ᴱN. voiceless stops voiced after vowels; [V{ptk}|{pk}θ] > [V{bdg}|{pk}θ]

⚠️ᴱN. voiceless stops voiced after vowels; [V{ptk}|{pk}θ] > [V{bdg}|{pk}θ]

G. voiceless stops mostly voiced after vowels; [V{ptk}|{pk}θ] > [V{bdg}|{pk}θ]

HSG/§2.4

Reference ✧ PE12/17 ✧ voiced stops became spirants after vowels

Order (05500)

After 05300 [tl], [dl], [ðl] became [kl], [gl] ᴱ✶tet’l-asse > G. teglos GL/70

Phonetic Rule Elements

[Vp] > [Vb]
[Vt] > [Vd]
[Vk] > [Vg]
[pθ] > [pθ]
[kθ] > [kθ]

Phonetic Rule Examples

akra > agra Vk > Vg ᴱ√aka· > G. agra ✧ GL/17
aikos > aigos Vk > Vg ᴱ✶aikasse > G. aigos ✧ GL/17
ēk > ēg Vk > Vg ᴱ√EI̯KA > G. eg ✧ QL/29
gaik > gaig Vk > Vg ᴱ✶yai-ka > G. gaig ✧ GL/43
grōk > grōg Vk > Vg ᴱ✶ʒǝroukē > G. grôg ✧ QL/32
gʷek > gʷeg Vk > Vg ᴱ✶gu̯eg- > G. gweg ✧ GL/44
gʷekē > gʷegē Vk > Vg ᴱ✶u̯ǝkḗ > G. gweg ✧ PE13/117
hauk > hauk Vk > Vg #ᴱ√haw- > G. haug ✧ GL/48
helek > heleg Vk > Vg ᴱ√χele-k > G. heleg ✧ GL/48
kauk > kaug Vk > Vg ᴱ√kava- > G. caug ✧ GL/25
kauk > kaug Vk > Vg ᴱ√kava- > G. caug ✧ GL/25
lēk > lēg Vk > Vg ᴱ✶leika > G. leg ✧ GL/53
ndolmek > ndolmeg Vk > Vg ᴱ√ndolo- > G. dolmeg ✧ GL/30
ndrok > ndrog Vk > Vg ᴱ✶norokā́ > G. drog ✧ GL/31
smaik > smaig Vk > Vg ᴱ✶smaika- > G. faig ✧ GL/33
tarok > tarog Vk > Vg #ᴱ✶taruku- > G. tarog ✧ GL/69
aipin > aibin Vp > Vb ᴱ√aı̯¹ > G. aibin ✧ GL/18
gop > gob Vp > Vb ᴱ√kop- > G. gob ✧ GL/40
gopos > gobos Vp > Vb ᴱ√KOPO > G. gobos ✧ LT1A/Kópas
hapax > habax Vp > Vb ᴱ✶χı̯ap > G. habach ✧ GL/47
hapin > habin Vp > Vb ᴱ✶χı̯ap > G. habin ✧ GL/47
klip- > klib- Vp > Vb ᴱ√tḷp- > G. clib- ✧ GL/26
kʷipra- > kʷibra- Vp > Vb ᴱ√QIP > G. cwibra- ✧ GL/28
ndrip- > ndrib- Vp > Vb ᴱ√nṛq- > G. drib- ✧ GL/30
saip > saib Vp > Vb ᴱ√SAYAP > G. saib ✧ GL/66
beðiat > beðiad Vt > Vd ᴱ√Beđ > G. †bedhiod ✧ GL/22
blit- > blid- Vt > Vd ᴱ√vḷt > G. blid ✧ GL/23
britol > bridol Vt > Vd ᴱ√vṛt > G. Bridol ✧ GL/24
gat > gad Vt > Vd ᴱ√yat- > G. gad ✧ GL/36
gata- > gada- Vt > Vd ᴱ√yat- > G. gada- ✧ GL/36
gatr > gadr Vt > Vd ᴱ√yat- > G. gadr ✧ GL/36
gatw > gadw Vt > Vd ᴱ√yat- > G. gadu ✧ GL/36
get > ged Vt > Vd #ᴱ√ʒet- > G. ged ✧ GL/43
gōt > gōd Vt > Vd ᴱ√yat- > G. gôd ✧ GL/36
gotra > godra Vt > Vd ᴱ√yat- > G. godra ✧ GL/36
gomot > gomod Vt > Vd ᴱ✶ŋwa·mat > G. gomod ✧ GL/44
gʷaɣet > gʷaɣed Vt > Vd ᴱ✶ŋuaʒet- > gwa’ed > G. gwaid ✧ GL/43
gʷaɣes > gʷaɣes Vt > Vd ᴱ✶ŋuaʒet- > G. gwais ✧ GL/43
gʷet- > gʷed- Vt > Vd ᴱ√gu̯et > G. gwed-¹ ✧ GL/46
gʷet > gʷed Vt > Vd ᴱ√gwed² > G. gwed ✧ GL/46
kʷet- > kʷed- Vt > Vd ᴱ√QETE > G. cwed- ✧ LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin
laut > laud Vt > Vd ᴱ√lutu- > G. laud ✧ GL/53
mbritwen > mbridwen Vt > Vd ᴱ√mṛt > G. Bridwen ✧ GL/24
blekθa > blekθa kθ > kθ ᴱ√melek/mbelek/belek > G. blectha ✧ GL/22
krekθa- > krekθa- kθ > kθ ᴱ√kerek- > G. crectha- ✧ GL/27
trikθon > trikθon kθ > kθ ᴱ√tṛk > G. tricthon ✧ GL/69
kʷipθa- > kʷipθa- pθ > pθ ᴱ√QIP > G. cwiptha- ✧ GL/28
sapθa- > sapθa- pθ > pθ ᴱ√sab- > G. saptha- ✧ GL/67