Q. [p]

Q. [p]

References ✧ PE18/91-92, 94; PE19/69, 80, 83-85, 87, 95, 101

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

Q. [no change] p < p ✧ PE19/69 (p > p)
{ptk}p < {ptk}pʰ ✧ PE18/91 (pph > pp)
Q. [pt], [kt] became [ɸt], [xt] ɸt < pt ✧ PE19/84 (pth > ꝑt); PE19/84 (pt > ꝑt); PE19/85 (pʰt > ꝑt); PE19/87 (pth > ꝑtʰ > ꝑt)
Q. [pw] became [pp] pp < pw ✧ PE19/85 (pƕ > pp)
Q. [sp], [sk] became [ps], [ks] ps < sp ✧ PE18/94 (sp > ps); PE19/83 (sp > ps); PE19/84 (sp > ps; metathesized); PE19/95 (sp > ps); PE19/101 (sp > ps)
AQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals p- < mp- ✧ PE18/92 (mp > p-)

ᴹQ. [p]

References ✧ PE19/37-38, 50; PE22/65

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [no change] p < p ✧ PE19/37 (p > p); PE19/50 (p > p); PE19/50 (pp > pp); PE19/50 (ps > ps); PE19/50 (py > py)
ᴹAQ. nasals became voiceless stops before aspirates ppʰ < mpʰ ✧ PE19/50 (mph > pp)
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops pp < ppʰ ✧ PE19/50 (pph > pp)
ᴹQ. [sp], [sk] became [ps], [ks] ps < sp ✧ PE19/37 (sp > ps); PE19/38 (sp > ps; initial); PE19/50 (sp > ps)
ᴹQ. initial [ps], [ks] became [s] ps- > s- ✧ PE19/37 (ps > s; initial)

ᴱQ. [p]

References ✧ PE12/16, 18, 20, 22, 26; PE14/41, 60

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [no change] p < p ✧ PE12/16 (p > p)
ᴱQ. [x] assimilated to preceding stop pp < px ✧ PE12/18 (pχ > pp)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z] pt < ɸt ✧ PE12/20 (ꝑt > pt)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z] ps < ɸs ✧ PE12/20 (ꝑs > ps)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops after nasals mp < mɸ ✧ PE12/20 (nasal + ꝑ > mp)
ᴱQ. voiceless stop assimilated to following voiceless stop except [t] pp < kp ✧ PE12/22 (kp > pp)
ᴱQ. voiceless stop assimilated to following voiceless stop except [t] pp < tp ✧ PE12/22 (tp > pp)
ᴱQ. [pp] became [pt] pp > pt ✧ PE12/18 (pp > pt); PE12/22 (pp > pt); PE12/22 (pp > pt)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -ps > -s ✧ PE12/26 (ps > -s)