S. hoth n. “host, horde” (Category: Crowd, Multitude)
A word for a “host” or “horde” that was “nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in Sindarin” (PE17/39; UT/313). It was based on the root √KHOT “gather, together in confusion, jumble” and is used a class plural suffix for “unpleasant” groups such as Glamhoth, the collective name for orcs = “Din-horde” (UT/54).
Conceptual Development: This word has a long legacy, with G. hoth “folk, people, †army” appearing all the way back in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), derived from the early root ᴱ√HOSO [ΧOÞ] (QL/41). ᴱN. hoth “host, folk” appeared in Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/147), and The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. hoth “host, crowd” derived from ᴹ✶khotsē “assembly” under the root ᴹ√KHOTH “gather” (Ety/KHOTH). At all these earlier stages it was used in the formation of group names, but the notion that it was limited to “unfriendly” groups seems to be a late idea.
References ✧ PE17/39; RGEO/62; SA/hoth; UT/313
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Phonetic Developments
| ✶khottă > hoth | [kʰotta] > [kʰottʰa] > [kʰoθθa] > [xoθθa] > [xoθθ] > [hoθθ] > [hoθ] | ✧ PE17/39 |
N. hoth n. “host, crowd; group plural” (Category: Crowd, Multitude)
References ✧ Ety/KHOTH; PE21/57
Glosses
Element In
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Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ✶khotsē > hoth | [kʰotsē] > [kʰotse] > [xotse] > [xoθθe] > [xoθθ] > [hoθθ] > [hoθ] | ✧ Ety/KHOTH |
ᴱN. hoth n. “host, folk” (Category: Crowd, Multitude)
References ✧ PE13/147
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| hyth | plural | ✧ PE13/147 |
G. hoth n. “folk, people, †army” (Category: Crowd, Multitude)
References ✧ GG/9; GL/49; LT1A/Orc; LT2A/Glamhoth, Gondothlim; PE13/102; PE15/26-27; QL/41
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| i·choth | soft-mutation; h-mutation | ✧ GG/9 |
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