√UL root. “pour (out), flow”
This root was used for “pour, flow” for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√ULU⁽¹⁾ “pour, flow fast” with derivatives like ᴱQ. Ulmo and ᴱQ. ulto- “pour” (QL/97). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. ulin “liquid” and G. ultha- “pour out” (GL/74), but rejected forms like G. gul- “ooze, trickle” and G. gulta- “pour out” indicate Tolkien considered making the root be *ᴱ√ƷULU (GL/43). In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root was ᴹ√ULU “pour, flow” with derivatives like ᴹQ. ulunde “flood”, ᴹQ. ulya- “pour”, N. eil- “it is raining”, and N. oll “torrent, mountain-stream” (Ety/ULU). The root √UL(U) appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “flow” (PE17/168), “pour” (PE22/133), and “pour out” (WJ/400). It may have been connected to ᴹ√LU “time” (PE17/168); see that entry for discussion.
References ✧ PE17/168, 188; PE22/133; WJ/400
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ᴹ√ULU root. “pour, flow”
Reference ✧ Ety/ULU ✧ “pour, flow”
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ᴱ√ULU¹ root. “pour, flow fast”
References ✧ LT1A/Ulmo; QL/97
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