Q. long vowels shortened before consonant clusters; [V̄CC|V̄tj|V̄kw] > [V̆CC|V̄tj|V̄kw]

Q. long vowels shortened before consonant clusters; [V̄CC|V̄tj|V̄kw] > [V̆CC|V̄tj|V̄kw]

In Eldarin languages in general, where a long vowel appears before a consonant cluster, that long vowel was shortened. This was true in Primitive Elvish, but also applied to long vowels that came into contact with clusters after Quenya-only sound changes like the Quenya syncope. For example:

It also applied to long vowels before consonant cluster from grammatical inflections such as pronominal suffixes:

Likely this remained an active sound change throughout the history of Quenya, but there are a few exceptions to this rule. In particular, a long vowel could survive before certain palatalized and labialized pairs such as ty and qu [kw], as discussed in the entry on how [j], [w] often became [i], [u] after consonant groups, for example: mátya (PE19/48, 100) or láquet- (PE22/167). Not coincidentally, both ty and qu are among the valid initial clusters in Quenya. Long vowels seem to survive before many of these clusters, such as ványe, válye “I won’t, you won’t” (PE22/162). But note the examples above of reduction before the clusters nw, ny, both of which can appear initially in Quenya.

Some scholars of Elvish languages think that these long-vowel-survivals indicate these initial and medial groups were actually unitary consonants: ty = [tʲ] or [c] rather than [tj], and qu = [kʷ] rather than [kw]. Tolkien himself generally referred to these combinations as “groups”, however (PE19/37, 80). Either way, the difference in pronunciation would be minimal. See [j], [w] often became [i], [u] after consonant groups for further discussion.

Phonetic Rule Elements

[āCC] > [ăCC]

Phonetic Rule Examples

mānwen > manwen āCC > ăCC Val. Mānawenūz > Mánwen > Q. Manwe ✧ WJ/399
matuβānjē > matuβanjē āCC > ăCC mat-ubā-ni/njē > Q. matuvanye ✧ PE22/132

ᴹQ. long vowels shortened before consonant clusters; [V̄CC|V̄tj|V̄kw] > [V̆CC|V̄tj|V̄kw]


ᴱQ. long vowels shortened before consonant clusters; [V̄CC] > [V̆CC]

Phonetic Rule Elements

[V̄CC] > [V̆CC]

Phonetic Rule Examples

dōrme > dorme V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√TAHA > tahorme > taorme > ᴱQ. torme ✧ QL/87
lūnde > lunde V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√LUHU > ᴱQ. lunde ✧ QL/56
māntḷ > mantḷ V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√MAHA > ᴱQ. mantl ✧ QL/57
rīsta- > rista- V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√RIẎI > ᴱQ. rista- ✧ QL/80
rōsta > rosta V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√ > ᴱQ. rosta ✧ QL/80
sāŋga- > saŋga- V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√SAHA > ᴱQ. sanga- ✧ QL/81
sēŋge > seŋge V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√SEHE > ᴱQ. senge ✧ QL/82
vāndḷ > vandḷ V̄CC > V̆CC ᴱ√VAHA > ᴱQ. vandl ✧ LT1A/Qalvanda