Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : KWA

√KWA root. “complete, full, whole, all, every”

√KWA root. “complete, full, whole, all, every; ⚠️[ᴹ√] something”

A root, frequently but not universally suffixal, indicating completion or fullness. The first appearance of this root was ᴹ√KWA “something” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, serving as the basis for ᴹQ. il-qa “everything, *all-thing” (EtyAC/KWA). √KWA reappeared in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 glossed “completion” (WJ/392) or “full” (WJ/412), with extended form √KWAN and the verbal variant √KWAT “fill”. It appeared again in various notes from the late 1960s on numbering systems, glossed “full, complete, all, every” (VT42/24), “whole, complete, all” (VT47/7), or “complete, full, all, the whole” (VT47/17). In these notes it was connected to Tolkien’s latest word for “ten” from this period: ✶kwayam > Q. quean or S. pae. Since the root √IL was usually used for “all”, I think it is more accurate to attribute the sense “complete(ness)” or “full(ness)” to √KWA.

References ✧ VT42/24; VT47/7, 17; WJ/392, 412, 415

Glosses

“complete, full, all, the whole” ✧ VT47/17 (kwā̆)
“completion” ✧ WJ/392
“full” ✧ WJ/412
“full, complete, all, every” ✧ VT42/24
“whole, complete, all” ✧ VT47/7 (kwā)

Variations

KWA ✧ VT42/24; WJ/392; WJ/412
kwā ✧ VT47/7; WJ/415
kwā̆ ✧ VT47/17
KWAN ✧ WJ/392

KWA “completion” also appears as KWAN ✧ WJ/392
KWA “completion” cannot be fully separated from KWATA “fill” ✧ WJ/392

Derivatives

⇒ ᴺQ. !qualöa(va) “annual, yearly, perennial (year as whole)”
⇒ ᴺQ. !qualussë “perfect tense, (lit.) full tense”
> ᴺQ. !qua(na) “all, complete, entire, full, the whole”
⇒ ᴺQ. !quaran “full-moon”
⇒ ᴺS. !paron “full-moon”
> ✶akwā “fully, completely, altogether, wholly” ✧ WJ/415
- > Q. aqua “fully, completely, altogether, wholly” ✧ WJ/392
  - ⇒ Q. aquapahtië “privacy, *(lit.) full-closedness”
> ✶-ikwā “-ful, adjectival suffix” ✧ WJ/412; WJ/415
- ⇒ ✶aklari(n)kwā “full of glory”
  - > Q. alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant” ✧ PE17/24
    - ⇒ Q. Alcarin “Glorious”
    - ⇒ Q. Alcarinquë “Glorious”
  - > S. aglareb “glorious, brilliant” ✧ PE17/24
    - ⇒ S. Dagor Aglareb “Glorious Battle” ✧ S/115; SA/aglar
- ⇒ ✶erikwa “single, alone”
  - > Q. erinqua “single, alone” ✧ VT42/10
  - > S. ereb “single, alone, lonely” ✧ VT42/10
    - ⇒ S. Amon Ereb “Lonely Hill” ✧ SA/er
    - ⇒ S. Bar Erib “*House of the Lonely Ones” ✧ UT/153
    - ⇒ S. Erebor “Lonely Mountain”
- > Q. -inqua “-ful, complete” ✧ WJ/412
  - ⇒ 10 compounds
- > S. -eb “adjective suffix” ✧ WJ/412
  - ⇒ 9 compounds
> ✶-kwā “-ful”
> √KWAT “fill; full” ✧ WJ/392; WJ/412
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !hwat- “to spill”
- > Q. quanta “full, filled” ✧ PE17/68
  - ⇒ 7 compounds
- > Q. quanta- “to fill” ✧ PE17/68
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !anquantaina “complete, thoroughly filled”
  - ⇒ Q. ataquanta- “*to refill, fill a second time, double fill”
  - ⇒ Q. enquanta- “to refill” ✧ PE17/68; PE17/68
    - ⇒ 5 compounds
- > Q. quat- “to fill” ✧ WJ/392
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !amaquat- “to fulfill, (lit.) up fill”
- > S. #pant “full”
  - ⇒ 5 compounds
⇒ √KWAY “ten” ✧ VT42/24
- > ✶kwayam “10” ✧ VT42/24
  - > Q. quëan “ten”
    - ⇒ 22 compounds
  - > S. pae “ten”
    - ⇒ 17 compounds
  - > T. pai(n) “ten”
⇒ ✶makwā “a hand-full, complete hand with all five fingers” ✧ VT47/7
- > Q. maqua “hand-full, group of five (similar) things; hand (colloquial); closing or closed [hand] (facing down) for taking” ✧ VT47/6; VT47/7; VT47/19
  - ⇒ Q. maquanotië “decimal system”
- > S. mâb “hand” ✧ VT47/6; VT47/7; VT47/19
  - ⇒ ᴺS. ^mablanthos “sycamore”
  - ⇒ ᴺS. ^mabren “handed, having hands, dextrous”
    - ⇒ ᴺS. ^mabrenas “dexterity”
  - ⇒ S. Mablung “Heavy Hand” ✧ VT47/8
- > T. mapa “hand” ✧ VT47/6; VT47/7; VT47/19
  - > T. mapa- “to take hold of, grasp” ✧ VT47/7
> S. #pân “all”