• Chapter 1 Exercises
• Chapter 2 Exercises
• Chapter 3 Exercises
• Chapter 4 Exercises
• Chapter 5 Exercises
• Chapter 6 Exercises
• Chapter 7 Exercises
• Chapter 8 Exercises
• Chapter 9 Exercises
• Chapter 10 Exercises

Chapter 1 Exercises

• Exercise 1.1
• Exercise 1.2
• Exercise 1.3
• Exercise 1.4
• Exercise 1.5

Exercise 1.1

Translate the following into English:

1. Macili cirir orcor.
2. I elda tuvë osto.
3. Sílan.
4. I aran tíra aiwi.
5. I naucor nórar.
6. Atani samir cöar.
7. Tirin eleni.
8. I aiwi lorir.

Translate the following into Quenya:

9. I have a bird.
10. The stars shine.
11. An orc cuts the forest.
12. The captain is sleeping.
13. Birds are eating.
14. I am watching the house.
15. The men find (or discover) the elves.
16. Elves are going.

Answers are in Answer Key 1.1 at the end of Chapter 1.

Exercise 1.2

Translate the following into English:

1. Nóras.
2. Tíralyë cöanya.
3. Cirin lye.
4. Macilelyar sílar.
5. Mátalyes.
6. Aranya ména.
7. Tuvinyë i taurë.
8. I elda tiret.

Translate the following into Quenya:

9. You have my sword.
10. The captain finds your forests.
11. The elf watches his/her city.
12. I am going.
13. The dwarf finds me.
14. He/she is sleeping.
15. An orc is eating him/her.
16. His kings run.

Answers are in Answer Key 1.2 at the end of Chapter 1.

Exercise 1.3

Translate the following into English:

1. I turcë atani cirir i taurë sí.
2. Orco linquë.
3. Luine aiwë lóra.
4. I aran oialë tirë i osto.
5. Cirin i linta orco.
6. Cirin linta i orco.

Translate the following into Quenya:

7. The elves are watching the glorious star.
8. You are a tall dwarf.
9. Birds go far.
10. The dead orcs are blue.
11. The captain sleeps well.
12. The well loved king is eating.

Answers are in Answer Key 1.3 at the end of Chapter 1.

Exercise 1.4

Translate the following into English:

1. I atan nóra i orcollor.
2. Aiwi lórar i tauressë.
3. Naucor nu i ambor.
4. I eleni silir menelessë.
5. I hesto atanion ú macilo.
6. I aran sí menë ostoryanna.

Translate the following into Quenya:

7. The orc [is] strong like iron.
8. The men go out from the city.
9. The dwarf has a sword of iron.
10. The sky [is] above the hills.
11. I am eating in my tower.
12. Dead elves sleep forever in the hills.

Answers are in Answer Key 1.4 at the end of Chapter 1.

Exercise 1.5

Translate the following into English:

1. I atan ar i nauco samir macili.
2. Macili i cirir orcor silir luini.
3. Samis macil yallo orcor norir.
4. Tíran i hesto orcoron yenna i orcor menir.

Translate the following into Quenya:

5. Elves sleep in the forest that orcs cut.
6. Men find the forest where [= in which] the elves sleep.
7. Elves are running from the orcs who are cutting the forest.
8. Men and dwarves are going to the forest from which the elves run.

Answers are in Answer Key 1.5 at the end of Chapter 1.

Chapter 2 Exercises

• Exercise 2.1
• Exercise 2.2
• Exercise 2.3
• Exercise 2.4
• Exercise 2.5

Exercise 2.1

Translate the following Quenya words into English. Then mark their syllable boundaries and underline their stressed syllable. Finally, rewrite (or simply say) each word using the pseudo-phonetic system described above, again marking stress via capital letters or underlines. For example:

• ambo: “hill”, am.bo, pronounced “AHM.boh”

You may want to look at the Grammar Summary from Chapter 1 to remind yourself what the inflected forms mean (nouns and verbs with their grammatical suffixes).

1. Ambar
2. Endórë
3. luini
4. tuvinyes
5. taurëo
6. nórë
7. nórenya
8. noirë
9. noirerya
10. ailin
11. ailino
12. ailinya
13. ailinessë
14. oron
15. oronto
16. orontello
17. opelë
18. opelelya
19. opelelyo
20. opelelyanna

Answers are in Answer Key 2.1 at the end of Chapter 2.

