✶medial [ŋj], [ŋw] became [ŋgj], [ŋgw]; [-ŋ{wj}-] > [-ŋg{wj}-]
References ✧ PE18/102, 104; PE19/74, 95, 97
Order ()
| Before | medial [ŋ] usually became [ɣ] |
Related
Phonetic Rule Elements
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> |
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✧ PE19/74 (ñw > *ñgw); PE19/95 (ñ > ñg; before y, w); PE19/97 (ñw > ññw > ñgw); PE18/102 (ŋw > ŋgw; medially); PE18/104 (ñw > ñgw; medially) |
|
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/74 (ñy > ñgy); PE19/97 (ñy > ññy > ñgy); PE18/102 (ŋy > ŋgy; medially); PE18/104 (ñy > ñgy; medially) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| leŋwe > leŋgwe | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶leñ-we > Q. leñgwe | ✧ PE19/97 |
| teŋwa > teŋgwa | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶teñwa > Q. tengwa | ✧ PE17/44 |
| teŋwa > teŋgwa | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶teñwa > Q. tengwa | ✧ PE17/44 |
| teŋwā > teŋgwā | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶teñ-wā > Q. teñgwa | ✧ PE19/97 |
| teŋwe > teŋgwe | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶teñgwe > Q. tengwe | ✧ VT39/4 |
| teŋwe > teŋgwe | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶teñ-we > Q. teñgwe | ✧ VT39/17 |
| teŋwe > teŋgwe | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ✶tenwe > Q. tengwe | ✧ WJ/394 |
ᴹ✶medial [ŋj], [ŋw] became [ŋgj], [ŋgw]; [-ŋ{wj}-] > [-ŋg{wj}-]
References ✧ PE18/54
Order (01200)
| Before | 01400 | medial [ŋ] usually became [ɣ] |
Related
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
✧ PE18/54 (ŋy > ŋgy); PE19/50 (ñy > ñgy) |
|
|
> |
|
✧ PE18/54 (ŋw > ŋgw); PE19/50 (ñw > ñgw) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| -ŋj- > -ŋgj- | -ŋj- > -ŋgj- | ᴹ✶-ŋj- > Ilk. -nd- | ✧ PE19/23 |
| -ŋj- > -ŋgj- | -ŋj- > -ŋgj- | ᴹ✶-ŋj- > ON. -ng- | ✧ PE19/23 |
| liŋwi > liŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶liñwi > Dor. líw | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| liŋwi > liŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ√LINGWI > Dor. ling | ✧ EtyAC/LIW |
| liŋwi > liŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶liñwi > ᴹQ. lingwe | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| liŋwi > liŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > N. lhim | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| liŋwit- > liŋgwit- | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ√LINKWI > N. lhimmid | ✧ Ety/LINKWI |
| neŋwi > neŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > Dor. nîw | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| neŋwi > neŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > ᴹQ. nengwe | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| neŋwi > neŋgwi | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > nemb > N. nem | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶-ŋw- > Ilk. -ŋg- | ✧ PE19/23 |
| -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶-ŋw- > ED. gg(v) | ✧ PE19/23 |
| -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶-ŋw- > uu̯ > Dan. gg(w) | ✧ PE19/23 |
| -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | -ŋw- > -ŋgw- | ᴹ✶-ŋw- > ON. -mb- | ✧ PE19/23 |