ᴱQ. intervocalic voiceless spirants became voiced; [V{fθθʲx}V] > [V{vððʲɣ}V]
References ✧ PE12/17-20
Order (02000)
After | 01300 | initial and intervocalic [xʷ] became [f] | ||
After | 01400 | [ɸ] usually became [f] | ||
Before | 02400 | [ɣ] otherwise vanished |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
> |
|
✧ PE12/16 (f > v (w); medial); PE12/17 (f > v); PE12/20 (ꝑ or f > f > v; between vowels) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE12/16 (þ > z; medial) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE12/16 (þ͡y > ẏ; medial); PE12/19 (þ͡y > y̑) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE12/16 (x > -; medial); PE12/18 (χ/h > ɣ) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE12/16 (x͡w > ẇ; medial) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
afalta- > avalta- | VfV > VvV | ᴱ√FALA > ᴱQ. avalta | ✧ QL/34 |
afesta > avesta | VfV > VvV | ᴱ√AFA > ᴱQ. avesta | ✧ QL/29 |
nufu- > nuvu- | VfV > VvV | ᴱ√NUFU > ᴱQ. nuvu- | ✧ QL/68 |
tefe- > teve- | VfV > VvV | ᴱ√TEFE > ᴱQ. teve- | ✧ QL/90 |
tefie > tevie | VfV > VvV | ᴱ√TEFE > ᴱQ. tēvie | ✧ QL/90 |
tefin > tevin | VfV > VvV | ᴱ√TEFE > ᴱQ. tevin | ✧ QL/90 |
axa > aɣa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√‘AHA > ᴱQ. â | ✧ QL/29 |
daxorme > daɣorme | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√TAHA > tahorme > taorme > ᴱQ. torme | ✧ QL/87 |
foxa > foɣa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√foχo > ᴱQ. foa | ✧ GL/36 |
koxuo > koɣua | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√KOHO > koχuo > ᴱQ. kuo | ✧ QL/47 |
laxa > laɣa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√LAHA > ᴱQ. lā | ✧ QL/50 |
lexa > leɣa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶leχa > ᴱQ. lea | ✧ GL/53 |
luxin > luɣin | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√LUHU > ᴱQ. luin | ✧ QL/56 |
mexar > meɣar | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√MEHE > ᴱQ. mear | ✧ QL/60 |
naxūa > naɣūa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶naχū́a > naū́a > náuwa > ᴱQ. nauva | ✧ PE12/10 |
nexier > neɣier | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√NEHE > neχier > neier > ᴱQ. nier | ✧ QL/65 |
nʲexie > nʲeɣie | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶nı̯eχie > ᴱQ. nie | ✧ GL/60 |
nʲexie > nʲeɣie | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶nyeχie > ᴱQ. nie | ✧ QL/68 |
ouxe > ouɣe | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶ou̯χe > ᴱQ. ue | ✧ QL/71 |
ouxe > ouɣe | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶OWO > ᴱQ. UE | ✧ QL/97 |
paxīan > paɣīan | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶pah͡y-īand > păχī́ănd > pắ(h)īăn(d) > ᴱQ. paiyan | ✧ PE12/8 |
taxime > taɣime | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√TAHA > ᴱQ. Taime | ✧ QL/88 |
texa > teɣa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√TEHE > ᴱQ. tea | ✧ QL/90 |
texie > teɣie | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ✶teχiḗ > tēye > tĕ́hie > ᴱQ. tī̆e | ✧ PE12/8 |
βaxa > βaɣa | VxV > VɣV | ᴱ√VAHA > ᴱQ. vā² | ✧ QL/99 |
aŋaθʲasse > aŋaðʲasse | VθʲV > VðʲV | ᴱ√ŊAH͡YA > ᴱQ. angayasse | ✧ QL/65 |
suθʲiβa > suðʲiβa | VθʲV > VðʲV | ᴱ√SUH͡YU > ᴱQ. suiva | ✧ QL/86 |