Q. amba¹ adv. “up(wards)” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
An adverb for “up(wards)” derived from the root √AM “up” (PE17/157; Ety/AM²). In one place Tolkien said it “is generally limited to the qualification of words signifying or implying motion: especially ‘rise, ascend, climb, grow etc.’ (PE17/91)”, but that was not the case in (for example) Ambarussa “Top-russet” (PM/354), so this rule was not universal.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. amu “up(wards)” reflecting the earliest form of the root ᴱ√AM(U) (QL/30), but by the 1920s it was amba “up” (PE13/137; PE16/62), a form that was retained thereafter. In one place in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave it an alternate form ama beside amba (Ety/UNU), but since this was as an element in ᴹQ. amatikse “above dot” (Ety/TIK; EtyAC/UNU) I think it is more likely a variant of prefixal am- “up”.
References ✧ PE17/82, 91, 157; PM/354; RC/385; UT/255
Glosses
Related
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| √AMA > amba | [amba] | ✧ PE17/91 |
| √AM > amba- | [amba] | ✧ PE17/157 |
ᴹQ. amba adv. “up(wards)” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
References ✧ Ety/AM², UNU; PE22/21
Glosses
Variations
Related
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ✶amba- > amba | [amba] | ✧ Ety/AM² |
| ᴹ√AM² > ama | [ama] | ✧ Ety/UNU |
ᴱQ. amba adv. “up” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
References ✧ PE13/137, 159; PE16/62
Variations
Inflections
| ambar | dative | “morning” | ✧ PE16/62 |
| amba- | prefix | ✧ PE13/159 |
Element In
Cognates