ᴹQ. kapta- v. “to make spring, scatter” (Category: to Strew, Spread Out)
A verb appearing in the initial drafts of Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s as ᴹQ. kapta- “make spring, scatter”, a combination of ᴹ√KAP “leap” with the causative suffix ᴹ✶-tā so more literally “make leap”, and having a variant kapsa- in the Lindarin dialect (PE19/41-43, note #79). Tolkien rejected the relevant section while exploring other possible phonetic developments of pt (PE19/41).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kapta- was glossed {“swallow” >>} “startle” under the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring”, though Tolkien marked this word with a “?” (QL/45). In documents from the 1920s, ᴱQ. kapta- was glossed “leap” (PE14/56, 58, 66).
Neo-Quenya: Since kapta- is consistent with the phonetic rules described in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, I would retain ᴺQ. capta- (pronounced [kaɸta]) with the senses “to make spring, scatter; to startle”. In ordinary use I would assume capta- mainly means “startle, (orig.) make leap”. To emphasize that the startled individuals actually scatter away, I would combine it with the adverb öa “away”: captalvet oa = “we scattered them, (lit.) we startled them away”.
References ✧ PE19/42-43
Glosses
Variations
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ√KAP > kapsa | [kapta] > [kapsa] | ✧ PE19/43 |
ᴱQ. kapta-² v. “to leap” (Category: to Jump, Leap)
References ✧ PE14/56, 58, 66
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| kaptuva | future | ✧ PE14/56 | |
| kampie | past | ✧ PE14/56; PE14/58 | |
| kampie- | past | ✧ PE14/66 | |
| kapta | present | “leap” | ✧ PE14/58 |
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ✶kapa > kapta | [kapta-] | ✧ PE14/58 |
| ᴱ√kapa- > kapta- | [kapta-] | ✧ PE14/66 |
ᴱQ. ‽kapta-¹ v. “to startle” (Category: Fear, Fright)
References ✧ QL/45
Glosses
Variations
Changes
Inflections
| kāpe | past | ✧ QL/45 |
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ√KAPA > ‽kapta- | [kapta-] | ✧ QL/45 |