Q. lá- v. (irregular-verb) “to not be” (Category: Negation)

Q. lá-, v. (irregular-verb) “to not be” (Category: Negation)

References ✧ PE22/153-154, 156, 160; VT42/33; VT43/22; VT49/13, 15

Glosses

• “neg. ‘no’” ✧ VT43/22 (la)
• “not” ✧ VT49/15 (la)

Variations

• lá ✧ VT42/33; VT49/13; VT49/13
• la ✧ PE22/154; VT43/22; VT49/15
• lā- ✧ PE22/156; VT49/13
• lamin ✧ VT49/13

Related

• ala-² “to deny; *to not be” vs. lá- “to not be”

Changes

• láne “had no, *was not” >> ú “not” ✧ VT49/13
• lamin >> lanye “I do not, I am not” ✧ VT49/13

Inflections

lanye	1st-sg	“I don’t, I’m not”	✧ PE22/160; VT42/33
lain	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE22/156
lanye	aorist 1st-sg	“I do not, am not”	✧ PE22/153: aor.
lanye	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE22/156
lanye	aorist 1st-sg	“I do not, I am not”	✧ VT49/13
lanye	aorist 1st-sg	“not”	✧ VT49/15
lail	aorist 2nd-sg		✧ PE22/156
lalye	aorist 2nd-sg-polite		✧ PE22/156
lauva	future		✧ PE22/153; PE22/156; VT49/13
ala	imperative	“don’t!”	✧ PE22/153: imperative
alā	imperative		✧ PE22/153: imperative
láne	past	“had no, *was not”	✧ VT49/13
lāne	past		✧ PE22/153; PE22/156; VT49/13
alaie	perfect		✧ PE22/153; PE22/156; VT49/13
laia	present		✧ PE22/153; PE22/156; VT49/13

Element In

• ᴺQ. !laitë “false”
• Q. ála “do not” ✧ VT43/22 (ala)
• Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/6
• Q. melin sé apa lanyë hé “I love him but not him (the other)” ✧ VT49/15
• Q. melinyes apa la hé “I love him but not him (the other)” ✧ VT49/15

Derivations

• < √LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/156 ((A)LA); VT42/33 (ala); VT49/13 (ala)
• < ✶lā- “to not be” ✧ PE22/153; PE22/153 (lājā); VT49/13 (lājā)
  • < √LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153 (ALA); PE23/114

Phonetic Developments

✶lā > lanye	[lanye]	✧ PE22/153
✶lājā > laia	[lājā] > [laijā] > [laija] > [laia]	✧ PE22/153
√(A)LA > lā-	[lā-]	✧ PE22/156
√ala > lá	[lā-]	✧ VT42/33
√ala > lā	[lā-]	✧ VT49/13
✶lājā > laia	[lājā] > [laijā] > [laija] > [laia]	✧ VT49/13

ᴹQ. lá- v. (irregular-verb) “to not be” (Category: Negation)

References ✧ PE22/106, 119, 121, 126-127

Glosses

• “did not” ✧ PE22/121 (la)
• “do not” ✧ PE22/127 (la)
• “not to be, not to do” ✧ PE22/126

Variations

• lá ✧ PE22/126
• la ✧ PE22/121; PE22/126; PE22/127

Changes

• láya >> laia ✧ PE22/126
• allea >> lánea ✧ PE22/126
• laváya >> lávalya ✧ PE22/126
• allávalti >> lánevalti ✧ PE22/127
• lánevalti >> lávanelti “were not going to” ✧ PE22/127

Inflections

la	aorist	“is not necessarily”	✧ PE22/119
lá	aorist	“don’t!”	✧ PE22/106
lar	aorist plural	“not”	✧ PE22/127
lalthi	aorist plural with-pl-object	“not ... them”	✧ PE22/127
lalti	aorist plural with-pl-object	“not ... them”	✧ PE22/127
láte	aorist with-sg-object	“don’t ... do it”	✧ PE22/106
láte	aorist with-sg-object	“does not do it”	✧ PE22/126
láva	future		✧ PE22/126
laváya	future-participle		✧ PE22/126
lávalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/126
†lávea	future-participle		✧ PE22/126
?alie	gerund	“not being”	✧ PE22/126
lárá	imperative plural		✧ PE22/106
laia	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/126
†larya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/126
láya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/126
‽alle	past		✧ PE22/126
lane	past		✧ PE22/126
láne	past		✧ PE22/126
láne	past	“did not”	✧ PE22/127
láner	past plural	“were not”	✧ PE22/119
lávane	past-future		✧ PE22/126
allávalti	past-future plural with-pl-object		✧ PE22/127
lánevalti	past-future plural with-pl-object		✧ PE22/127
lávanelti	past-future plural with-pl-object	“were not going to”	✧ PE22/127
lávate	past-future plural with-pl-object	“will not .. it”	✧ PE22/127
laiane	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/126
lálie	perfect; augmentless		✧ PE22/126
lánie	perfect; augmentless		✧ PE22/126
allea	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/126
lánea	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/126
lánelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/126
lár	plural		✧ PE22/126

Element In

• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. á kela karit “do not make it!” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. á kela naikea “don’t be cruel” ✧ PE22/126
• ᴹQ. á lá “don’t do it” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. (á) láte “don’t do it!” ✧ PE22/126
• ᴹQ. á le·láte “{now} don’t you do it!” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen (ela!) “would he have asked me!” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. helalthi menne kare/helar menne karilthi “they did not mean to make them” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. helávate mate “they will not eat it” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. leláne tule “you did not come” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. melalti kára/melar káralti “we are not making them” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. me·láner fasta sa yára Túro “we were not pleased [that old Túro...]” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. me·le·lávanelti kare “we were not going to make them for you” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. nila karit “I do not make it” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. tyavie la tyazie “(proverb) tasting is not necessarily liking” ✧ PE22/119

Derivations

• < ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ PE22/126 (LĀ)

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√LĀ > lá

[lā-]

✧ PE22/126