Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : TUR

√TUR root. “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power”

√TUR root. “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”

This root was connected to strength, victory and power for most of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√TURU “am strong” the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. túre “might, strength, power”, ᴱQ. túrin “kingdom”, and ᴱQ. turu- “can, to be able” (QL/95). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon it had derivatives like G. tûr “king” and G. turm “authority, rule; strength” (GL/72).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹ√TUR “power, control, mastery, victory” with derivatives like ᴹQ. taura/N. taur “mighty”, ᴹQ. tur-/N. tortha- “wield, control”, and ᴹQ. túre/N. tûr “mastery, victory” (Ety/TUR). The root √TUR was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “dominate, master, conquer” (PE17/104), “power” (PE17/113), “strong, mighty (in power)” (PE17/115), and “power of domination or dominion, control of other wills, legitimate or illegitimate mastery” (PE22/151).

References ✧ PE17/104, 113, 115, 188; PE22/151, 159; SA/tur; VT39/10

Glosses

“dominate, master, conquer” ✧ PE17/104
“dominate, master, conquer, power” ✧ PE17/188
“power” ✧ PE17/113
“power of domination or dominion, control of other wills, legitimate or illegitimate mastery” ✧ PE22/151
“power, mastery” ✧ SA/tur
“strong, mighty in power” ✧ PE17/115; PE17/188

TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power” is a later root for the sense “conquer” than ᴺ√PAY “punish, take vengeance on, requite; ⚠️conquer, subdue”
KURU “have power, strength, ability inherent physically or mentally” distinguish TUR “power of domination or dominion, control of other wills, legitimate or illegitimate mastery” ✧ PE22/151
Wes. †þuron rel[ated] to Elvish ‽ tur- ✧ PE22/159

Derivatives

> ᴺQ. !tulla “rudder”
> ᴺQ. túrion “palace”
> ᴺQ. !turmë “governing power, strength”
> ᴺQ. turwa “powerful [in a general sense]”
> ᴺS. !tor- “to win, have victory”
> ᴺS. ^trog “easy to handle; convenient, tractable, docile”
⇒ ✶artaurē “Realm”
- > S. arthor “realm” ✧ PE17/28
  - ⇒ 4 compounds
⇒ ✶tura-mbar “master of fate” ✧ PE17/104
- > Q. Turambar “Master of Doom, Master of Fate” ✧ PE17/104
- > S. Turamarth “Master of Doom”
> ✶turū “Great Lord or King”
⇒ √TURUK “*strong”
- > ✶turuk “stake”
- > ✶turunku “great stake”
  - > S. trunc “great stake” ✧ PE21/80; PE21/80
- > Q. #turca “strong, powerful (in body)”
  - ⇒ Q. Turcafinwë “strong, powerful (in body)” ✧ PM/352
- > Q. #turco¹ “chief”
  - ⇒ S. Turcomund “Chief of Bulls” ✧ Let/423
- > Q. turco² “*stronghold” ✧ PE17/22
  - ⇒ Q. Lúnaturco “?Dark Stronghold” ✧ PE17/22; PE17/22
> Q. taura “(very) mighty, masterful; vast, of unmeasured might or size” ✧ PE17/115; VT39/10
> Q. -tur “master, lord, ruler” ✧ SA/tur
- ⇒ 15 compounds
> Q. tur- “to master, conquer, dominate, win” ✧ PE17/115
- ⇒ 6 compounds
> Q. túra “big, great” ✧ PE17/115
> Q. #túrë “*might, mastery” ✧ PE17/115
- ⇒ 5 compounds
> Q. túrin “lord”
- ⇒ Q. i Túrin i Cormaron “the Lord of the Rings” ✧ Minor-Doc/1973-05-30
⇒ Q. turindo “purposeful mind, strong will”
- ⇒ Q. turindura “done necessarily” ✧ PE22/165
⇒ Q. turmen “realm”
- ⇒ Q. Turmen Follondiéva “Realm of the North-harbourage” ✧ PE17/28
- ⇒ Q. Turmen Hyallondiéva “Realm of the South-harbourage” ✧ PE17/28
⇒ Q. Túrosto “Mickleburg, (lit.) Great Fortress”
> Q. turu- “to master, defeat, have victory over” ✧ PE17/113
- ⇒ 4 compounds
> Q. turya- “*to strengthen”
> S. #tûr “master”
- ⇒ S. Turamarth “Master of Doom” ✧ SA/amarth
- ⇒ S. Turgon “Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout”
- ⇒ S. Túrin
  - ⇒ 4 compounds
⇒ S. Turgon “Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout” ✧ SA/tur
⇒ S. Túrin ✧ SA/tur
- ⇒ 4 compounds

