Eldamo : Sindarin : gala-

S. gala- v. “to grow” (Category: to Grow)

S. gala-, v. “to grow” (Category: to Grow): G. lûda- “to bloom, grow”

An untranslated verb in notes from around 1962 along with a full paradigm of pronominal suffixes (PE17/131-132). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. galo “to grow” under the root ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALA), and the later Sindarin verb probably has the same meaning.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {cal- >>} caltha- “wax, grow, flourish” based on the early root ᴱ√cala having to do with growth (GL/25). Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document had altha- “to shoot up, grow (high)” (PE13/109).

References ✧ PE17/131-132

Variations

galad ✧ PE17/132

galast [should perhaps be, per the editors, amended to galað(id) to match] cerið(id) ✧ PE17/132
angol analogical after frequent ng- words aul ✧ PE17/131

Changes

galad >> galast ✧ PE17/132

Inflections

galod	gerund	✧ PE17/132
angol	past	✧ PE17/131
aul	past	✧ PE17/131
galammid	present 1st-dual-exclusive	✧ PE17/132
galangid	present 1st-dual-exclusive	✧ PE17/132
galam	present 1st-pl-exclusive	✧ PE17/132
galanc	present 1st-pl-inclusive	✧ PE17/132
galon	present 1st-sg	✧ PE17/131; PE17/132
galach	present 2nd-dual	✧ PE17/132
galast	present 2nd-dual-polite	✧ PE17/132
galagir	present 2nd-pl	✧ PE17/132: as singular, but may be pluralized
galaðir	present 2nd-pl-polite	✧ PE17/132: as singular, but may be pluralized
galog	present 2nd-sg	✧ PE17/131; PE17/132
galoð	present 2nd-sg-polite	✧ PE17/132
galast	present 3rd-dual	✧ PE17/132
galar	present 3rd-pl	✧ PE17/132
gala	present 3rd-sg	✧ PE17/131; PE17/132

Cognates

Q. ala-¹ “to plant, grow” ✧ PE17/132 (alanye); PE17/132 (alalye); PE17/132 (alatar); PE17/132 (alas/alasse); PE17/132; PE17/132 (alambe); PE17/132 (alalme); PE17/132 (alalle); PE17/132 (alaltar); PE17/132 (alante); PE17/132 (alar); PE17/132 (alammo); PE17/132 (alalmo); PE17/132 (alallo); PE17/132 (alastar); PE17/132 (alasto); PE17/132 (alat)

Derivations

< √GAL² “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom”
< *✶galā- “to grow (of plants)” ✧ PE17/131 (agālē)
- < ãlē < agālē ✧ PE17/131
- < √GAL² “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

✶agālē > ãlē > aul

[agālē] > [agāle] > [agǭle] > [aɣǭle] > [aɣaule] > [aɣaul] > [aul]

✧ PE17/131

N. gala- v. “to grow” (Category: to Grow)

See S. gala- for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²

Inflections

galo	infinitive	“to grow”	✧ EtyAC/GAL²
galo-	infinitive	“to grow”	✧ Ety/GALA

Derivations

< ᴹ√GAL² “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA (GALA); EtyAC/GAL² (GAL²)
< ON. #gala- “to grow”
- < ᴹ✶galā- “to grow” ✧ PE22/26 (galā́sŏ)
  - < galṓsǝ < galā́sŏ ✧ PE22/26
  - < ᴹ√GAL² “grow, thrive” ✧ PE22/98

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√GALA > galo-	[gala-]	✧ Ety/GALA
ᴹ√GAL² > galo	[gala-]	✧ EtyAC/GAL²

G. altha- v. “to shoot up, grow (high)” (Category: to Grow)

See S. gala- for discussion.

References ✧ PE13/109

Glosses

“to shoot up, grow (high)” ✧ PE13/109

Variations

altha- ✧ PE13/109

Changes

uil >> ail ✧ PE13/109

Inflections

ail	past	✧ PE13/109
awl	past	✧ PE13/109
uil	past	✧ PE13/109

G. caltha- v. “to wax, grow, flourish” (Category: to Grow)

See S. gala- for discussion.

References ✧ GL/25

Glosses

“wax, grow, flourish” ✧ GL/25

Variations

caltha- ✧ GL/25
cal- ✧ GL/25

ᴱ√cala = caltha- “wax, grow, flourish” ✧ GL/25

Changes

cal- >> caltha- “wax, grow, flourish” ✧ GL/25

Inflections

côli

past

✧ GL/25

Elements

ᴱ√KALA²	“*grow”	✧ GL/25 (cala)
#-tha¹	“verb suffix”	✧ GL/25 (#-tha)