S. caul n. “great burden, affliction” (Category: Heavy, Weighty)
A word glossed “great burden, affliction” in notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, derived from ✶kālō based on the root √KOL “bear” (VT39/10). This word appears in discussion of the ancient process of a-fortification, as an example of ancient [o] being fortified to [a͡o] > [ǭ], which Tolkien described as “long ō near ā”.
Possible Etymology: According to PE18/96, ancient [ǭ] became [au] in Noldorin [Sindarin], but became [ā] in Modern Telerin, making primitive ✶kālō difficult to explain. Either (a) this was a slip on Tolkien’s part, perhaps intended to represent modern Telerin *cálo “great burden” or (b) in this document, perhaps Tolkien imagined [ę̄], [ǭ] became [ā] in Ancient rather than Modern Telerin, so that CE. *kǭlō > AT. kālō > OS. kaulo > S. caul.
Conceptual Development: G. gaul “burden” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similar in form and meaning, derived from the early root ᴱ√DYULU (GL/38).
Reference ✧ VT39/10 ✧ “great burden, affliction”
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| √KOL > kālō > caul | [kālō] > [kālo] > [kǭlo] > [kaulo] > [kaul] | ✧ VT39/10 |
G. gaul¹ n. “burden” (Category: Heavy, Weighty)
References ✧ GL/38, 43, 62
Glosses
Related
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ√dyulu > gaul | [dʲūl] > [gūl] > [gaul] | ✧ GL/38 |