ᴹAQ. second short vowel of same quality lost; [V₁CV̆₁CV] > [V₁CCV]
References ✧ PE19/55, 57-58
Order (00300)
| Before | 00600 | stops frequently underwent metathesis with nasals and liquids | ||
| Before | 03000 | voiced stops became spirants except after nasals and liquids | ||
| Before | 03500 | unstressed medial long vowels shortened | ᴹ✶Òrōmḗ > Oromḗ > ᴹQ. Orome | PE19/58 |
| Before | 04600 | medial [s] often became [z] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| baradā > bardā | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶barádā > ᴹQ. Varda | ✧ Ety/BARÁD |
| baradā > bardā | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶baradā > ᴹQ. Varda | ✧ Ety/BARATH |
| barane > barne | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√BARÁN > ᴹQ. varne | ✧ Ety/BARÁN |
| galadā > galdā | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√GÁLAD > ᴹQ. alda | ✧ Ety/GALAD |
| galadā > galdā | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√GÁLAD > ᴹQ. alda | ✧ Ety/GALAD |
| galadā > galdā | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶galadā > ᴹQ. Alda | ✧ SD/302 |
| ɣarama > ɣarma | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√ƷARAM > ᴹQ. harma | ✧ Ety/ƷARAM |
| ɣarama > ɣarma | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√ƷÁRAM > ᴹQ. harma | ✧ EtyAC/ƷARAM |
| ɣarani > ɣarni | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harni | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| kanata > kanta | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√KÁNAT > ᴹQ. kanta | ✧ Ety/KÁNAT |
| karane > karne | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶karani > ᴹQ. karne | ✧ Ety/KARÁN |
| karane > karne | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶karani > ᴹQ. karne | ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN |
| mbarata > mbarta | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√MBARAT > ᴹQ. marta | ✧ Ety/MBARAT |
| ŋgaramo > ŋgarmo | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√ÑGAR(A)M > ñarmo > ᴹQ. narmo | ✧ Ety/ÑGAR(A)M |
| salakwē > salkwē | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶SALÁK-(WĒ) > ᴹQ. salqe | ✧ Ety/SALÁK |
| talata > talta | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√TALÁT > ᴹQ. talta | ✧ Ety/TALÁT |
| taraka > tarka | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√TARÁK > ᴹQ. tarka | ✧ Ety/TARÁK |
| tuluka > tulka | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ√TULUK > ᴹQ. tulka | ✧ Ety/TULUK |
| turumā > turmā | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴹ✶turumā́ > ᴹQ. turma | ✧ Ety/TURÚM |
| berekā > berkā | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶berékā > ᴹQ. verka | ✧ Ety/BERÉK |
| djeleka > djelka | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√DYELEK > ᴹQ. yelka | ✧ EtyAC/DYELEK |
| edenā > ednā | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶edenā > ᴹQ. enna | ✧ EtyAC/EDE |
| eleda > elda | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√ELED > ᴹQ. Elda | ✧ Ety/ELED |
| eleda > elda | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√ÉLED > ᴹQ. Elda | ✧ Ety/ELED |
| enede > ende | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√ÉNED > ᴹQ. ende | ✧ Ety/ÉNED |
| enede > ende | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√NÉD > ᴹQ. ende | ✧ Ety/NÉD |
| enekwe > eŋkwe | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√ÉNEK > ᴹQ. enqe | ✧ Ety/ÉNEK |
| eredē > erdē | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶eredē > ᴹQ. erde | ✧ Ety/ERÉD |
| kjelekā > kjelkā | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√KYELEK > ᴹQ. tyelka | ✧ Ety/KYELEK |
| kjelepe > kjelpe | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√KYELEP/TELEP > ᴹQ. telpe | ✧ Ety/KYELEP |
| kjelepe > kjelpe | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√KYÉLEP > ᴹQ. telpe | ✧ Ety/KYELEP |
| kwenedē > kwendē | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶kwenedē > ᴹQ. qende | ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED) |
| kwendemēn > kwendmēn | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶qend(ǝ)mēn > ᴹQ. †qenwen | ✧ PE21/25 |
| kʰeleke > kʰelke | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√KHELEK > ᴹQ. helke | ✧ Ety/KHEL |
| lepenar > lepnar | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶lepenar > ᴹQ. lemnar | ✧ Ety/LEP |
| lepene > lepne | eCeCV > eCCV | ‽ᴹ✶lep(e)ne > ᴹQ. lempe | ✧ Ety/LEP |
