N. non-initial [m] usually became [v]; [Xm|m{mbp}] > [Xv|m{mbp}]
References ✧ PE22/32, 35
Order (05300)
| After | 01900 | [ou] became [au] | ON. doume
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N. daw ᴹ✶Orǭmē > Oroume > ON. Araume |
Ety/DOƷ Ety/ORÓM |
| After | 03200 | [ai] became [oe] or [ae] | ON. sagma > saʒmh > sae̯mh > N. saęw | PE22/32 |
| Before | 05500 | [w], [v] vanished after [u] | ᴹ✶tuimā > tuiw > N. tui | Ety/TUY |
| Before | 06000 | [mm] shortened | ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > N. amar | Ety/MBAR |
| Before | 06200 | final [l], [r] usually became syllabic | ᴹ✶tamrō > tafr > N. tavor | Ety/TAM |
| Before | 06300 | final [vn] sometimes became [von] | ᴹ√KYÉLEP > celefn > N. celevon | Ety/KYELEP |
| Before | 06500 | [io] became [ui], [eo] | ON. sniuma/snȳma > N. hniof/hnuif | Ety/SNEW |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| araum > arauv | Vm > Vv | ON. Araume > N. Araw | ✧ Ety/ORÓM |
| araum > arauv | Vm > Vv | ON. Araume > Aráw > Ara͠uƀ > Aróu̯mh > N. Áraw | ✧ PE22/37 |
| aram > arav | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√ƷARAM > N. araf | ✧ Ety/ƷARAM |
| daum > dauv | Vm > Vv | ON. doume > N. daw | ✧ Ety/DOƷ |
| domn > dovn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√DUB > N. dofn | ✧ Ety/DUB |
| drama- > drava- | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√DARÁM > N. dravo | ✧ Ety/DARÁM |
| dramn > dravn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√DARÁM > N. drafn | ✧ Ety/DARÁM |
| dramn > dravn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√DARÁM > dravn > N. dravon | ✧ EtyAC/DARÁM |
| dūm > dūv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶dōmi > dūmh > N. dū | ✧ SD/302 |
| dūmen > dūven | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√NDŪ > N. dúven | ✧ Ety/NDŪ |
| dūmilind > dūvilind | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶dōmilindē > N. duilin | ✧ SD/302 |
| dūmin > dūvin | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√NDŪ > N. dúvin | ✧ EtyAC/NDŪ |
| erum > eruv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√ERE > N. eru | ✧ Ety/ERE |
| garam > garav | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√ÑGAR(A)M > N. garaf | ✧ Ety/ÑGAR(A)M |
| glamra- > glavra- | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√G-LAM > N. glavro | ✧ Ety/GLAM |
| golomir > golovir | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√MIR > N. Golovir | ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD |
| gorum > goruv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶Górōmē > N. Goru | ✧ EtyAC/GÓROM |
| haem > haev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶khaimē > N. haew | ✧ Ety/KHIM |
| ham- > hav- | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KHAM > N. haf- | ✧ EtyAC/KHAM |
| hīm > hīv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶khīmā > N. hiw | ✧ Ety/KHIM |
| kaem > kaev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KAY > N. caew | ✧ Ety/KAY |
| keim > keiv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KEM > N. ceif | ✧ Ety/KEM |
| kelemn > kelevn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KYÉLEP > celefn > N. celevon | ✧ Ety/KYELEP |
| kem > kev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KEM > N. cef | ✧ Ety/KEM |
| kemn > kevn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KEM > N. cevn | ✧ Ety/KEM |
| kemnor > kevnor | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KEM > N. cevnor | ✧ EtyAC/KEM |
| kīm > kīv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶kēm > N. cíw | ✧ EtyAC/KEM |
| komn > kovn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KUM > cofn > N. caun | ✧ Ety/KUM |
| kumn > kuvn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KUM > N. cûn | ✧ Ety/KUM |
| l̥emn > l̥evn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶lebnā > N. lhevon | ✧ Ety/LEB |
| naem > naev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶nakma > N. naew | ✧ Ety/NAK |
| n̥iom > n̥iov | Vm > Vv | ON. sniuma/snȳma > N. hniof/hnuif | ✧ Ety/SNEW |
| paum > pauv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√KWAM > N. paw | ✧ Ety/KWAM |
