Q. ve² pron. “us, we (inclusive)” (Category: Pronoun)

Q. ve², pron. “us, we (inclusive)” (Category: Pronoun)

References ✧ PE17/130; PE22/167; VT49/14, 51

Glosses

• “1st person plural inclusive pronoun” ✧ PE17/130 (vē̆); PE17/130 (vi)
• “Pl[ural] 1b” ✧ VT49/51 (vé)

Variations

• vē̆ ✧ PE17/130
• vi ✧ PE17/130
• vé ✧ VT49/51

Related

• me “us, we (exclusive)”
• vē̆ “1st person plural inclusive pronoun” in use replaced by me “1st person plural pronoun” ✧ PE17/130
• vi “1st person plural inclusive pronoun” in colloquial speech replaced by me “2nd person plural pronoun” ✧ PE17/130
• vē̆ “1st person plural inclusive pronoun” fell out of use due to conflict with vē̆- “similar, like, as” ✧ PE17/130

Inflections

vēna	allative	“to us”	✧ PE22/167; VT49/14
wet	dual	“Dual 1b”	✧ VT49/51

Element In

• ᴺQ. !venya “ours (inclusive)”
• Q. inwë “ourselves (inclusive)”
• Q. hrívë úva véna “winter is drawing near (to us)” ✧ PE22/167; VT49/14

Derivations

• < ✶we “we, us (inclusive)” ✧ PE17/130 (wē̆); PE17/130 (wi); VT49/50
  • < wé < we ✧ VT49/50
  • < ✶ñwe “1 pl. inclusive base” ✧ VT48/10; VT48/10
    • < ✶me “we (exclusive)” ✧ VT48/10

Phonetic Developments

✶wē̆ > vē̆	[wē] > [βē] > [vē]	✧ PE17/130
✶wi > vi	[wi] > [βi] > [vi]	✧ PE17/130

ᴹQ. nwe [ñ] pron. “*we (inclusive)” (Category: Pronoun)

References ✧ PE22/123; PE23/74-75, 77, 79-80, 88, 93, 96

Glosses

• “1st person (b)” ✧ PE23/96 (ñwe)
• “pl. 1 b. including addressee(s)” ✧ PE23/74 (ñwe)
• “we (inclusive)” ✧ PE23/88 (ñwe); PE23/93 (ñwe)
• “we, including the addressee(s)” ✧ PE23/88 (ñwe)

Variations

• ñwe ✧ PE23/74; PE23/88; PE23/93; PE23/96; PE23/88 (ñwe)

Changes

• ñwéwe >> ñwé ✧ PE23/79
• ñwéva >> ñwéna ✧ PE23/79
• ñwewet >> ñwēt ✧ PE23/80

Inflections

-qe(n)	accusative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/77
-we(n)	accusative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/75
ñwé	accusative	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwet	accusative dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
ñwéna	adjectival	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwéva	adjectival	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwetwa	adjectival dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
a)qe	dative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/77
qé	dative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/77
·we	dative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/75; PE23/75
ñwén	dative	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwent	dative dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
ñweo(n)	genitive	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwéto	genitive dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
ñwénen	instrumental	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwe-sse	locative	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwe-sset	locative dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
qe·	nominative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/77
ñwe·	nominative	“pl. 1 b.”	✧ PE23/75
ñwé	nominative	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwéwe	nominative	“pl. 1b”	✧ PE23/79
ñwewet	nominative dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
ñwēt	nominative dual	“dual 1b”	✧ PE23/80
ñwiet	stative dual		✧ PE22/123
ñwier	stative plural		✧ PE22/123
ñwénet	stative-past dual		✧ PE22/123
ñwéner	stative-past plural		✧ PE22/123

Derivations

• < ᴹ✶we “we (inclusive)” ✧ PE23/74; PE23/74; PE23/88; PE23/88 (we); PE23/93

ᴱQ. qe¹ pron. “we (inclusive)” (Category: Pronoun)

References ✧ PE14/52-53, 85

Glosses

• “Pl. 1(b)” ✧ PE14/52; PE14/85

Variations

• qe- ✧ PE14/52; PE14/85

Inflections

qe	accusative	✧ PE14/53
qer	dative	✧ PE14/53
qen	genitive	✧ PE14/53

Element In

• ᴱQ. qea- “*our; 1st pl. inclusive possessive” ✧ PE14/54 (qea·)
• ᴱQ. qelmo “we (emphatic); 1st pl. inclusive pronoun” ✧ PE14/53
• ᴱQ. qenya “*our (emphatic possessive inclusive)” ✧ PE14/54