Q. #cav- v. (basic-verb) “to receive” (Category: to Get, Obtain)
In notes from around 1968, Tolkien (briefly?) considered replacing the root √KAB with √KAM as the basis for hand words such as S. cam, stating “kamba is from KAM not KAB” (VT47/20). On the reverse of this page, Tolkien had the past tense form camnelyes “you received it”, apparently based on a verb *cam- “to receive” derived from √KAM (VT47/21). Further down on the same page, Tolkien wrote cambelyes as an alternate form, possibly indicating the restoration of √KAB and a new verb form *cav-, as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT47/21).
Conceptual Development: The earliest Qenya verb for “receive” was ᴱQ. tuvu- “receive, accept, take, require, cost” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the root ᴱ√TUVU (QL/96). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon the verb ᴱQ. tuvu- was glossed “receive” as a cognate of G. tû- “receive; take; get; become” (GL/71). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱQ. tuv- was glossed “receive, take” along with several inflected forms (PE14/58). In Tolkien’s later writings, he instead used Q. tuv- for “find, discover” (LotR/971; PE22/155).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to retain √KAB “hold, possess, have in hand”, and as such I would use Q. cav- for “receive”, although Helge Fauskanger used cam- in his Neo-Quenya New Testament (NQNT). Following the example of ᴱQ. tuvu-, I would also use cav- for “accept”. In a Discord conversation from 2023-12-25, Raccoon suggested using cav- for “require, cost” as well, but I think that is too much semantic burden for a single verb. I prefer to use ᴺQ. maura- for “to need, require”, and would use ᴺQ. valda- “be of worth” for “to cost”, as suggested by Luinyelle in the same 2023-12-25 conversation.
References ✧ VT47/21
Glosses
Variations
Related
Inflections
| cambelyes | past 2nd-sg-polite with-sg-object | ✧ VT47/21 |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| √KAB > *cav- | [kab-] > [kaβ-] > [kav-] | ✧ VT47/21 |
Q. #cam- v. (basic-verb) “to receive” (Category: to Get, Obtain)
References ✧ VT47/21
Glosses
Variations
Related
Inflections
| camnelyes | past 2nd-sg-polite with-sg-object | “you received it” | ✧ VT47/21 |
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| √KAM > *cam- | [kam-] | ✧ VT47/21 |
ᴱQ. tuvu- v. “to receive, accept, take, require, cost” (Category: to Get, Obtain)
References ✧ GL/71; PE14/58; QL/33, 96
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| túvie | past | ✧ PE14/58 | |
| tūve | past | ✧ QL/96 | |
| tue | present | ✧ PE14/58 | |
| tuve | present | “receive, take” | ✧ PE14/58 |
| tú | present impersonal | ✧ PE14/58 |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ√TUVU > tuvu- | [tuβu-] > [tuvu-] | ✧ QL/96 |