| r̥aem > r̥aev | Vm > Vv | ON. ragme > N. rhaew | ✧ Ety/RAK |
| r̥amn > r̥avn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶ramna > N. rhafn | ✧ Ety/RAM |
| r̥īm > r̥īv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√RĪ > N. rhîf | ✧ Ety/RĪ |
| r̥omal > r̥oval | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶rāmalē > N. rhofal | ✧ Ety/RAM |
| r̥omeil > r̥oveil | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶rāmalē > N. rhofel | ✧ Ety/RAM |
| r̥uim > r̥uiv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√ROY¹ > N. rhui(w) | ✧ Ety/ROY¹ |
| r̥ūm > r̥ūv | Vm > Vv | ON. rūma > N. †rhû | ✧ Ety/ROM |
| r̥umen > r̥uven | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√RŌ > N. †rhufen | ✧ Ety/RŌ |
| saem > saev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶sagmā > N. saew | ✧ Ety/SAG |
| saem > saev | Vm > Vv | ON. sagma > saʒmh > sae̯mh > N. saęw | ✧ PE22/32 |
| silem > silev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶silimā > N. silef | ✧ Ety/SIL |
| silim > siliv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶silimē > N. silif | ✧ Ety/SIL |
| taem > taev | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶takmā > N. taew | ✧ Ety/TAK |
| talam > talav | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√TALAM > N. talaf | ✧ Ety/TAL |
| tamr > tavr | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶tamrō > tafr > N. tavor | ✧ Ety/TAM |
| teim > teiv | Vm > Vv | ON. tegma > teiw > N. tew | ✧ PE22/31 |
| teleim > teleiv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√TALAM > N. teleif | ✧ Ety/TAL |
| telum > teluv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√TELU > N. telu | ✧ Ety/TEL |
| tindum > tinduv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ√DOM > tindumh > tindu > N. tinnu | ✧ Ety/TIN |
| tindūmiell > tindūviell | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶Tindōmiselde > ON. tindūmhiell | ✧ Ety/TIN |
| tīm > tīv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶tekmē > N. tîw | ✧ Ety/TEK |
| tomn > tovn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶tubnā > N. tofn | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| tuim > tuiv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶tuimā > tuiw > N. tui | ✧ Ety/TUY |
| tulum > tuluv | Vm > Vv | ON. tulugme > N. tulu | ✧ Ety/TULUK |
| θamn > θavn | Vm > Vv | ON. sthamne > N. thafn | ✧ Ety/STAB |
| udumn > uduvn | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶Utubnu > N. Udūn | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| ulum > uluv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶Ulumō > N. Ulu | ✧ Ety/ULU |
| xīlūm > xīlūv | Vm > Vv | ᴹ✶χīsi-slōmē > N. Cílu | ✧ PE21/32 |
| dalm > dalv | lm > lv | ON. dalma > N. dalf | ✧ Ety/DAL |
| elm > elv | lm > lv | ᴹ√ÑEL > N. elf | ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL |
| falm > falv | lm > lv | ᴹ√PHAL/PHÁLAS > N. falf | ✧ Ety/PHAL |
| galm > galv | lm > lv | ᴹ√GALA > N. galw | ✧ Ety/GALA |
| galm > galv | lm > lv | ᴹ√GAL² > N. galw | ✧ EtyAC/GAL² |
| halm > halv | lm > lv | ᴹ✶syalmā > N. half | ✧ Ety/SYAL |
| helm > helv | lm > lv | ᴹ✶skelmā > N. helf | ✧ Ety/SKEL |
| jolm > jolv | lm > lv | ᴹ√YUL > ON. iolf | ✧ Ety/YUL |
| lalm > lalv | lm > lv | ᴹ√ÁLAM > N. lalf | ✧ Ety/ÁLAM |
| lalmen > lalven | lm > lv | ᴹ√ÁLAM > N. lalven | ✧ Ety/ÁLAM |
| l̥almen > l̥alven | lm > lv | ᴹ√LÁLAM > N. lhalwen | ✧ Ety/LÁLAM |
| l̥almorn > l̥alvorn | lm > lv | ᴹ√LÁLAM > N. lhalorn | ✧ Ety/LÁLAM |
| lelm > lelv | lm > lv | ᴹ√ÁLAM > N. lelf | ✧ Ety/ÁLAM |
| lelmin > lelvin | lm > lv | ᴹ√ÁLAM > N. lelvin | ✧ Ety/ÁLAM |
| lelmin > lelvin | lm > lv | ᴹ√LÁLAM > N. lelwin | ✧ Ety/LÁLAM |
| palm > palv | lm > lv | ᴹ√KWAL > N. palw | ✧ EtyAC/KWAL |
| amb > amb | mb > mb | ᴹ√AM² > N. am | ✧ Ety/AM² |
| ambar > ambar | mb > mb | ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > N. amar | ✧ Ety/MBAR |
| ambarθ > ambarθ | mb > mb | ᴹ√MBARAT > N. ammarth | ✧ Ety/MBARAT |
| ambaθ > ambaθ | mb > mb | ᴹ√MBAT(H) > ambath > N. amath | ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H) |
| ambon > ambon | mb > mb | ᴹ√AM² > N. amon | ✧ Ety/AM² |
| damb > damb | mb > mb | ᴹ√NDAM > N. dam | ✧ Ety/NDAM |