ᴹ√TUR root. “power, control, mastery, victory”

See √TUR for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/ID, TĀ, TÁWAR, TUR

Glosses

“power, control, mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TUR

Derivatives

⇒ ᴹ✶ortur- “master, conquer” ✧ Ety/TUR
- > N. #orthor- “to master, conquer” ✧ Ety/TUR
> ᴹ✶taurā “masterful, mighty” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; Ety/TUR
- > ᴹQ. taura “mighty” ✧ Ety/TUR
- > N. taur² “vast, mighty, overwhelming, awful, huge; high, sublime” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; Ety/TUR
  - ⇒ 7 compounds
> ᴹ✶tūrē “mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TUR
- > ᴹQ. túre “mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TUR
  - ⇒ ᴹQ. Turindo ✧ Ety/TUR
- > N. tûr “mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TUR
  - ⇒ N. Turgon
  - ⇒ N. Túrin ✧ Ety/TUR
  - ⇒ N. Turumarth “Master of Fate, Conqueror of Fate” ✧ Ety/TUR
> ᴹ✶tūrō “master, victor, lord” ✧ Ety/TUR
- > ᴹQ. turo “master, victor, lord” ✧ Ety/TUR
  - ⇒ 4 compounds
- ⇒ N. Fannor “Cloud-lord” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TUR
  - ⇒ N. Ar Fennuir “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
  - ⇒ N. Gurfannor “Lord of Death-cloud”
  - ⇒ N. Olfannor “Lord of Dream-cloud”
> ᴹQ. tur- “to wield, control, govern” ✧ Ety/TUR
⇒ ᴹQ. Turambar “Master of Fate, Conqueror of Fate” ✧ Ety/TUR
⇒ ᴹQ. Turkil “Great Man, Lordly Man, Númenórean” ✧ Ety/TUR
> ᴹQ. Túro
- ⇒ 6 compounds
> ᴹQ. turya- “to strengthen”
- ⇒ ᴹQ. turyande “fortification, strengthening” ✧ PE22/110
- ⇒ ᴹQ. turyanwa “fortified” ✧ PE18/46
> N. tortha- “to wield, control” ✧ Ety/TUR
> N. Túrin ✧ Ety/ID

ᴱ√TURU root. “am strong”

See √TUR for discussion.

References ✧ GL/71; LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi, Tuor, Turuhalmë; QL/95

Glosses

“am strong” ✧ QL/95
“be strong” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; LT1A/Tuor; LT1A/Turuhalmë

Variations

TURU ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; LT1A/Tuor; LT1A/Turuhalmë; QL/95
‽turu· ✧ GL/71

TURU “be strong” is distinct from TURU “kindle” ✧ LT1A/Turuhalmë
TURU “am strong” here is put by some (but see under tuřu) ᴱQ. turu “wood” ✧ QL/95

Derivatives

> ᴱN. turu- “to master”
- ⇒ ᴱN. Turmarth “Conqueror of Fate” ✧ PE15/61
> ᴱQ. tur “king” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; QL/96
- ⇒ 9 compounds
⇒ ᴱQ. Turambar “Conqueror of Fate” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; QL/95
> ᴱQ. túre “might, strength, power” ✧ QL/95
- ⇒ ᴱQ. †túrea “mighty” ✧ QL/95
> ᴱQ. turka “strong”
⇒ ᴱQ. Turondo ✧ LT1A/Turgon
> ᴱQ. turqima “haughty” ✧ QL/96
> ᴱQ. turu-¹ “can, to be able” ✧ QL/95
> ᴱQ. turwa “powerful” ✧ QL/96
⇒ ᴱQ. Valatúru “Lord of the Valar”
> G. drum “stout, firm, strong”
> G. †taur² “ability, power”
- ⇒ G. taura “powerful” ✧ GL/69
> G. trug “easy to handle; convenient, tractable, docile” ✧ GL/71
- ⇒ G. udrug “intractable, fierce, untamed” ✧ GL/71
> G. Tuor ✧ LT1A/Tuor
> G. tûr “king” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi
- ⇒ G. turioth “kingship” ✧ GL/72
> G. tur- “can, to have power to” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi
⇒ G. Turgon ✧ LT1A/Turgon
> G. turinthi “princess” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi
- ⇒ G. Gwithil i·Durinthi “Queen of Flowers” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi
> G. turm “authority, rule; strength” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi
> G. turwin “queen” ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi
- ⇒ G. Gwithil i·Durinthi “Queen of Flowers” ✧ PE13/95
- ⇒ G. niosturwin “queen bee”
- ⇒ G. Tinthurwin “Queen of Stars” ✧ LT1A/Tinwetári