ᴺS. !naeda- v. “to oppress, cause great grief to” (Category: Torture, Torment)

ᴺS. !naeda-, v. “to oppress, cause great grief to” (Category: Torture, Torment)

Cognates

• ᴺQ. ^naita- “to oppress, cause great grief to”

Derivations

• < √NAY¹ “cause bitter grief or pain”

G. gaista- [ng-] v. “to oppress, cause great grief to” (Category: Torture, Torment)

Reference ✧ GL/37 ✧ “oppress, cause great grief to”

Related

• gaista- “oppress, cause great grief to” popular etymological association gais “steel” ✧ GL/37

Cognates

• ᴱQ. naista- “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37

Derivations

• < ᴱ✶ŋaista- “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37 (ŋaistă-)
  • < ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ GL/37 (ŋaı̯)

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶ŋaistă- > gaista-

[ŋaista-] > [ŋgaista-] > [gaista-]

✧ GL/37