Exercise 2.2

Translate the following into English:

1. I rotto latë nu oron.
2. Elda séra i opelessë.
3. Tië tulyanë i atan i nórenna.
4. I men menë oialë.
5. I naucor váner i rottollo.
6. I hesto tolunë ara raxarya.
7. I tië mennë et i nandollo.
8. Sí anyëan i mindon. ¹
9. Táral nu i telumë.
10. I sírë celu nu i yanta. ²

• Note ¹: There is no locative here because “at” is part of the meaning of the verb.
• Note ²: The verb norë can’t be used here. Can you guess why?

Translate the following into Quenya:

11. The man went to the city.
12. He/she is departing from the forest.
13. The orcs dwell under the mountain.
14. The captain sent for an elf.
15. The river lies beside your country.
16. A street leads me from the tower.
17. The tomb sits on a hill.
18. A dwarf is sitting down in your house.
19. The tower is standing by a lake.
20. The king traveled to Middle-earth.

Answers are in Answer Key 2.2 at the end of Chapter 2.

Exercise 2.3

Practice the pronunciation of the following words using the pseudo-phonetic representations from section 2.1.5 Pronunciation Summary.

1. meldo - “MEHL.doh”
2. lië - “LEE.eh”
3. quilda - “KWEEL.dah”
4. aiqua - “EYE.kwah”
5. núra - “NOOO.rah”
6. perian - “PEHR.ee.ahn”
7. periandi - “pehr.ee.AHN.dee”
8. tiuca - “TYOO.kah”
9. raica - “REYE.kah”
10. tauressë - “tow.REHS.seh” [like “how” not “toe”]

Translate the following into English:

11. Meldonya tyelca.
12. I nitya nauco nís.
13. I oronti aiquë.
14. Seldolya senna quén.
15. I netti náner márë meldi.
16. Nanyë lenca sí.
17. Nauval qualin.
18. I raica sírë i celu ar’ i osto núra ná.
19. I aiwi i atani fárëar lintë nár.
20. Quilda ná.

Translate the following into Quenya:

21. His/her child is small.
22. The deep valley is narrow.
23. The men [males] are friends.
24. Straight rivers are wide.
25. The tall towers were crooked.
26. I will be burly.
27. The halflings will be fat.
28. It is bad.
29. The halfling who is running in the forest is swift.
30. The elves who are watching the king are quiet.

Pick appropriate locational verbs for these sentences (hint: they won’t be ná or ëa):

31. The women are in the city [semi-permanently].
32. The house is on the hill.
33. The road is under the bridge.
34. The elf is in the house [temporarily].
35. The towers are in the forest.

Answers are in Answer Key 2.3 at the end of Chapter 2.

Exercise 2.4

Translate the following into English:

1. I cirya luntë et i ëarello ar mí londenna.
2. I nér i hára i falassessë ciryamo ná.
3. I tyulma tára halla i luntessë.
4. Ciryar lutir ëaressë mal aiwi vilir vilyassë.
5. Isil sílë i ambonna.
6. Lauca hwesta i ostossë mára ná.

Translate the following into Quenya:

7. The sun is shining and the birds are flying in the sky.
8. Dark clouds float in the sky.
9. A wave on the lake is small, but a wave on the sea is large.
10. The wind is strong now.
11. A man or a dwarf watches the earth but an elf watches the sky.
12. The women came to the island where (= on which) the elves live.

Answers are in Answer Key 2.4 at the end of Chapter 2.

Exercise 2.5

The various capitalized names in the exercise (Lëa, Oren, Cissë, Miro, Tilë) are not intended to have any particular meaning other than as individuals in the story. Here are some adverbs and conjunctions used in the story, not previously introduced:

• tá adv. “then”
• yá conj. “when”
• yú adv. “too, also”

Translate the following into English:

1. Lëa melë Oren ar Oren melë Lëa.
2. Lëa ar Oren vestaner i tauressë.
3. Nosserya túlë i veryanwenna, mal nossë Oreno vánë i taurello.
4. Atarya tarnë ara Lëa.
5. Amillë Lëo tirnë i ambollo.
6. Nilderya Cissë nánë tanomë yú.

