ᴹQ. [θ] became [s]; [θ] > [s]

ᴹQ. [θ] became [s]; [θ] > [s]

References ✧ PE19/31, 34, 49; PE22/13, 44-45

Order (03400)

After 02000 long final vowels were shortened
After 02600 final spirants were altered

Phonetic Rule Elements

[θ] > [s] ✧ PE19/50 (th > s); PE19/50 (thy > sy); PE19/50 (thw > sw); PE19/50 (nth > ns; later); PE19/51 (lth > ls); PE19/51 (lth > ls; TQ); PE19/51 (rth > rs); PE19/51 (rthy > rsy); PE19/51 (rth > rs; later TQ)

Phonetic Rule Examples

hiθe > hise θ > s ᴹ✶khīt(h)i > ᴹQ. híse ✧ Ety/KHIS
hiθe > hise θ > s ᴹ✶χīsi > ᴹQ. híse ✧ PE21/32
hiθwa > hiswa θ > s ᴹ✶khithwa > ᴹQ. hiswa ✧ Ety/KHIS
hiθwe > hiswe θ > s ᴹ✶khithme > ᴹQ. hiswe ✧ Ety/KHIS
iθil > isil θ > s ᴹ✶ITHIL > ᴹQ. Isil ✧ Ety/I²
iθil > isil θ > s ᴹ√THIL > ᴹQ. Isil ✧ Ety/SIL
iθil > isil θ > s ᴹ√THIL > ᴹQ. Isil ✧ Ety/THIL
iθil > isil θ > s ᴹ✶Ithīl > ᴹQ. Isil ✧ SD/306
loθse > losse θ > s ᴹ√LOS > ᴹQ. losse ✧ Ety/GOLÓS
naniθāro > nanisāro θ > s ᴹ✶ndani-thārō > ᴹQ. Nanisáro ✧ LR/188
nauθe > nause θ > s ᴹ✶nau̯þe > ᴹQ. nause ✧ Ety/NOWO
nēθe > nēse θ > s ᴹ✶nēthē > ᴹQ. nése ✧ Ety/NETH
norθo > norso θ > s ᴹ√NOROTH > ᴹQ. norsa ✧ Ety/NOROTH
piθe > pise θ > s ᴹ√PITH > pithe > ᴹQ. pise ✧ PE22/103
θambe > sambe θ > s ᴹ✶stambē > ᴹQ. sambe ✧ Ety/STAB
θamne > samne θ > s ᴹ✶stabnē > ᴹQ. samna ✧ Ety/STAB
θamno > samno θ > s ᴹ✶stabnō > ᴹQ. samno ✧ Ety/STAB
θanda > sanda θ > s ᴹ√STAN > ᴹQ. sanda ✧ Ety/STAN
θaŋga > saŋga θ > s ᴹ✶stangā > ᴹQ. sanga ✧ Ety/STAG
saŋgā > saŋga θ > s ᴹ✶saŋgā > ᴹQ. sanga ✧ PE21/32
θaŋga > saŋga θ > s ᴹ√STAG > ᴹQ. sanga ✧ PE22/107
θaŋgaj̊ando > saŋgaj̊ando θ > s ᴹ✶stangasyandō > ᴹQ. sangahyando ✧ Ety/SYAD
θanja > sanja θ > s ᴹ√STAN > ᴹQ. sanya ✧ Ety/STAN
θanje > sanje θ > s ᴹ√STAN > ᴹQ. sanye ✧ Ety/STAN
θaŋka > saŋka θ > s ᴹ✶stankā > ᴹQ. sanka ✧ Ety/STAK
θar- > sar- θ > s ᴹ√THAR > ᴹQ. thar- ✧ PE22/126
θara > sara θ > s ᴹ√STAR > ᴹQ. sara ✧ Ety/STAR
θāro > sāro θ > s ᴹ✶thārō > ᴹQ. #sáro ✧ LR/188
θauro > sauro θ > s ᴹ✶stabrō > ᴹQ. sauro ✧ EtyAC/STAB
θauza > sauza θ > s ᴹ✶thausā > ᴹQ. saura ✧ Ety/THUS
θeler > seler θ > s ᴹ√THELES > ᴹQ. seler ✧ Ety/THEL
θēra > sēra θ > s ᴹ✶stegrā > ᴹQ. thḗra ✧ PE19/46
θinde > sinde θ > s ᴹ✶thindi > ᴹQ. sinde ✧ Ety/THIN
θinje > sinje θ > s ᴹ√THIN > ᴹQ. sinye ✧ Ety/THIN
θinta > sinta θ > s ᴹ√STINTĀ > ᴹQ. sinta ✧ Ety/STINTĀ
θinta- > sinta- θ > s ᴹ√THIN > ᴹQ. sinta- ✧ Ety/THIN
θūja- > sūja- θ > s ᴹ√THŪ > ᴹQ. súya- ✧ Ety/THŪ
θūle > sūle θ > s ᴹ√THŪ > ᴹQ. súle ✧ Ety/THŪ
θūna > sūna θ > s ✶stuknā > Q. thúna ✧ PE19/86
θundo > sundo θ > s ᴹ√SUD > ᴹQ. sundo ✧ Ety/SUD
θūro > sūro θ > s ᴹ√THUS > ᴹQ. Súro ✧ Ety/THUS
taθar > tasar θ > s ᴹ✶tathar > ᴹQ. tasar ✧ Ety/TATHAR
taθare > tasare θ > s ᴹ✶tatharē > ᴹQ. tasare ✧ Ety/TATHAR
tiθilla- > tisilla- θ > s ᴹ√THIL > ᴹQ. tithilla ✧ PE22/100
tiθilla- > tisilla- θ > s ᴹ√THIL > ᴹQ. tithilla ✧ PE22/112
umbaθ > umbas θ > s ᴹ√MBAT(H) > ᴹQ. umbas ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

