ᴱ✶[ɸ] ‹f›

⚠️ᴱ✶[ɸ] ‹f›

References ✧ PE12/15, 20

Variations

• f ✧ PE12/15
• ꝑ ✧ PE12/20

Element In

• ᴱ✶p-series ✧ PE12/15
• ᴱ✶voiceless-spirants ✧ PE12/15 (voiceless spirant)

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [ɸx] became [f]	ɸx	>	f	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑx > fh > f)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z]	ɸt	>	pt	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑt > pt)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z]	ɸs	>	ps	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑs > ps)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops after nasals	mɸ	>	mp	✧ PE12/20 (nasal + ꝑ > mp)
ᴱQ. final [ɸ] became [xʷ]	-ɸ	>	-xʷ	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ > ƕ)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ]	ɸxʷ	>	xʷxʷ	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ + x͡w > xx͡w)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants voiced before voiced continuants	ɸ{βmnŋrljw}	>	β{βmnŋrljw}	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ or f > ƀ; before voiced spirants, before n, r, l, ı̯, u̯)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants voiced after liquids	lɸ	>	lβ	✧ PE12/20 (liquids + ꝑ > lb)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants voiced after liquids	rɸ	>	rβ	✧ PE12/20 (liquids + ꝑ > rb)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸ	>	f	✧ PE12/16 (ꝑ > f)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸɣʷ	>	f	✧ PE12/20 (fw̑ > f)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸðʲ	>	j̊	✧ PE12/20 (fy̑ > hy)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸu	>	βu	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ > ƀ; before ū̆)
ᴱQ. intervocalic voiceless spirants became voiced	VfV	>	VvV	✧ PE12/16 (f > v (w); medial); PE12/20 (ꝑ or f > f > v; between vowels)