Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : UR

√UR root. “heat, be hot”

√UR root. “heat, be hot”: ᴹ√AR¹ “day”; ᴱ√AWA “burn; be parched, yellow, warm”; ᴹ√DUS “?burn”; ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot”; ᴱ√TORO “*bake”; ᴹ√UR² “wide, large, great”

This root was connected to “heat” for most of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√URU in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. úrin “(blazing) hot”, ᴱQ. uru “fire”, G. urin “hot, very hot”, and G. urna- “blaze, burn” (QL/98; GL/75). In this early period it was blended with the root ᴱ√UŘU with variant ᴱ√USU which had derivatives like ᴱQ. urna “oven” and ᴱQ. usta- “burn” (QL/98). This second root had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. gund “boil, pus” and gusta- “burn, destroy” from primitive *gudh (GL/42), indicating the actual root form was *ᴱ√ƷUÐU.

*ᴱ√ƷUÐU seems to have been abandoned in Tolkien’s later writings, but ᴹ√UR “be hot” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. úr/N. ûr “fire” and ᴹQ. urya- “blaze” (Ety/UR). This entry was deleted and replaced by ᴹ√UR “wide, large, great”. This was likely a transient change, however, as ᴹQ. Úrin as a name of the Sun remained in contemporaneous Silmarillion drafts (LR/240). Indeed primitive √UR appeared several times in later writings as the basis for words for “sunlight”, “fire” and “heat” (PE17/120, 148; PE21/71; PE22/160).

References ✧ PE17/120, 148, 188; PE22/160; SA/ur

Glosses

“heat” ✧ PE22/160
“heat, be hot” ✧ SA/ur

UR has a sense similar to AS “warmth” ✧ PE17/148
ᴹ√AR¹ “day” was in some senses later replaced by UR “heat, be hot”
Q. úra “torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot” [with its meaning] owing to contact with UR “heat” ✧ PE22/160

Derivatives

> Ad. ûri “sun”
- ⇒ Ad. Ûrî “(Lady of the) Sun” ✧ SD/426
- > Wes. uir “sun” ✧ SD/306
> ᴺQ. úrin “(blazing) hot”
> ᴺQ. urna “oven”
⇒ ᴺQ. !urpalda “stove plate”
⇒ ᴺQ. !urruxa “livid, furious, enraged, incensed, (lit.) hot-wroth”
> ᴺQ. ^urta- “to burn”
⇒ ᴺQ. !ur(u)ma “coal, charcoal”
> ᴺQ. urwa “on fire, afire”
> ᴺS. !ora- “to heat up”
⇒ ᴺS. !ordh “boil, pus”
> ᴺS. ^orna- “to burn (tr. and intr.)”
- ⇒ ᴺS. !urnui “inflammable; touchy, irritable; ⚠️explosive”
> ᴺS. ^uru “brazier, grate”
> ✶auri “heat, period of sun” ✧ PE17/148
- ⇒ ᴺS. !orest “hour”
- > Q. aurë “day (as opposed to night), daylight, sunlight, morning” ✧ PE17/148
  - ⇒ 13 compounds
- > S. aur “(whole) day” ✧ PE17/148
  - ⇒ 13 compounds
> ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)”
- > S. *ûr “fire” ✧ PE21/71
  - ⇒ S. Úrui “August, *Hot-one”
  - ⇒ S. Urwen
> Q. aurë “day (as opposed to night), daylight, sunlight, morning” ✧ PE17/120; SA/ur
- ⇒ 13 compounds
> Q. úrë “heat”
- ⇒ Q. Úrimë “August, *Hot-one”
> Q. Úrimë “August, *Hot-one” ✧ SA/ur
> Q. Úr(in) “Sun” ✧ PE17/148
⇒ Q. urulócë “fire-serpent, fire-drake” ✧ SA/ur
> Q. urya- “to be hot” ✧ PE17/148
> S. ?uir “*fiery”
- ⇒ S. Anguirel “*Iron-of-the-fiery-star” ✧ SA/anga
> S. Úrui “August, *Hot-one” ✧ SA/ur

