Q. #cal- v. (basic-verb) “to shine” (Category: to Shine, Glisten)

Q. #cal-, v. (basic-verb) “to shine” (Category: to Shine, Glisten)

References ✧ UT/22

Related

• #cal- “to shine” as opposed to sil- “to shine (white)”

Inflections

kaluva

future

“shall shine”

✧ UT/22

Element In

• ᴺQ. !nancal- “to reflect, (lit.) shine back”
• Q. calima “bright, luminous”
• Q. calina “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined”
• Q. Anar caluva tielyanna “The sun shall shine upon your path” ✧ UT/22

Cognates

• S. #cal- “to shine”

Derivations

• < √KAL “light; shine, be bright”

ᴱQ. kala- v. “to shine” (Category: to Shine, Glisten)

References ✧ LT1A/Galmir; MC/220; PE14/46; PE16/57, 60, 62, 72, 74-75, 77, 143; QL/44

Glosses

• “shine” ✧ LT1A/Galmir; PE16/75; QL/44

Variations

• kala- ✧ LT1A/Galmir; PE16/75; QL/44
• kal- ✧ PE16/143

Changes

• kale >> kálie ✧ PE14/46

Inflections

kaluvaare	future 3rd-sg-fem		✧ PE16/77
kale	past	“shone”	✧ PE14/46
kalle	past	“shone”	✧ PE16/143
kallie	past		✧ PE16/75
kálie	past	“shone”	✧ PE14/46
kāle	past		✧ QL/44
kallieere	past 3rd-sg-fem		✧ PE16/72
kalliére	past 3rd-sg-fem	“shown”	✧ MC/220
kalliére	past 3rd-sg-fem	“was shining”	✧ PE16/62
kalliére	past 3rd-sg-fem		✧ PE16/74
kallíere	past 3rd-sg-fem		✧ PE16/57; PE16/60

Element In

• ᴱQ. a kálie kulundon “it shone like gold” ✧ PE14/46
• ᴱQ. ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ✧ PE16/77
• ᴱQ. kirya kalliére “the ship shone” ✧ MC/220; PE16/57; PE16/60; PE16/62; PE16/72; PE16/74

Derivations

• < ᴱ√KALA¹ “shine golden” ✧ LT1A/Galmir; QL/44

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√KALA > kala-

[gala-] > [kala-]

✧ QL/44