Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : LIR

√LIR root. “sing, warble”

√LIR root. “sing, warble, [ᴹ√] trill”: *ᴱ√N(D)ALA “ring, play”

A root connected to singing for all of Tolkien’s life (Ety/GLIR, LIR¹; PE17/27, 67), though its earliest precursor was ᴱ√LIŘI [LIÐI] and thus did not contain the consonant R (QL/54). For further discussion, see √LIN “sing, make a musical sound”.

References ✧ PE17/27, 67, 160

Glosses

“sing, warble” ✧ PE17/27 (LĬR); PE17/160 (LĬR)

Variations

LIR ✧ PE17/67
LĬR ✧ PE17/27; PE17/160

LIN ✧ PE17/27

Derivatives

> ✶liru- “to sing gaily”
- > Q. liru- “to sing”
- ⇒ Q. lirulin “lark”
> Q. #lir- “to sing”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !lirda “stanza, verse, (lit.) a product of singing”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !olirië “concert”
⇒ Q. liralë “merry singing”
> Q. lírë “song” ✧ PE17/67
- ⇒ 6 compounds
> S. glaer “tale”
- ⇒ S. Laer Cú Beleg “Song of the Great Bow” ✧ S/209

ᴹ√LIR¹ root. “sing, trill”

See √LIR for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/GLIR, LIR¹; EtyAC/LIR¹

Glosses

“sing” ✧ Ety/GLIR (GLIR); Ety/GLIR
“sing, trill” ✧ Ety/LIR¹

Variations

LIR¹ ✧ Ety/GLIR; Ety/LIR¹
GLIR ✧ Ety/GLIR; EtyAC/LIR¹
g-lir ✧ Ety/LIR¹

GLIR “sing” is the Noldorin form of LIR¹ “sing” ✧ Ety/GLIR
LIR¹ “sing, trill” is in Noldorin g-lir ✧ Ety/LIR¹
GLIN is a possible alternate form of GLIR “sing” ✧ EtyAC/GLIR

Changes

LIR¹ “sing, trill” >> GLIR ✧ Ety/LIR¹

Derivatives

> ᴹ✶laire “long lay” ✧ EtyAC/LIR¹
- > N. glaer “long lay, narrative poem” ✧ EtyAC/LIR¹
> ᴹQ. laire² “poem” ✧ Ety/GLIR
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !lairemo “poet”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !lairesta “poetry”
> ᴹQ. #lir- “to sing, chant” ✧ Ety/LIR¹
> ᴹQ. liri “finch”
> ᴹQ. liru- “to sing (gaily)”
- ⇒ 4 compounds
> N. glaer “long lay, narrative poem” ✧ Ety/GLIR
> N. glir- “to sing, recite poem” ✧ Ety/GLIR; EtyAC/LIR¹
- ⇒ S. Glirhuin
> N. glîr “song, poem, lay” ✧ Ety/GLIR; EtyAC/LIR¹
- ⇒ ᴺS. gwalir “rhyme, rime (the two actual rhyming words), rhyming poem”

ᴱ√LIÐI root. “sing”

See √LIN² for discussion.

References ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; PME/54; QL/54

Glosses

“sing” ✧ QL/54 (LIŘI)

Variations

LIRI ✧ LT1A/Lindelos
LIŘI ✧ PME/54; QL/54
’LIŘI ✧ PME/54

LIÐI “sing” later had some of its derivatives assigned to ᴹ√LIN² “sing”
LIŘI confused with LINI ✧ PME/54

Changes

’LIŘI >> LIŘI ✧ PME/54

Derivatives

> ᴱQ. lin¹ “melody, air, tune, musical voice” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; PME/54; QL/54
- ⇒ 9 compounds
> ᴱQ. lindele “music, song” ✧ PME/54
- ⇒ ᴱQ. lindelea “melodious” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; QL/54
> ᴱQ. #lindo “singer”
- ⇒ ᴱQ. tuilindo “swallow, (lit.) spring-singer” ✧ LT1A/Tuilérë
  - ⇒ 5 compounds
- ⇒ ᴱQ. Varavilindo “*Birdwarden”
> ᴱQ. liri- “to sing” ✧ QL/54; QL/54
> ᴱQ. lirilla “lay, song” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; PME/54; QL/54
> ᴱQ. Lirillo ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; PME/54; QL/54
- ⇒ ᴱQ. Lirillion
> ᴱQ. lirit(ta) “poem, lay, written poem” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; PME/54; QL/54
> G. #(g)lairin “*poem”
- ⇒ G. golairin “rime, rhyme; riming poem” ✧ GL/41
> G. glin “sound, voice, utterance”
- ⇒ G. -glin “suffix in the name of languages” ✧ GL/39; LT1A/Lindelos
  - ⇒ 4 compounds
- ⇒ G. glindwil “swallow” ✧ GL/39
- ⇒ G. Glingol “Singing Gold” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; PE15/25
> G. gling “music”
- ⇒ G. glingon “song, chanting, chant” ✧ GL/39
- ⇒ G. glingrin “musical” ✧ GL/39
> G. glîr “song, poem” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos
- ⇒ G. gwethlir “song of welcome” ✧ GL/47
> G. lin- “to sound (intr.)”
- ⇒ G. glindwil “swallow” ✧ GL/54
> G. lintha- “to sound (tr.), strike or ring bell, play an instrument”
- ⇒ G. linthanin “playing or music of instruments” ✧ GL/54
> G. lir- “to sing” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos
- ⇒ G. lillir “a song, lullaby” ✧ GL/54
> G. ‽Liriluith
⇒ G. maloglin “yellow song, daffodil”