S. galadh n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))
The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA² “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).
References ✧ LB/354; Let/426; LotR/1113; MR/182, 470; NM/349, 352; PE17/25, 50, 60, 63, 97, 136, 153; PE23/136, 139; RGEO/65; SA/alda, kal; UT/267
Glosses
Variations
Related
Inflections
| Ngelaið | nasal-mutation plural; g-mutation | ✧ PE17/60 | |
| i·ngelaið | nasal-mutation plural; g-mutation | “the trees” | ✧ PE23/139 |
| geledhion/galaðon | old-genitive plural | “of trees” | ✧ PE17/97 |
| alað | soft-mutation; g-mutation | “tree” | ✧ PE23/136 |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ✶galadā > galadh | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ Let/426 |
| ✶galada > galað | [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ NM/352 |
| ✶galadā > galadh | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ PE17/25 |
| ✶galadā > galadh | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ PE17/50 |
| ✶galadā > galadh | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ PE17/63 |
| ✶galadā > galaða > galað > galadh | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ PE17/136 |
| ✶galadā́ > galað | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ PE17/153 |
| ✶galadā > galað | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ PE17/153 |
| ✶galadā > galadh | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ UT/267 |
N. galadh n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))
References ✧ Ety/GALAD; LR/41; PE22/47; SD/302; TI/249
Glosses
Variations
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ✶galadā > galað | [galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað] | ✧ SD/302 |
G. †alwen n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))
References ✧ GL/19; LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin, Galdor; PE13/109; PE15/24
Glosses
Related
Elements
| âl | “wood (material)” | ✧ GL/19 |
| #-wen¹ | “noun suffix” | ✧ GL/19 (#-wen) |
Element In
Cognates
G. galdon n. “tree” (Category: Tree (generic))
References ✧ LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin, Galdor; PE13/104; PE15/24
Glosses
Related
Changes
Element In