Translate the following into Quenya:

7. The marriage was good.
8. Lëa and Oren conceived [begat] a son Miro.
9. Lëa loved the son of her husband.
10. Then Lëa gave birth to a daughter Tilë.
11. Tilë loves her brother Miro.
12. Miro watches his sister Tilë when his parents go to the city.

Answers are in Answer Key 2.5 at the end of Chapter 2.

Chapter 3 Exercises

• Exercise 3.1
• Exercise 3.2
• Exercise 3.3
• Exercise 3.4

Exercise 3.1

Try pronouncing these Elvish vocabulary words. You may also want to attempt the archaic pronunciations. This pronunciation exercise does not include any pseudo-phonetic renderings of the words because the pronunciations are different enough from English that trying to map them to English sounds is counterproductive.

1. vanwa adj. “lost, gone”
2. hlas n. “ear”
3. hröa n. “body”
4. hwesta n. “breeze”
5. hyarmen n. “south”
6. Isil [þ] n. “Moon”
7. nandë [ñ-] n. “harp”
8. nwalmë [ñ-] n. “torment”
9. nésa [þ] n. “sister”
10. ohta n. “war”
11. raxa n. “wagon”
12. tehta n. “written mark, diacritic”
13. tyávë n. “taste”
14. vendë [w-] n. “maiden”
15. vingë [w-] n. “foam”

For vocabulary practice, translate the following from Quenya to English. Elerondo and Aracorno are the Quenya names of Elrond and Aragorn.

16. Essenya Lëa.
17. Elerondo nyarnë i lúmequenta eldaron andanéya Aracornon.
18. I nettë téca tengwar tecilmen.
19. I atan quéta i neren.
20. Yallen yeldenya ómanyanen.

Translate the following to Quenya:

21. I am naming my son Miro.
22. You wrote a book with paper.
23. The woman reads books to the king.
24. The girl spoke a word to her mother.
25. The dwarf gave a pen to the boy.

Answers are in Answer Key 3.1 at the end of Chapter 3.

Exercise 3.2

Translate the following to English:

1. Liltëaldë i ambossen.
2. Nyarnetyë lairetya ar nánes mára.
3. Simpalya lirë nin.
4. Lindalë yalë fëalvar.
5. Túvelmë i orco ar tíralmes sí.
6. Lírelvar lairi eldaron nár, ar nanta márë.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. His pen was swift and it danced on the paper.
8. Their son is singing gaily to us (including you).
9. You (familiar) have a blue bell.
10. Your (plural) drums are calling them.
11. We (but not you) sang for our (including you) king.
12. The singer had my harp.

Answers are in Answer Key 3.2 at the end of Chapter 3.

Exercise 3.3

Translate the following to English:

1. Aiya! Ma técal parma?
2. Ná. Nauvas mára.
3. A, merin henta sa.
4. Á anta i tecil nin, mecin.
5. Cáran sa sí.
6. Hantan lyen. Márienna.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. (Stay) in happiness. It is good that you came, sir.
8. Yes, captain. I see that you made the sword.
9. Behold! I made it for you, my king.
10. It pleases me well.
11. I am giving it to you, my king.
12. I want to hunt orcs with it. Farewell!

Answers are in Answer Key 3.3 at the end of Chapter 3.

Exercise 3.4

Translate the following to English:

1. Á tulë i taurenna lúmessë andúnëo.
2. Cenuvan amillenya enar.
3. Merin serë lómessë.
4. Isil oryuva amba rómenessë.
5. Nai Anar caluva tyenna síra.
6. Yá cenin Valinorenna, formen forya ar hyarmen hyarya.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. May the dawn be warm for you (plural).
8. The mountain is far away but we (including you) will see it in the morning.
9. Stay a day (24 hours) in the cave.
10. The Moon will go down in the west.
11. The Sun shines in the day.
12. I came to the tower yesterday.

Answers are in Answer Key 3.4 at the end of Chapter 3.

