Eldamo : Sindarin : galadh

S. galadh n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))

S. galadh, n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA² “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

References ✧ LB/354; Let/426; LotR/1113; MR/182, 470; NM/349, 352; PE17/25, 50, 60, 63, 97, 136, 153; RGEO/65; SA/alda, kal; UT/267

Glosses

“tree” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; MR/182 (galað); MR/470 (galað); NM/349 (galað); NM/352 (galað); PE17/25; PE17/50; PE17/60 (galað); PE17/63; PE17/136; PE17/153 (galað); RGEO/65; SA/alda; SA/kal; UT/267

Variations

galadh ✧ LB/354; Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/25; PE17/50; PE17/63; PE17/136; RGEO/65; SA/alda; SA/kal; UT/267
galað ✧ MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/60; PE17/153; PE17/153

Galadriel “Lady with garland of sunlight” only accidentally resembled galað “tree” ✧ MR/182
glad “wood”
†orn “tree” replaced by galadh “tree” ✧ UT/267

Inflections

Ngelaið	nasal-mutation plural; g-mutation		✧ PE17/60
geledhion/galaðon	old-genitive plural	“of trees”	✧ PE17/97

Element In

S. Bregalad “Quickbeam; (lit.) Quick (Lively) Tree”
S. Caras Galadhon “City of the Trees” ✧ Let/426; NM/351; SA/alda; UT/267
S. Galadhon
S. galadhremmen “tree-meshed” ✧ PE17/136
S. Galadhrim “Tree-people” ✧ Let/426; PE17/50; SA/alda; UT/267
S. Galadlóriel “Golden Rain, (lit.) Golden Tree”
S. Galador
S. Galadwen
S. Galathilion “White Tree”
S. Gelennil “Lover of Trees”
S. †lais geledhion “leaves of trees” ✧ PE17/97
S. o galadhremmin ennorath “from tree-tangled middle-lands” ✧ PE17/20
S. Orgaladh “Day of the Tree, *Tuesday”
S. Orgaladhad “Day of the Two Trees, *Tuesday”
S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/60 (Caras (i)Ngelelaið)
S. Galadriel “Glittering-garland” ✧ SA/kal (Galadhriel); UT/267 (Galadhriel)
S. si loth a galadh lasto dîn “*here flower and tree listen [in] silence” ✧ LB/354

Cognates

Nan. galad “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/50; PE17/60
Q. alda “tree” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; NM/352; PE17/25; PE17/50; PE17/63; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda
T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

< ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352 (galada); PE17/25; PE17/50; PE17/63; PE17/135; PE17/153 (galadā́); PE17/153; UT/266
- < galað < galaða < galadā ✧ PE17/135
- < √GAL² “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom” ✧ Let/426; PE17/25 (GALA); PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153
- < ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  - < ᴹ√GAL² “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA (GALA)

Phonetic Developments

✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ Let/426
✶galada > galað	[galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ NM/352
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/25
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/50
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/63
✶galadā > galaða > galað > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/136
✶galadā́ > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ UT/267

N. galadh n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))

See S. galadh for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/GALAD; LR/41; PE22/47; SD/302; TI/249

Glosses

“tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/41; SD/302 (galað); TI/249 (Galað)

Variations

galadh ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/41; PE22/47
galað ✧ SD/302; TI/249

Element In

N. Argalad “Tree Day”
N. Argaladath “*Day of the Trees”
N. Bregalad “Quickbeam”
N. Caras Galadon
N. Galadhon
N. Galadhor ✧ Ety/GALAD
N. Galadlevnar “Week of the Trees”
N. Galadloriel “Golden Rain” ✧ Ety/GALAD
N. Galador ✧ Ety/GALAD
N. Galadriel
N. Galdaran
N. Galadhrien “Tree-lady” ✧ TI/249
N. Galathilion “White Tree of Valinor” ✧ Ety/GALAD (Galathilvion); Ety/GALAD
N. Galathir “Tree-lord” ✧ TI/249

Cognates

Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/41; PE22/47 (’alda); SD/302

Derivations

< ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD (GÁLAD); Ety/GALAD (GÁLAD)
- < ᴹ√GAL² “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA (GALA)
< ᴹ✶galadā “tree” ✧ SD/302
- < ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  - < ᴹ√GAL² “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA (GALA)

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ✶galadā > galað

[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]

✧ SD/302

G. †alwen n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))

See S. galadh for discussion.

References ✧ GL/19; LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin, Galdor; PE13/109; PE15/24

Glosses

“tree” ✧ LT2/215; PE15/24; GL/19 (†alwen); LT2A/Galdor (†alwen); PE13/109 (†alwen)

†alwen “tree” = orn “tree” ✧ GL/19
†alwen “tree” = orn “tree” ✧ LT2A/Galdor
†alwen “tree” = orn ✧ PE13/109

Elements

âl	“wood (material)”	✧ GL/19
#-wen¹	“noun suffix”	✧ GL/19 (#-wen)

Element In

G. Nos nan Alwen “men of the tree” ✧ LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; PE15/24

Cognates

ᴱQ. alda “tree, branch” ✧ LT2A/Galdor