Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : KAR

√KAR root. “do, make, build”

√KAR root. “do, make, build, [ᴹ√] construct”

Tolkien introduced the root √KAR with the sense “do, make” very early, and it retained this form and meaning for his entire life. It appeared as ᴱ√KARA “do, make” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), as ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAR), and in numerous other places in various notes, including a last known appearance in verbal notes from 1969 as √KAR “do” (PE22/155). Though its exact set of derivatives varied over time, the root itself was extremely stable in Tolkien’s mind.

References ✧ PE17/84, 114, 150, 156; PE18/95; PE22/155

Glosses

“do” ✧ PE22/155
“do, make” ✧ PE17/114; PE17/156
“make, build” ✧ PE17/84 (CAR); PE17/150 (CAR)

Variations

KAR ✧ PE17/114; PE17/156; PE18/95; PE22/155
CAR ✧ PE17/84; PE17/150

Q. karma should be a derivative of KAR “do, make” ✧ PE17/114

Derivatives

> ᴺQ. !caira “eager [to do]”
> ᴺQ. !car “act, an action”
⇒ ᴺQ. !carmen “recipe”
⇒ ᴺQ. !carranta “strategy, (lit.) action-course”
> ᴺS. !carf “tool, implement, weapon”
> ᴺS. !caur “action, doing, making; verb”
> ᴺS. !ceiria- “to cause, bring about”
> ᴺS. cranna- “to accomplish, finish, complete, [G.] achieve”
- ⇒ ᴺS. ^crannen “perfect”
> ✶kar- “do, make” ✧ PE18/95
- ⇒ ✶kārimā “able to be done, feasible”
  - > Q. cárima “feasible, possible (to do), able to be done” ✧ PE22/137
    - ⇒ 7 compounds
- > Q. car- “to do, make” ✧ PE17/129; PE22/167
  - ⇒ 54 compounds
- > S. car- “to do, make” ✧ WJ/415
  - ⇒ 20 compounds
- > T. car- “to do”
⇒ ✶kariyendi “process of manufacture”
- > ᴺQ. !cariendë “production, process of manufacture”
> Q. caraitë “active, busy” ✧ PE22/155
- ⇒ Q. caraitië “activity, business” ✧ PE22/155
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !ocaraitië “program, a set of activities”
- ⇒ Q. lacaraitë “impossible”
> Q. carassë “built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks” ✧ PE17/84
> Q. carasta- “to build” ✧ PE17/84
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !amacarastië “upbuilding”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !carastanyarro “beaver, (lit.) build-rat”
> Q. cárima “feasible, possible (to do), able to be done” ✧ PE22/155
- ⇒ 7 compounds
> Q. carma² “tool, implement, means, weapon” ✧ PE17/114
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !carmatan “toolsmith”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !narcarma “gun, firearm”
> S. caras “city, fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks, circular earthwall with dike” ✧ PE17/84
- ⇒ S. Caras Galadhon “City of the Trees” ✧ RC/311
- ⇒ S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/60

ᴹ√KAR root. “make, build, construct”

See √KAR for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/KAR, KYAR; PE18/46; PE22/103, 108

Glosses

“make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR
“make, do” ✧ Ety/KAR (KAR)

Q. carvalyo “*of thy womb” [is, per editors, perhaps related to] KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ VT43/31

Derivatives

> ᴹ✶kar- ✧ PE18/46
> ᴹ✶karƀǝ “active”
- ⇒ ᴹ✶alakarƀǝ “very active” ✧ PE21/41
  - > ᴹQ. Alakaru ✧ PE21/41
> ᴹ√KYAR “cause, do” ✧ Ety/KAR; Ety/KAR; Ety/KYAR
- > ᴹQ. tyar- “to cause” ✧ Ety/KYAR
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !quetyar- “to pronounce, (lit.) cause vocal speech”
    - ⇒ ᴺQ. !minquetyar- “to accentuate, (lit.) pronounce prominently”
    - ⇒ ᴺQ. !quetyarmë “pronunciation”
- > ᴹQ. tyaro “doer, actor, agent” ✧ Ety/KAR
  - ⇒ ᴹQ. ohtatyaro “warrior” ✧ Ety/KAR
- > ᴺQ. !tyarda “result, *effect”
- > ᴺQ. !tyarwë “reason”
- > Q. #tyar- “to cause”
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !tyaraitë “effective, productive, effectual, efficacious”
  - ⇒ Q. #avatyar- “*to forgive, (lit.) do away with”
> ᴹQ. kar- “to do, make, build” ✧ Ety/KAR; PE22/103
- ⇒ 40 compounds
> ᴹQ. kar¹ “building, house” ✧ Ety/KAR
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !látacar “pub, public house, (lit.) open-house”
> ᴹQ. kar² “deed” ✧ Ety/KAR
> ᴹQ. káro “doer, actor, agent” ✧ Ety/KAR
- ⇒ ᴹQ. ohtakáro “warrior” ✧ Ety/KAR
> N. #car- “to do, make”
- ⇒ N. ceredir “doer, maker” ✧ Ety/DER
- ⇒ N. #osgar- “to cut round, amputate” ✧ Ety/OS
> N. caras “a city (built above ground)” ✧ Ety/KAR
- ⇒ N. Caras Galadon
> N. car(dh) “house” ✧ Ety/KAR
> N. carth “deed” ✧ Ety/KAR

ᴱ√KARA root. “do, make”

See √KAR for discussion.

References ✧ GL/26; QL/45

Glosses

“do, make” ✧ QL/45

Variations

KARA ✧ QL/45
car- ✧ GL/26

Derivatives

> ᴱN. #car- “*to make”
> ᴱN. cara- “to make, do, perform, act (trans. and absolute)”
- ⇒ ᴱN. -garn “*-made” ✧ PE13/161
> ᴱ✶kar- “to make”
- > ᴱQ. kara- “to do, make” ✧ PE14/58
  - ⇒ [see above]
> ᴱ✶ū́kā̀rele
- > ᴱQ. ukárele “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/6
> ᴱQ. kara- “to do, make” ✧ QL/45
- ⇒ ᴱQ. karina “finished” ✧ QL/45
  - ⇒ ᴱQ. ilkarna “unfinished” ✧ QL/41
> ᴱQ. karma “shape, fashion; act, deed” ✧ QL/45
- ⇒ ᴱQ. ulkarma “misdeed” ✧ QL/97
> ᴱQ. karo “deed, act, action”
- ⇒ ᴱQ. ohta·karo “warlike deed, hostile unfriendly act(ion)” ✧ PE14/45; PE14/75; PE15/68
> G. cara “deed, act”
- ⇒ G. cariod(wen) “activity” ✧ GL/25
- ⇒ G. carn “done, finished” ✧ GL/25
- ⇒ G. cartha- “to finish, make” ✧ GL/25
  - ⇒ [see above]
> G. carm “deed, act, exploit”
- ⇒ G. gruigarm “*deed of horror, angry or violent act, vengeance” ✧ GL/42
> G. carn “done, finished”
> G. cartha- “to finish, make”
- ⇒ G. carthion “complete, perfect” ✧ GL/25
> G. cranta- “to finish, achieve, accomplish, complete” ✧ GL/26