Chapter 4 Exercises

• Exercise 4.1
• Exercise 4.2
• Exercise 4.3
• Exercise 4.4
• Exercise 4.5

Exercise 4.1

Transcribe the following Quenya phrases to tengwar, and then translate them to English. Pay special attention to (a) words that use letters from their archaic pronunciation and (b) letters for sounds that are different based on their position in the word.

1. I atan hirnë i osto.
2. Isil síla sí or tië.
3. I perian matuva aiwë enar.
4. I nís merë marë mi taurë. ¹
5. I nauco fárëa i orcor nu i oron.
6. Aiwi vilir nu menel.

Note ¹: You might wonder why this sentence uses mi taurë rather than the more usual tauressë. That’s because we haven’t learned how to write ss in tengwar yet.

Answers are in Answer Key 4.1 at the end of Chapter 4.

Exercise 4.2

Translate the following from Quenya to English. This should also give you some practice in “unpluralizing” adjectives.

1. Ninqui axor naucoron caitar nu i oron. ¹
2. Luini aiwi vílar or i andë tiër.
3. I atano sercë carnë.
4. Calmar cálar laurië i ostossë.
5. Cenin varni leperi máryo.
6. Mornë homi orquion serir amborintassë.

• Note ¹: You may wonder why the definite article i is used so rarely in these examples. That’s because genitive expressions (X of Y, Y’s X) are an example of a situation where English uses “the” but Quenya often omits i. This topic is discussed further in Chapter 6, Section §6.3.3.2.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The blood-coloured towers stand on the hills.
8. Children have little toes.
9. Strong arms make powerful men.
10. The captain cut the orcs’ legs.
11. Pale white clouds fly in the sky.
12. The grey elves dwell in green forests.

Answers are in Answer Key 4.2 at the end of Chapter 4.

Exercise 4.3

Translate the following to English:

1. I nér maxëa apsa.
2. I seldo antanë yávi i netten.
3. Amillenya mastëa massa sí.
4. Atarelya nancë i orva.
5. Eldar carir miruvórë nehtenen.
6. Quëar ar yávi mára matta (nár).

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The husband poured wine for his wife.
8. Give [to] me a cup of water.
9. We [and you] will eat a meal [together] with the halflings today.
10. I want a drink of wine now.
11. You licked my hand with [by means of] your tongue.
12. The woman ate an orange.

Answers are in Answer Key 4.3 at the end of Chapter 4.

Exercise 4.4

Translate the following to English:

1. Nís rendë erdi restaryassë.
2. Olvali alaner lintë tanomë.
3. I nís nemnë alassëa restaryassë.
4. Matta launë i nissen.
5. I nís mastanë massa.
6. Nettë cambë massa i nissello.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. Some boys snatched the bread from the girl.
8. The girl kicked the leg of a boy.
9. The boys heard the girl call the captain.
10. They pushed the girl away and they ran from the captain.
11. The captain searched the city for the boys.
12. The roof covered the children.

Answers are in Answer Key 4.4 at the end of Chapter 4.

Exercise 4.5

Translate the following to English:

1. Calali cálar i ostossë.
2. Uluva enar.
3. I taurë lauca síra.
4. I rottossë morë ná.
5. Hrísa ar i lossë ringa.
6. Nicunë nöa.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. Fire [is] hot.
8. Water [is] wet.
9. Ice [is] cold.
10. Light [kindle] a lamp, please.
11. The air is warm in the house.
12. Plants grow in the earth.

Answers are in Answer Key 4.5 at the end of Chapter 4.

Chapter 5 Exercises

• Exercise 5.1
• Exercise 5.2
• Exercise 5.3
• Exercise 5.4
• Exercise 5.5

Exercise 5.1

Transcribe the following into tengwar. For simple Quenya practices, just translate the following into English. This exercise uses one verb we haven’t introduced yet: orta-. It has a meaning similar to orya-, but can take a direct object. See if you can guess what it means.

1. Halla nér túlë i osto andonna ó raxarya.
2. “Man tára nu i ando ango?” i hesto quentë.
3. “Nányë indyo i arano ar essenya Mico” i nér quentë.
4. “Á yalë i aran!” i hesto quentë.
5. I hesto ortanë macilya tyelpëo.
6. Aran i ardo tirnë i atani mindonyallo.