ᴱQ. [θ] became [s]; [θ] > [s]

References ✧ PE12/19

Order (01100)

After [θ] became [ð] after voiced spirants and stops
After [xs] became [xx]
After voiceless spirants became stops after nasals
After voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ]
After voiceless spirants voiced after liquids
After 00900 [θʲ] became [θ] before stops
Before initial [sw] and [sβ] became [f], [sj] became [j̊]
Before [s] became [z] before nasals and voiced spirants
Before voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z]
Before [tʲ], [kʷ] became [t], [k] before [t], [s]

Phonetic Rule Elements

[θ] > [s] ✧ PE12/16 (þ > s); PE12/19 (þ > s); PE12/24 (þ > s)

Phonetic Rule Examples

amboθt > ambost θ > s ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ > ᴱQ. ambos ✧ PE13/139
boθta > bosta θ > s ᴱ√BOÐO > ᴱQ. posta ✧ QL/75
goθard > gosard θ > s ᴱ√KOSO > ᴱQ. kosar ✧ QL/48
goθt > gost θ > s ᴱ√KOSO > ᴱQ. kos ✧ QL/48
goθta- > gosta- θ > s ᴱ√KOSO > ᴱQ. kosta- ✧ QL/48
gʷiθte > gʷiste θ > s ᴱ√GWIÐI > ᴱQ. ’wiste ✧ QL/103
ɣuθta- > ɣusta- θ > s ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. usta- ✧ QL/98
ɣʷaθta- > ɣʷasta- θ > s ᴱ√ẆAÐA > ᴱQ. wastar ✧ QL/102
ɣʷaθto > ɣʷasto θ > s ᴱ√ẆAÐA > ᴱQ. wasto ✧ QL/102
iθka > iska θ > s ᴱ√ISI² > ᴱQ. iska ✧ QL/43
kʷoθse > kʷosse θ > s ᴱ√QOŘO > ᴱQ. qosse ✧ QL/78
kʷoθta- > kʷosta- θ > s ᴱ√QOŘO > ᴱQ. qosta- ✧ QL/78
maθka > maska θ > s ᴱ√MASA¹ > ᴱQ. maska ✧ QL/59
maθke > maske θ > s ᴱ√MASA¹ > ᴱQ. maske ✧ QL/59
mbaθto > mbasto θ > s ᴱ√NGWAÐA > ᴱQ. masto ✧ QL/60
neθs > ness θ > s ᴱ√NEŘE > ᴱQ. †nes ✧ QL/66
ŋʷāloθ > ŋʷālos θ > s ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- > malosta > ᴱQ. mālos ✧ GL/41
