Q. yu- pref. “both” (Category: Two)
A prefix for “both” derived from the root √YU of similar meaning (VT48/10; EtyAC/YŪ; PE23/101). It appeared as both yu- and yú-. The short-vowel form seems to be used when it precedes a consonant cluster (yunquë) or a heavy syllable (yucainen), while the long-vowel form is used before a light syllable (yúcale).
In the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s, ᴱQ. yú was glossed “twice” (PE14/51, 84), because in that document ᴱQ. yúyo was “two” (PE14/50, 82) instead of “both” as it was later. I think as the prefix yu- might still be used for “twice” in Tolkien’s later writings based on words like yunquë “twelve” = “*twice six” or yucainen “twenty” = “*twice ten”.
Conceptual Development: There is a prefix ᴱQ. ui- appearing in the Qenya Lexicon as an element in ᴱQ. uiven “twenty” (QL/33) that might be a precursor to yu-. This element is also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon along with a variant uivi, but there it was deleted (GL/74).
Reference ✧ VT48/10 ✧ “both”
Element In
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| √yu- > yu- | [ju-] | ✧ VT48/10 |
ᴹQ. yú- pref. “both” (Category: Two)
References ✧ EtyAC/YŪ; PE23/101-102
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Element In
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| ᴹ√YŪ > yū- | [jū-] | ✧ EtyAC/YŪ |
ᴱQ. yú adv. “twice” (Category: Double, Twice)
References ✧ PE14/51, 84
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Element In