For additional tengwar practice, you can repeat the exercises from earlier in the course, but write the answers in tengwar instead of Latin letters. You can do the same for future exercise. All the exercises have a set of (optional) tengwar answers.

Answers are in Answer Key 5.1 at the end of Chapter 5.

Exercise 5.2

Translate the following to English:

1. Hendinyat tírat i orco atta.
2. I nauco fanga ninquë yo sinda.
3. Súlerya autëa peu i atano lenca.
4. I hínat samit laurëa findë.
5. I elda nustanë i nísima hwesta.
6. Hlarin hlón i tauressë.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. Do your ears hear the king’s words?
8. The pair of birds sang in the tree.
9. His tongue tasted a bitter vegetable.
10. Birds fly above both land and sea.
11. The halfling ate a sweet apple beside the pair of trees.
12. I smell a stinking orc.

Answers are in Answer Key 5.2 at the end of Chapter 5.

Exercise 5.3

Translate the following to English:

1. I perian álëa matta liëryan.
2. I nettë cirnë salquë ataryan.
3. I erdi tuianer úrenen Anaro.
4. I nís tiruva hínali i naucoin.
5. I hesto quentë i aranen.
6. Lóti márë nin (nár).

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The dwarves dig gold for their king.
8. Flowers bloom in daytime.
9. A garden [is] good for plants.
10. The elves gave some swords to the men.
11. A tree will grow in the field.
12. The man [male] cooked a meal for the halfling.

Answers are in Answer Key 5.3 at the end of Chapter 5.

Exercise 5.4

Translate the following from Quenya to English. See if you can guess what minna (mi-nna) means.

1. Acápien minna i sírë.
2. I cirya ulútië i londessë.
3. I aran orortanië macilya.
4. I sírë ecélië i orontello.
5. I nauco ihílië i atan.
6. I cöa atalantië i lómessë.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The elf has run to the forest.
8. The boy has pushed the girl.
9. The man has walked to the city.
10. He/she has fallen in the garden.
11. The man [male] has risen in the morning.
12. The captain has struck the bell.

Answers are in Answer Key 5.4 at the end of Chapter 5.

Exercise 5.5

Translate the following to English:

1. I nauco ui halla
2. Únen verya.
3. I atani uir laituva i aran.
4. Áva menë i ostonna síra.
5. Ván! Ván menuva i ostonna.
6. I aran váquentë i voronda hesto auta.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The orc is not beautiful.
8. Do not dare the danger in the cave.
9. I won’t! I will not do an evil thing.
10. The king was not good [moral].
11. The boy will become admirable.
12. The boy refused to go to the city.

Answers are in Answer Key 5.5 at the end of Chapter 5.

Chapter 6 Exercises

• Exercise 6.1
• Exercise 6.2
• Exercise 6.3
• Exercise 6.4
• Exercise 6.5

Exercise 6.1

Combine the following elements and indicate how the sounds would change in the combined forms. Capitalized words are names from Tolkien’s Legendarium.

1. ara “beside” + i sírë “the river”
2. calima “bright” + arin “morning”
3. ostollo “from city” + ambonnar “to hills”
4. miquë “kiss” + i seldo “the boy”
5. lingwë (lingwi-) “fish” + már “home” (as a compound)
6. Valinórë + -ssë “in”
7. opelë “village” + -li “some”
8. lindalë “music” + -nen “by [means of]”
9. Ilúvatar + -o “of”
10. Malinornë “Mallorn” + -lion “of some”

To practice vocabulary words, translate the following to Quenya.

11. War came to the land.
12. The captain watched the enemies from the hill.
13. The commanders of the orcs quarrelled.
14. The captain raised his/her spear and called the warriors.
15. The warriors fought the orcs with swords.
16. They protected the captain with shields.
17. The knights defeated the enemies and rescued the elves.
18. The forest was safe and peace returned (“to return” = entul-).

Answers are in Answer Key 6.1 at the end of Chapter 6.

Exercise 6.2

Translate the following to English:

1. Aiweli viller vilyassë.
2. Rácali fárëar lopoldi.
3. Alquali lútar i ailinessë.
4. Porocéli ontaner ohteli.
5. Rauroli amátier mámali.
6. Leucali serir salquessë.