oθto > osto θ > s ᴱ√OŘO > ᴱQ. osto ✧ QL/71
puθt > pust θ > s ᴱ√PUŘU > ᴱQ. pus ✧ QL/75
raθta > rasta θ > s ᴱ√RAŘA > ᴱQ. rasta ✧ QL/79
reθse > resse θ > s ᴱ√reðe > ᴱQ. resse ✧ QL/79
reθsta > ressta θ > s ᴱ√RESE > res+sta > ᴱQ. resta ✧ QL/79
reθta- > resta- θ > s ᴱ√RESE > ᴱQ. resta- ✧ QL/79
θaina > saina θ > s ᴱ✶stainá > ᴱQ. saina ✧ PE13/153
θakta- > sakta- θ > s ᴱ✶stak+ta > ᴱQ. sahta ✧ PE14/66
θaŋka > saŋka θ > s ᴱ√þṇkṇ > ᴱQ. sanka² ✧ QL/85
θaŋke > saŋke θ > s ᴱ√þṇkṇ > ᴱQ. sanke ✧ QL/85
θerind > serind θ > s ᴱ√SERE > ᴱQ. serin ✧ QL/83
θerma > serma θ > s ᴱ√SERE > ᴱQ. serma ✧ QL/83
θerta- > serta- θ > s ᴱ√SERE > ᴱQ. serta- ✧ QL/83
θex > sex θ > s ᴱ✶þeχē > ᴱQ. sé ✧ PE12/21
θex > sex θ > s ᴱ√SEHE > ᴱQ. sē ✧ QL/82
θexŋe > sexŋe θ > s ᴱ√SEHE > ᴱQ. senge ✧ QL/82
θexta- > sexta- θ > s ᴱ√SEHE > ᴱQ. sehta ✧ QL/82
θexte > sexte θ > s ᴱ√SEHE > ᴱQ. sehte ✧ QL/82
θilda > silda θ > s ᴱ√ÞḶÐḶ > ᴱQ. silda ✧ QL/84
θorne > sorne θ > s ᴱ√ŠORO² > ᴱQ. sorne ✧ QL/86
θoron > soron θ > s ᴱ√ŠORO² > ᴱQ. soron ✧ QL/86
soθta- > sosta- θ > s ᴱ√SOŘO > ᴱQ. sosta- ✧ QL/85
soθto- > sosto- θ > s ᴱ√SOŘO > ᴱQ. sosto- ✧ QL/86
soθto- > sosto- θ > s ᴱ√SOŘO > ᴱQ. sosto ✧ QL/86
θwijond > swijond θ > s ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d > ᴱQ. fion ✧ QL/87
taθta- > tasta- θ > s ᴱ√TAÞA > ᴱQ. tasta- ✧ QL/90
teθte > teste θ > s ᴱ√TEŘE > ᴱQ. teste ✧ QL/91
tuθture > tusture θ > s ᴱ√TUŘU > ᴱQ. tusture ✧ QL/96
veθse > vesse θ > s ᴱ√VEŘE > ᴱQ. †vesse ✧ QL/101
veθta- > vesta- θ > s ᴱ√VEŘE > ᴱQ. vesta- ✧ QL/101
veθta > vesta θ > s ᴱ√VEŘE > ᴱQ. vesta ✧ QL/101
veθtin > vestin θ > s ᴱ√VEŘE > ᴱQ. vestin ✧ QL/101