Eldamo : Quenya : orta-²

Q. orta-² v. (ta-formative) “to rise” (Category: to Rise)

⚠️Q. orta-², v. (ta-formative) “to rise” (Category: to Rise): Q. orya-¹ “to rise”

Tolkien defined an intransitive verb orta- “to rise” based on the root √OR “rise”, first mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s where Tolkien had ᴹQ. orta- glossed both transitive “raise” and intransitive “rise” (Ety/ORO). This intransitive verb reappeared in Quenya Verbal System of 1948 as ta-formative ort(a), contrasted with ta-causative ᴹQ. ortā́ “raise, lift” = “*make rise” (PE22/114). In this paradigm, intransitive “rise” was distinguished from transitive “raise” mainly in its half-strong past tense oronte “rose” (or archaic †ronte), as opposed weak past ortane “raised, lifted” (PE22/115).

In QVS, Tolkien gave another intransitive verb ᴹQ. orya-, and said “to avoid the confusion with the causatives -ya was preferred for intransitives: so oryane, rose, ortane, raised” (PE22/115). This seems to indicate orya- “rise” was preferred. Despite this, intransitive orta- “rise” continued to appear in Tolkien later writings (PE17/52, 64; PE21/77; PE22/164) as an alternate to orya- “rise”, which appeared regularly as well (see that entry for details).

Conceptual Development: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer the more distinctive verb orya- for “rise”, and I use orta- only for transitive “raise”. However, some Neo-Quenya writers like the idea of a transitive/intransitive verb distinguished by different past forms. For example Helge Fauskanger used orta- for both “rise” and “raise” in his Neo-Quenya New Testament (NQNT).

References ✧ PE17/52, 64; PE21/77; PE22/157, 159, 164

Glosses

“rise” ✧ PE17/52; PE17/64 (órta-); PE22/164

Variations

orta ✧ PE17/52; PE22/164
órta- ✧ PE17/64
ortă ✧ PE22/157

orta-¹ “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise” vs. orta-² “to rise”
óryă “rise” [is a variant of] órta- “rise” ✧ PE17/64

Changes

ortea >> ortia ✧ PE22/157
orórtie >> orórie ✧ PE22/157
†ortia >> ortya ✧ PE22/159
ōrtie >> (or)ortie ✧ PE22/164
orortaye >> orortie ✧ PE22/164

Inflections

orta	aorist		✧ PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164
ortan	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
ortuva	future		✧ PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164; PE22/164
oronte	past; half-strong-past		✧ PE17/64: intransitive
oronte	past; half-strong-past		✧ PE22/157; PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164; PE22/164
oronter	past plural; half-strong-past	“arose”	✧ PE21/77
(or)ortie	perfect		✧ PE22/164
orortaye	perfect		✧ PE22/164
orortie	perfect		✧ PE22/159: later
orortie	perfect		✧ PE22/164
orórie	perfect; strong-perfect		✧ PE22/157; PE22/159; PE22/164
orórie	perfect; strong-perfect		✧ PE22/159: [in brackets]
orórtie	perfect		✧ PE22/157
ōrtie	perfect; augmentless		✧ PE22/164
ortea	present		✧ PE22/157
ortea	present		✧ PE22/159
ortia	present		✧ PE22/157
†ortia	present		✧ PE22/159: old
ortya	present		✧ PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164
†[ort]iyan	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
ortian	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164

Elements

✶-tă

“verb suffix (intransitive)”

✧ PE17/52 (ta)

Element In

ᴺQ. !enortalë “resurrection”
Q. Eldar oronter “the Elves arose” ✧ PE21/77

Derivations

< √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount” ✧ PE17/63 (OR/ORO)

Phonetic Developments

√OR/ORO > órta-

[orta-]

✧ PE17/64

ᴹQ. orta-² v. (ta-formative) “to rise” (Category: to Rise)

See Q. orta-² for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/ORO; PE22/100, 104, 106-107, 109, 111, 114-115