Translate the following from English to Quenya. There are some new additional vocabulary words as well:

7. Some animals hunt and some animals do not hunt.
8. Some fish eat seaweed (ëaruilë).
9. Some cats are chasing (roita-) some rats.
10. Some dogs watched the cows.
11. Some horses have run to the river.
12. Some bears fought the dragon.

Answers are in Answer Key 6.2 at the end of Chapter 6.

Exercise 6.3

Translate the following from English to Quenya. Pay particular attention to cases where Quenya would use genitive -o vs. possessive -va, as well as cases where it is ambiguous.

1. A warrior’s captain.
2. The elf’s house.
3. A king’s warriors.
4. A warrior’s sword.
5. Fruits of trees.
6. Beginning of the day.
7. Towers of war.
8. Warriors’ swords.
9. The king’s glory.
10. A house of joy (alassë).

Translate the following from Quenya to English as vocabulary practice:

11. Cennelvë i aran ep’ ambarónë.
12. I yára elda quéta i nessa atanen sí.
13. Andúnë metta i aurëo (ná).
14. Á pusta!
15. Meluvan lye oialë.
16. Tarnes nó i cöa.

Answers are in Answer Key 6.3 at the end of Chapter 6.

Exercise 6.4

Translate the following to Quenya, paying particular attention to phrases where Quenya would omit the definite article even though English uses it:

1. I saw a woman. The woman was tall.
2. Altáriel [Galadriel] the Wise.
3. The arm of an orc.
4. Call the captain.
5. The last man.
6. The mast pushes a ship.
7. Stars shine in the heavens.
8. They will speak to the king.

Translate the following to English as vocabulary practice:

9. Túves cumna rotto.
10. I elda eressëa rimbessë.
11. Ui métima nótë.
12. Ilyë atani túler síra.
13. Samilvë fárëa massa.
14. Á quanta i yulma, mecin.

Answers are in Answer Key 6.4 at the end of Chapter 6.

Exercise 6.5

Translate the following to English:

1. Rauro atta tirnet i máma. ¹
2. I hesto quéta i ohtarin neldë.
3. Atani yuquain tarir i andossë.
4. Á anta min macil nin.
5. Yúyo nauco lórat mí mindon. ¹
6. Minya elda tarnë ar’ i ailin.

• Note ¹: Remember, if the subject is two of something, the verb takes the dual inflection -t: see section §5.2.1.3.

Answers are in Answer Key 6.5 at the end of Chapter 6.

Chapter 7 Exercises

• Exercise 7.1
• Exercise 7.2
• Exercise 7.3

Exercise 7.1

Translate the following to English:

1. Issë qualuva macilmen.
2. Merin i elyë hiruva rainë.
3. Intë lorir lómessë.
4. Mo coinë sina rottossë.
5. I orcor nacanter sé mal ú hyé.
6. I nauco cennë i nér ar hye sérë i cöassë.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. Even we (including you) are not immortal.
8. I will give even you (plural) some bread.
9. They discovered something yesterday.
10. I want that someone save even me.
11. The captain spoke to the warrior and he [the warrior] went to the city.
12. The captain spoke to the warrior and he [the captain] went to the city.

Answers are in Answer Key 7.1 at the end of Chapter 7.

Exercise 7.2

Translate the following to English:

1. I ronyo merë roita lopoldi.
2. Polil hlicë tuvë farna i tauressë.
3. Nurtaitas rehtanë i hína.
4. Á telya faraitalyas enar.
5. Farië lamni anta matta lienyan.
6. Mennelmë i taurenna rembien.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The feathers of birds are good for arrow making.
8. The bull’s horn is not long.
9. I can ride a horse every day.
10. A bird’s wing has some feathers.
11. I found her bow under the tree.
12. My finding it shows that she is in danger.

Answers are in Answer Key 7.2 at the end of Chapter 7.

Exercise 7.3

Translate the following to English:

1. Mennelmë endenna i taurëo.
2. I osto harë imbi ambor.
3. I orcor ménar minna i rotto.
4. Cenuvan i hesto lómessë.
5. I atani túler et i mindonillon.
6. I atani nacanter orcor macilínen.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The elf went with the dwarves to the tower.
8. The women are coming from there.
9. The man [male] wrote the story with a pen.
10. The king has walked from the base to the top of the tower.
11. The house sits in the centre of a city.
12. The height of the mountain watches above the valley.