| damba- > damba- | mb > mb | ᴹ√NDAM > N. damma- | ✧ Ety/NDAM |
| dramb > dramb | mb > mb | ᴹ√DARÁM > dramb > N. dram(m) | ✧ Ety/DARÁM |
| dumb > dumb | mb > mb | ᴹ√NDUB/DUB > N. dum | ✧ EtyAC/NDUB |
| emberein > emberein | mb > mb | ᴹ√MBAR > Emmerein > N. Emerin | ✧ Ety/MBAR |
| embyn > embyn | mb > mb | ᴹ√AM² > emuin > N. emyn | ✧ Ety/AM² |
| gemb > gemb | mb > mb | ᴹ√GENG-WĀ > gemb > N. gem | ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ |
| glamb > glamb | mb > mb | ᴹ√G-LAM > glamb > N. glamm | ✧ Ety/GLAM |
| glamb > glamb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶ngalámbe > glamb > N. glamm | ✧ Ety/ÑGAL |
| glambr > glambr | mb > mb | ᴹ√G-LAM > glambr > glamr > N. glamor | ✧ Ety/GLAM |
| goθmbaug > goθmbaug | mb > mb | ᴹ✶Gothombauk- > N. Gothmog | ✧ Ety/MBAW |
| himb > himb | mb > mb | ᴹ√KHIM > N. him | ✧ Ety/KHIM |
| imb > imb | mb > mb | ᴹ√IMBE > im(b) > N. imm | ✧ EtyAC/IMBE |
| kamb > kamb | mb > mb | ᴹ√KAB > camb > N. cam | ✧ Ety/KAB |
| kamb > kamb | mb > mb | ON. kamba > N. camm | ✧ Ety/MAƷ |
| kramb > kramb | mb > mb | ᴹ√KRAB > cramb > N. cram | ✧ Ety/KRAB |
| kromb > kromb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶krumbā > N. crom | ✧ Ety/KURÚM |
| krumb > krumb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶krumbē > N. crum | ✧ Ety/KURÚM |
| kumb > kumb | mb > mb | ᴹ√KUB > cumb > N. cum | ✧ Ety/KUB |
| l̥amb > l̥amb | mb > mb | ᴹ√LAB > N. lham(b) | ✧ Ety/LAB |
| l̥imb > l̥imb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > N. lhim | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| limbid- > l̥imbid- | mb > mb | ᴹ√LINKWI > N. lhimmid | ✧ Ety/LINKWI |
| l̥omb > l̥omb | mb > mb | ON. lumba > N. lhom | ✧ EtyAC/LUB |
| l̥umb > l̥umb | mb > mb | ᴹ√LUM > N. lhum | ✧ Ety/LUM |
| nemb > nemb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > nemb > N. nem | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| r̥amb > r̥amb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶rambā > rhamb > N. rham | ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ |
| r̥emb > r̥emb | mb > mb | ON. rimba > rhemb > N. rhem | ✧ Ety/RIM |
| r̥imb > r̥imb | mb > mb | ON. rimbe > rhimb > N. rhim | ✧ Ety/RIM |
| r̥imb > r̥imb | mb > mb | ᴹ√RINGI > rhimb > N. rhim | ✧ Ety/RINGI |
| r̥omb > r̥omb | mb > mb | ON. romba > N. rhom | ✧ Ety/ROM |
| tamba- > tamba- | mb > mb | ᴹ✶tambā́- > N. tammo | ✧ Ety/TAM |
| tumb > tumb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶tumbu > N. tum | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| θamb > θamb | mb > mb | ᴹ✶stambē > thamb > N. tham | ✧ Ety/STAB |
| borommir > borommir | mm > mm | ON. Boronmíro/Borommíro > N. Boromir | ✧ Ety/BOR |
| emmlind > emmlind | mm > mm | ON. ammalinde > em(m)elin > N. emlin | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| gammass > gammass | mm > mm | ON. gampasse > N. gammas | ✧ EtyAC/GAP |
| hamma- > hamma- | mm > mm | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hamma- | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
| hammad > hammad | mm > mm | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hammad | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
| gamp > gamp | mp > mp | ᴹ√GAP > N. gamp | ✧ Ety/GAP |
| hamp > hamp | mp > mp | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hamp | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
| l̥imp > l̥imp | mp > mp | ᴹ√LINKWI > N. lhimp | ✧ Ety/LINKWI |
| nimp > nimp | mp > mp | ᴹ√NIK-W > N. nimp | ✧ Ety/NIK-W |
| tump > tump | mp > mp | ᴹ√TUMPU > N. tump | ✧ Ety/TUMPU |
| farm > farv | rm > rv | ᴹ√SPAR² > N. farf | ✧ EtyAC/SPAR² |
| formen > forven | rm > rv | ᴹ√PHOR > N. forven | ✧ Ety/PHOR |
| fœrmein > fœrvein | rm > rv | ᴹ√PHOR > N. fervein | ✧ EtyAC/PHOR |
| gorm > gorv | rm > rv | ᴹ√GOR > N. gorf | ✧ Ety/GOR |
| harmen > harven | rm > rv | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harfen | ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR |
| harmen > harven | rm > rv | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. herfin | ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR |
| parm > parv | rm > rv | ON. parma > N. parf | ✧ Ety/PAR |
| perm > perv | rm > rv | ON. parma > N. perf | ✧ Ety/PAR |