Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : RIK²

√RIK² root. “twist”

√RIK² root. “twist; [ᴹ√] jerk, sudden move, flirt”

This root first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√RIQI or ᴱ√RIKI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. riqi- “wrench, twist” and ᴱQ. marikta “wrist” (QL/80). This root also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such G. raig “awry, twisted, distorted, perverse, wrong, leering (of face)”, G. rig “a snarl, a sneer”, and G. rig- “twist, contort” (GL/64-65). These forms were also linked to G. grinn “ankle (talgrin), wrist (mabrin)” (GL/42) and G. arc “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult” < ᴱ✶r̄k- (GL/20). The latter reappeared as ᴱN. arch “rough, fierce” >> “rough” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (GL/137), though in the somewhat later Early Noldorin Dictionary, ᴱN. arch “rough” was given a new derivation from ᴱ✶a-rak-wa (PE13/160), and thus was no longer tied to ᴱ√RIKI.

The root ᴹ√RIK reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/RIK(H)) but it was revised to ᴹ√RIK(H) “jerk, sudden move, flirt” with derivatives like ᴹQ. rinke “flourish, quick stroke” and ᴹQ. rihta-/N. rhitha- “jerk, twitch” (Ety/RIK(H)). In notes from 1959-60 the root appeared again as √RIK “twist” with a derivative Q. raika “crooked” (VT39/7), a word that in The Etymologies of the 1930s was derived from ᴹ√RAYAK. This 1959-60 appearance seems to be harkening back to its meaning in the 1910s.

References ✧ VT39/7, 9

Glosses

“twist” ✧ VT39/7 (RIKI)

Variations

RIK ✧ VT39/9
RIKI ✧ VT39/7

RIKI “twist” [per Carl Hostetter (VT39/12), is likely connected to] ᴹ√RIK(H) “jerk, sudden move, flirt” ✧ VT39/7
ᴹ√RAYAK “*crooked, bent, wrong” may have merged with RIK² “twist”

Derivatives

⇒ ᴺQ. !ricci “wasp, (lit.) she of sudden moves”
> ᴺS. crig “elbow”
> ᴺS. ^raeg “wrong, [G.] awry, twisted, distorted, perverse, leering (of face)”
- ⇒ ᴺS. !raegdan “sinner”
> ᴺS. rig-¹ “to twist, contort; *to confuse, disarrange, upset”
> ✶raika “crooked” ✧ VT39/7; VT39/9
- > Q. raica “crooked” ✧ VT39/7; VT39/9
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !raica- “to falsify”
> Q. #ric-² “to twist” ✧ VT39/9

ᴹ√RIK(H) root. “jerk, sudden move, flirt”

See √RIK² for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/RIK(H); EtyAC/REP, RIK(H)

Glosses

“jerk, sudden move, flirt” ✧ Ety/RIK(H)

Variations

RIK(H) ✧ Ety/RIK(H)
RIKH ✧ EtyAC/REP
RIK ✧ EtyAC/RIK(H)

ᴱ√KḶTḶ “tilt; fling” may be replaced by RIK(H) “jerk, sudden move, flirt”
REK ✧ EtyAC/REP
√RIKI “twist” [per Carl Hostetter (VT39/12), is likely connected to] RIK(H) “jerk, sudden move, flirt” ✧ VT39/7

Changes

RIK >> RIK(H) “jerk, sudden move, flirt” ✧ EtyAC/RIK(H)

Derivatives

> ᴹ✶rinki “flourish, quick stroke” ✧ Ety/RIK(H)
- > ᴹQ. rinke “flourish, quick stroke, hook” ✧ Ety/RIK(H)
  - ⇒ ᴹQ. sa-rinke “s-hook, hooked stroke in tengwa” ✧ EtyAC/RIK(H); PE22/21
- > N. rhinc “twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move” ✧ Ety/RIK(H)
> ᴹQ. rihta- “to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch” ✧ Ety/RIK(H)
> ᴹQ. rinka “twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move” ✧ EtyAC/RIK(H)
> N. rhitha- “to jerk, twitch, snatch” ✧ Ety/RIK(H)

ᴱ√RIKI root. “*twist”

See √RIK² for discussion.

References ✧ GL/65; QL/80

Variations

RIKI ✧ QL/80
rig- ✧ GL/65
RIQI ✧ QL/80

rig- cp. ‽ G. arc ✧ GL/65

Derivatives

> ᴱ✶ṝk-
- > ᴱN. arch “rough”
  - ⇒ ᴱN. archos “roughness, ruggedness, rudeness” ✧ PE13/160
- > G. arc “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult” ✧ GL/20; PE13/110
  - ⇒ G. archod “difficulty” ✧ PE13/110
  - ⇒ G. archos “savagery, evil temper” ✧ GL/20; PE13/110
⇒ ᴱQ. marikta “wrist” ✧ QL/80
> ᴱQ. riqi- “to wrench, twist” ✧ QL/80
> G. grinn “ankle, wrist”
- ⇒ G. mabrin(d) “wrist” ✧ GL/42; GL/55; GL/69
- ⇒ G. talgrin(d) “ankle” ✧ GL/42; GL/69
> G. raig “awry, twisted, distorted, perverse, wrong, leering (of face)”
> G. rictha- “to contort, twist, confuse, disarrange, upset” ✧ GL/65
> G. rig “a snarl, a sneer” ✧ GL/65
> G. rig- “to twist, contort” ✧ GL/65