ᴹ√UR¹ root. “be hot”

See √UR for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/BERÉK, LOK, UR

Glosses

“be hot” ✧ Ety/UR (UR)

Derivatives

> ᴹQ. úr “fire, heat” ✧ Ety/UR
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !urulanya “wick, (lit.) fire-thread”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. úruva “fiery, [ᴱQ.] like fire”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !ussar “sulphur, (lit.) fire-stone”
> ᴹQ. Úrin “Sun, (lit.) Fiery” ✧ Ety/UR
- ⇒ ᴹQ. Úrien¹ “Sun-maiden” ✧ SM/97
> ᴹQ. uruite “fiery” ✧ Ety/UR
⇒ ᴹQ. urulóke “fire-dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK
> ᴹQ. úruva “fiery” ✧ Ety/UR
> ᴹQ. urya- “to blaze” ✧ Ety/UR
⇒ N. bregedur “wild fire” ✧ Ety/BERÉK
- ⇒ N. Dagor Vregedúr “Battle of Sudden Fire” ✧ Ety/BERÉK; Ety/UR; EtyAC/MERÉK
> N. ûr¹ “fire” ✧ Ety/UR
- ⇒ N. bregedur “wild fire” ✧ Ety/UR
  - ⇒ [see above]
- ⇒ N. Úrui “August, *Hot-one”

*ᴱ√ƷUÐU root. “*burn”

See √UR for discussion.

References ✧ GL/42; LT1A/Ûr; QL/98

Variations

gudh ✧ GL/42
USU ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98; QL/98
UŘU ✧ QL/98; QL/98

URU cp. USU ✧ QL/98
URU cp. UŘU ✧ QL/98

Derivatives

> ᴱQ. hus- “to burn (tr.)”
> ᴱQ. Úrion ✧ QL/98
> ᴱQ. urna “oven” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
> ᴱQ. urya- “to burn (intr.)” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
> ᴱQ. usta- “to burn (tr.)” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
> G. gudh- “to be hot (intr.)” ✧ GL/42; GL/42
- ⇒ G. gudhri “inflammation; conflagration” ✧ GL/42
  - ⇒ G. gudhrin “inflamed, burning hot” ✧ GL/42
  - ⇒ G. gudhriol “inflamed, inflammatory” ✧ GL/42
> G. gund “boil, pus” ✧ GL/42
> G. gusta- “to burn (tr.), destroy” ✧ GL/42

ᴱ√URU root.

See √UR for discussion.

References ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98

URU cp. USU ✧ QL/98
URU cp. UŘU ✧ QL/98

Derivatives

> ᴱQ. Ûr “Sun, (lit.) Fire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
- ⇒ 8 compounds
> ᴱQ. úrin “(blazing) hot” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
> ᴱQ. uru “fire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
- ⇒ ᴱQ. (uru)purnie “conflagration” ✧ QL/75
- ⇒ ᴱQ. urúva “like fire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
- ⇒ ᴱQ. uruvoite “fiery, having fire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
> ᴱQ. urwa “on fire, afire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/98
⇒ ᴱQ. Vendinuru
> G. aur(a) “Sun” ✧ LT1A/Ûr
- ⇒ 8 compounds
⇒ G. Gwenninûr
> G. ûr “smith”
- ⇒ G. †Aura “Smith” ✧ GL/20
  - ⇒ G. Fionor “Goblet Smith” ✧ GL/35
- ⇒ G. aurin “made (by craft of hand), wrought, fashioned” ✧ GL/20
> G. †Uril “Sun” ✧ LT1A/Ûr
> G. urin “hot, very hot”
> G. urm “brazier, grate”
> G. urna- “to blaze, burn (intr.)”
> G. Urwedhin “Maiden of the Sun-ship”