| mereka > merka | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√MERÉK > ᴹQ. merka | ✧ Ety/MERÉK |
| merenen > mernen | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√MER > ᴹQ. mernen | ✧ EtyAC/MBER |
| morikwenedē > morikwendē | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶móri-kwenedḕ > ᴹQ. móri-kwèn(ǝ)dĕ | ✧ PE19/57 |
| morikwenedē > morikwendē | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶móri-kwènedḗ > móri-kwènǝdĕ > móri-kwèndĕ > móri-kwèn(d) > ᴹQ. Moriquen | ✧ PE19/59 |
| morokō > morkō | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶morókō > ᴹQ. morko | ✧ Ety/MORÓK |
| nelede > nelde | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√NÉL-ED > ᴹQ. nelde | ✧ Ety/NEL |
| netere > netre | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√NÉTER > ᴹQ. nerte | ✧ Ety/NÉTER |
| telesā > telsā | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ✶télesā > ᴹQ. tella | ✧ Ety/TELES |
| telese > telse | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴹ√TELES > ᴹQ. telle | ✧ Ety/TELES |
| minikwē > minkwē | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴹ√MÍNIK-W > ᴹQ. minqe | ✧ Ety/MINI |
| silimā > silmā | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴹ✶silimā > ᴹQ. silma | ✧ Ety/SIL |
| silimarill > silmarill | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴹ✶silima-rille > ᴹQ. Silmarille | ✧ Ety/RIL |
| silimē > silmē | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴹ✶silimē > ᴹQ. silme | ✧ Ety/SIL |
| dorono > dorno | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ√DÓRON > ᴹQ. norno | ✧ Ety/DÓRON |
| ŋgolodō > ŋgoldō | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ√ÑGÓLOD > ᴹQ. noldo | ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD |
| ŋgolodō > ŋgoldō | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ√ŊGÓLODŌ > ŋoldo > ᴹQ. noldo | ✧ PE18/40 |
| ŋgolodō > ŋgoldō | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ✶ñgolodō > ᴹQ. ñoldo | ✧ PE19/36 |
| ŋgolodō > ŋgoldō | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ✶ñgòlodṓ > ᴹQ. ñgoldṓ | ✧ PE19/58 |
| norotʰo > nortʰo | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ√NOROTH > ᴹQ. norsa | ✧ Ety/NOROTH |
| okotā > oktā | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ✶òkotā́ > okǝtā > oktā́ > ᴹQ. ohta | ✧ PE19/55 |
| pʰorote > pʰorte | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ✶phoroti > ᴹQ. forte | ✧ Ety/PHOR |
| toloto > tolto | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ√TOL¹-OTH/OT > ᴹQ. tolto | ✧ Ety/TOL¹-OTH/OT |
| toroni > torni | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴹ√TOR > ᴹQ. torni | ✧ Ety/TOR |
| kjulumā > kjulmā | uCuCV > uCCV | ᴹ✶kyulumā > ᴹQ. tyulma | ✧ SD/419 |
| ulumō > ulmō | uCuCV > uCCV | ᴹ✶Ulumō > ᴹQ. Ulmo | ✧ Ety/ULU |
ᴱQ. second short vowel of same quality lost; [V₁CV̆₁CV] > [V₁CCV]
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| asaka > aska | aCaCV > aCCV | ᴱ√ASAKA > ᴱQ. aksa | ✧ QL/29 |
| lekʷete- > lekʷte- | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ√LEQE > ᴱQ. lekte- | ✧ QL/53 |
| pelete- > pelte- | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ√PELE² > ᴱQ. pelte- | ✧ QL/73 |
| telekʷe > telkʷe | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ✶kelekwé > ᴱQ. telqe | ✧ PE13/140 |
| telepe > telpe | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ✶t’lépe > ᴱQ. telpe | ✧ PE13/154 |
| telepe > telpe | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ✶t’lḗpe > ᴱQ. telpe | ✧ PE13/154 |
| tetelasse > tetlasse | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ✶tet’l-asse > ᴱQ. teltasse | ✧ GL/70 |
| tetele > tetle | eCeCV > eCCV | ᴱ✶tet’li > ᴱQ. telte | ✧ GL/70 |
| minija > minja | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴱ✶miníya > ᴱQ. minya | ✧ PE13/150 |
| minija > minja | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴱ✶miníı̯ā > ᴱQ. minya | ✧ PE13/164 |
| siripe > sirpe | iCiCV > iCCV | ᴱ√SIRIP > ᴱQ. sirpe | ✧ QL/84 |
| noroka > norka | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴱ✶norokā́ > ᴱQ. norka | ✧ GL/31 |
| sokoto- > sokto- | oCoCV > oCCV | ᴱ√SOKO > ᴱQ. sokto- | ✧ QL/85 |
| tuluka- > tulka- | uCuCV > uCCV | ᴱ√TULUK > ᴱQ. tulka- | ✧ QL/95 |
| uluku > ulku | uCuCV > uCCV | ᴱ√ULUKU > ᴱQ. ulku | ✧ QL/97 |
| ulukwi > ulkwi | uCuCV > uCCV | ᴱ√ULUKU > ᴱQ. ulqi | ✧ QL/97 |
| uluto- > ulto- | uCuCV > uCCV | ᴱ√ULU > ᴱQ. ulto- | ✧ LT1A/Ulmo |