S. ped- v. “to say, speak” (Category: to Speak, Talk)

S. ped-, v. “to say, speak” (Category: to Speak, Talk)

References ✧ Let/424; LotR/305, 308; PE17/18, 40, 144-145, 167; PE23/143; SA/quen; VT41/11; VT44/26; VT50/20

Glosses

• “say” ✧ PE17/40

Variations

• ped- ✧ PE17/40

Changes

• pent >> phent ✧ VT50/20

Inflections

Pedo	imperative		✧ PE17/40
pedo	imperative	“Say”	✧ Let/424; LotR/308
pedo	imperative	“speak”	✧ LotR/305; PE23/143; SA/quen
pedo	imperative		✧ PE17/18
pedo	imperative	“say”	✧ VT44/26
phent	liquid-mutation past; p-mutation	“*said”	✧ VT50/20
úbed	negative-quasi-participle	“not saying”	✧ PE17/144
pent	past	“*said”	✧ VT50/20
#bed	soft-mutation; p-mutation		✧ PE17/145
bed	soft-mutation; p-mutation		✧ PE17/167
bêd	soft-mutation present; p-mutation	“tells”	✧ VT41/11

Elements

-o

“imperative”

✧ PE17/40

Element In

• ᴺS. !athrabed- “to discuss, exchange words”
• ᴺS. !dambed- “to answer”
• ᴺS. !mabed- “to ask [a question]”
• S. aphed- “to answer”
• S. ephed- “to say out”
• S. pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter; (alternately) say ‘friend’ and enter” ✧ LotR/305; LotR/308; PE17/40; PE23/143
• S. *pedui “*utterable, pronouncable, able to be spoken”
• S. pedweg “talkative, saying a lot”
• S. adbed- “to rephrase” ✧ PE17/167
• S. ar·phent Rían Tuor·na: man agorech? “*and said Rían to Tuor: what have we done?” ✧ VT50/5
• S. guren bêd enni “my heart tells me” ✧ VT41/11
• S. pedo beth mellon “say the word mellon” ✧ PE23/143; VT44/26
• S. penbed “not pronouncable” ✧ PE17/145 (pen-bed)

Cognates

• Q. quet- “to say, speak, tell” ✧ PE17/40 (quĕt-); SA/quen
• T. pet- “to tell”

Derivations

• < √KWET “say, speak, utter words” ✧ SA/quen (quet-)
  • < √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Phonetic Developments

√quet- > pedo

[kwet-] > [pet-] > [ped-]

✧ SA/quen

N. ped- v. “to speak” (Category: to Speak, Talk)

References ✧ TI/182

Inflections

pedo

imperative

“speak”

✧ TI/182

Element In

• N. ubed “denial”
• N. pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter” ✧ TI/182

ᴱN. ped- v. “to say” (Category: to Say)

References ✧ PE13/132, 152, 164

Glosses

• “say” ✧ PE13/132; PE13/164
• “to say” ✧ PE13/164

Variations

• ped- ✧ PE13/132; PE13/164; PE13/164

Related

• peth “word” see ped- “say” ✧ PE13/164

Changes

• pennigog >> penniog ✧ PE13/164

Inflections

pedaint	aorist		✧ PE13/164: aor. later
pedint	aorist		✧ PE13/164: aor. later
peint	aorist		✧ PE13/164: aor. later
†pint	aorist		✧ PE13/164: aor.
pennigog	aorist masc		✧ PE13/164
penniog	aorist masc		✧ PE13/164
peda	infinitive	“to say”	✧ PE13/152
pent	passive-participle		✧ PE13/164: pp.
pedaint	past		✧ PE13/152: recent
†pint	past		✧ PE13/152: ONo.
pedenni	past plural		✧ PE13/152
†pinthi	past plural		✧ PE13/152
ped	present	“says”	✧ PE13/152
ped	present		✧ PE13/164: pres.
pedain	present fem plural		✧ PE13/152: fem. pl.
pedeg	present masc		✧ PE13/164
pedog	present masc		✧ PE13/152: masc.
pedir	present plural		✧ PE13/164

Element In

• ᴱN. peidion “sayer, soothsayer” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

• < ᴱ√QETE “*speak”

G. cwed- v. “to say, tell” (Category: to Say)

References ✧ GL/28; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin

Glosses

• “say, tell” ✧ GL/28; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin

Variations

• cwed- ✧ GL/28; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin

Changes

• cwenti >> cwenthi ✧ GL/28

Inflections

cwenthi	past	✧ GL/28; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin
cwenti	past	✧ GL/28

Element In

• G. cwedri “telling (of tales)” ✧ GL/28; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin

Cognates

• ᴱQ. qet- “to speak, talk” ✧ LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin

Derivations

• < ᴱ√QETE “*speak” ✧ LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√QETE > cwed-

[kʷet-] > [kʷed-]

✧ LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin