G. voiceless stops mostly voiced after vowels; [V{ptk}|{pk}θ] > [V{bdg}|{pk}θ]
Reference ✧ PE12/17 ✧ voiced stops became spirants after vowels
Order (05500)
After | 05300 | [tl], [dl], [ðl] became [kl], [gl] | ᴱ✶tet’l-asse > G. teglos | GL/70 |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
akra > agra | Vk > Vg | ᴱ√aka· > G. agra | ✧ GL/17 |
aikos > aigos | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶aikasse > G. aigos | ✧ GL/17 |
ēk > ēg | Vk > Vg | ᴱ√EI̯KA > G. eg | ✧ QL/29 |
gaik > gaig | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶yai-ka > G. gaig | ✧ GL/43 |
grōk > grōg | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶ʒǝroukē > G. grôg | ✧ QL/32 |
gʷek > gʷeg | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶gu̯eg- > G. gweg | ✧ GL/44 |
gʷekē > gʷegē | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶u̯ǝkḗ > G. gweg | ✧ PE13/117 |
hauk > hauk | Vk > Vg | #ᴱ√haw- > G. haug | ✧ GL/48 |
helek > heleg | Vk > Vg | ᴱ√χele-k > G. heleg | ✧ GL/48 |
kauk > kaug | Vk > Vg | ᴱ√kava- > G. caug | ✧ GL/25 |
kauk > kaug | Vk > Vg | ᴱ√kava- > G. caug | ✧ GL/25 |
lēk > lēg | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶leika > G. leg | ✧ GL/53 |
ndolmek > ndolmeg | Vk > Vg | ᴱ√ndolo- > G. dolmeg | ✧ GL/30 |
ndrok > ndrog | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶norokā́ > G. drog | ✧ GL/31 |
smaik > smaig | Vk > Vg | ᴱ✶smaika- > G. faig | ✧ GL/33 |
tarok > tarog | Vk > Vg | #ᴱ✶taruku- > G. tarog | ✧ GL/69 |
aipin > aibin | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√aı̯¹ > G. aibin | ✧ GL/18 |
gop > gob | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√kop- > G. gob | ✧ GL/40 |
gopos > gobos | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√KOPO > G. gobos | ✧ LT1A/Kópas |
hapax > habax | Vp > Vb | ᴱ✶χı̯ap > G. habach | ✧ GL/47 |
hapin > habin | Vp > Vb | ᴱ✶χı̯ap > G. habin | ✧ GL/47 |
klip- > klib- | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√tḷp- > G. clib- | ✧ GL/26 |
kʷipra- > kʷibra- | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√QIP > G. cwibra- | ✧ GL/28 |
ndrip- > ndrib- | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√nṛq- > G. drib- | ✧ GL/30 |
saip > saib | Vp > Vb | ᴱ√SAYAP > G. saib | ✧ GL/66 |
beðiat > beðiad | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√Beđ > G. †bedhiod | ✧ GL/22 |
blit- > blid- | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√vḷt > G. blid | ✧ GL/23 |
britol > bridol | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√vṛt > G. Bridol | ✧ GL/24 |
gat > gad | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√yat- > G. gad | ✧ GL/36 |
gata- > gada- | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√yat- > G. gada- | ✧ GL/36 |
gatr > gadr | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√yat- > G. gadr | ✧ GL/36 |
gatw > gadw | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√yat- > G. gadu | ✧ GL/36 |
get > ged | Vt > Vd | #ᴱ√ʒet- > G. ged | ✧ GL/43 |
gōt > gōd | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√yat- > G. gôd | ✧ GL/36 |
gotra > godra | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√yat- > G. godra | ✧ GL/36 |
gomot > gomod | Vt > Vd | ᴱ✶ŋwa·mat > G. gomod | ✧ GL/44 |
gʷaɣet > gʷaɣed | Vt > Vd | ᴱ✶ŋuaʒet- > gwa’ed > G. gwaid | ✧ GL/43 |
gʷaɣes > gʷaɣes | Vt > Vd | ᴱ✶ŋuaʒet- > G. gwais | ✧ GL/43 |
gʷet- > gʷed- | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√gu̯et > G. gwed-¹ | ✧ GL/46 |
gʷet > gʷed | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√gwed² > G. gwed | ✧ GL/46 |
kʷet- > kʷed- | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√QETE > G. cwed- | ✧ LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin |
laut > laud | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√lutu- > G. laud | ✧ GL/53 |
mbritwen > mbridwen | Vt > Vd | ᴱ√mṛt > G. Bridwen | ✧ GL/24 |
blekθa > blekθa | kθ > kθ | ᴱ√melek/mbelek/belek > G. blectha | ✧ GL/22 |
krekθa- > krekθa- | kθ > kθ | ᴱ√kerek- > G. crectha- | ✧ GL/27 |
trikθon > trikθon | kθ > kθ | ᴱ√tṛk > G. tricthon | ✧ GL/69 |
kʷipθa- > kʷipθa- | pθ > pθ | ᴱ√QIP > G. cwiptha- | ✧ GL/28 |
sapθa- > sapθa- | pθ > pθ | ᴱ√sab- > G. saptha- | ✧ GL/67 |