S. #ad- pref. “re-” (Category: Again)
The usual Sindarin prefix for “re-, again”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. ad- was given as the equivalent of [ᴹQ.] at(a)- “back, again, re-” under the root ᴹ√AT(AT) “back, again” which was also the basis for the word “two” (Ety/AT(AT)). In Tolkien’s later writings, Tolkien’s said the Quenya prefix could be used “only in literal sense of second time, double” and the more general Quenya prefix for “re-” was en- (PE17/166-7). However, he said “In Sindarin this [EN] would so often be indisting[uishable] from ET- ‘out’ (as et-pet-, say out, en-pet > ephed) that it [was] replaced by ATA-, as adbed, rephrase” (PE17/177). Thus it seems S. ad- could be used for general repetition, not merely repetition a second time.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ad- only for “re-, again”. For “back” I would use dan.
Reference ✧ PE17/167 ✧ “re-”
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| √ATA > #ad- | [at-] > [ad-] | ✧ PE17/167 |
N. ad- pref. “back, again, re-” (Category: Again)
References ✧ Ety/AT(AT); EtyAC/AT(AT)
Glosses
Changes
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ√AT(AT) > ad- | [at-] > [ad-] | ✧ Ety/AT(AT) |