the World for Elves and Mortals” ✧ LR/72
ᴹQ. karie “making” ✧ PE22/99
ᴹQ. karie nyé·te “making it for me (would be kind)” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. karie ye mólome “making (things) is hard work” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. karina “made” ✧ PE22/111
ᴹQ. le·merne i ni·karnéte “you wished that I had made (lit. made) it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. már akárielya e·tuve “he finds a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108
ᴹQ. már akárielya e utúlie “*having built a house he has come” ✧ PE22/108
ᴹQ. már akárielya e·utúvie “he has found a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108
ᴹQ. már karnelya e·tulle “having built a house he came” ✧ PE22/108
ᴹQ. már karnelya e·túve “he found a house that had been (already) built” ✧ PE22/108
ᴹQ. melalti kára/melar káralti “we are not making them” ✧ PE22/127
ᴹQ. me·le·lávanelti kare “we were not going to make them for you” ✧ PE22/127
ᴹQ. me·merilte karithe “we wish him to do it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. me·merilti karilthi “we wish them to make them (other things)” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro kárathe “we wished that Turo was making it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. me telir karilte “we mean to make it” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118
ᴹQ. nila karit “I do not make it” ✧ PE22/127
ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. ni·merite karithe “I wish him to do it” ✧ PE22/118
ᴹQ. ni tele karite “I mean to make it” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118
ᴹQ. qe e·kárie i kirya aldaryas, ni kauva kiryasta menelyas “if he finishes the boat by Monday, I shall be able to sail on Wednesday” ✧ PE22/121
ᴹQ. yé karalya “to be making” ✧ PE22/123

Derivations

< ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR; PE22/103

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√KAR > karin	[karin]	✧ Ety/KAR
ᴹ√KAR > karne	[karne]	✧ PE22/103

ᴱ✶kar > kare	[kar-]	✧ PE14/58
ᴱ√KARA > karin	[kar-]	✧ QL/45

karne	past		✧ PE14/58; PE15/71
karne	past	“did”	✧ PE14/84
káre	past		✧ QL/45
kārie	past		✧ PE15/71
kare	present	“make”	✧ PE14/58
kare	present		✧ PE15/71
karin	present 1st-sg	“I make, do”	✧ QL/45