S. pae num. card. “ten” (Category: Cardinal Number)
The Sindarin word for “ten” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s (VT42/25; VT48/6). Its primitive form is ✶kwayam based on the root √kwaya originally referring to the whole (√KWA) set of ten fingers (VT42/24). In one place it had a longer variant pae(an) (VT48/21), which appeared in reduced form in the adjective paenui “tenth” (VT42/25).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Grammar of the 1910s had G. sath “10” of unclear derivation (GG/13). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. caer “ten” derived from a variant √KAYAR of the root ᴹ√KAYAN “ten” (Ety/KAYAN), where the -r was borrowed from neder “nine” (EtyAC/KAYAN). In notes probably from the late 1950s Tolkien had caen- or cae “ten” (PE17/95), a form Tolkien probably used for some time given nelchaenen “thirtieth” from around 1950 (SD/129) and caenui “tenth” from the late 1960s (VT42/10), a rejected form of paenui appearing in the same 1960s notes on numbers mentioned above.
References ✧ VT42/25; VT48/6, 21
Glosses
Variations
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
S. caen num. card. “ten” (Category: Cardinal Number)
Reference ✧ PE17/95 ✧ caen-/cae “ten”
Element In
Cognates
N. caer¹ num. card. “ten” (Category: Cardinal Number)
References ✧ Ety/KAYAN; EtyAC/KAYAN
Glosses
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ√KAYAR > caer | [kajra] > [kaira] > [kair] > [kaer] | ✧ Ety/KAYAN |
G. sath num. card. “ten” (Category: Cardinal Number)
Reference ✧ GG/13 ✧ “10”
Element In