Answers are in Answer Key 7.3 at the end of Chapter 7.

Chapter 8 Exercises

• Exercise 8.1
• Exercise 8.2
• Exercise 8.3

Exercise 8.1

Based on the tenses provided, fill in the remaining verb tense conjugations (past, perfect, present, future) and identify the verb class:

1. Aorist ala “grows”, future aluva “will grow”
2. Aorist auta “departs”, past vánë “departed”
3. Aorist henta “scans”, perfect ehentanië “has scanned”
4. Aorist tulya “brings”, past tulyanë “brought”
5. Aorist nahta “slays”, past nacantë “slayed”
6. Aorist fara “hunts”, present fárëa “is hunting”
7. Aorist tengwa “reads (writing)”, past tengwanë “read (writing)”
8. Aorist orya “rises”, past oronyë “rose”
9. Aorist tulta “summons”, past tultanë “summoned”
10. Aorist caita “lies (down)”, past cainë “lay (down)”
11. Aorist sulpa “laps up”, perfect sulpanë “lapped up”
12. Aorist talta “collapses”, past talantë “collapsed”

As vocabulary practice, translate the following to Quenya:

13. Work caused me to become strong [= that I became strong].
14. Your good deed will bring you happiness.
15. Some dwarves broke the orcs’ swords.
16. Birds have knocked on trees in the forest.
17. Horses will pull the wagon swift[ly].
18. The river bends beyond the city.

Answers are in Answer Key 8.1 at the end of Chapter 8.

Exercise 8.2

Translate the following to English:

1. Man melilyë?
2. Ma i elda rëantë?
3. Ma micuvalyë ni?
4. Massë i netti tyálar?
5. Manen polin fasta i aran?
6. Ma i atani alassië?

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. What is your answer?
8. Who is laughing?
9. Are they excited?
10. Where did the orcs come from?
11. Will you see the captain?
12. Do you want to watch the warriors?

Answers are in Answer Key 8.2 at the end of Chapter 8.

Exercise 8.3

Translate the following to English:

1. Orcor ruhtaner i taurëo periandi.
2. Soronyentë i orcor merner nahta te.
3. Orcor tevir periandi ar naucor ar eldar ar atani.
4. Hrávë orcor marner rottossen nu i oronti.
5. Nwalmë periandion fastanë i orcor.
6. I periandi nainaner umbartinta.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. Pain does not terrify dwarves.
8. Angry dwarves hunted orcs in the forest.
9. The orcs growled in fear.
10. The rage of the dwarves was powerful.
11. The elves were sorrowful that fighting filled the forest.
12. The tears of the elves flowed like rivers.

Answers are in Answer Key 8.3 at the end of Chapter 8.

Chapter 9 Exercises

• Exercise 9.1
• Exercise 9.2
• Exercise 9.3
• Exercise 9.4

Exercise 9.1

Translate the following to English:

1. I harma-antaila aran alya.
2. Mancaimë armar mirwë.
3. I telpë-samila nauco ui penya.
4. Orcor merir tuvë lépima harma.
5. I mapinë macili vanwë.
6. I ohtari norner minna i lantaina ando.

Translate the following to Quenya:

7. The generous (prone to give) halfling lacks money now.
8. The receptive (able to receive) merchant sits in the house.
9. All fighting warriors will die.
10. The received gifts saved the girls’ happiness.
11. The elves gave the taken goods to the captain.
12. The taking men stayed (= sat) in the tower.

Answers are in Answer Key 9.1 at the end of Chapter 9.

Exercise 9.2

Translate the following to English:

1. Hrisë.
2. Cantë i cirma.
3. Mo namba taxi yá mo carasta cöa.
4. Tammar catinë taminwen.

Translate the following to Quenya:

5. It rains.
6. One fashions a sword with craft.
7. The picture was fastened on the wall with a nail.
8. The smith feels an urge to make a sword.

Answers are in Answer Key 9.2 at the end of Chapter 9.

Exercise 9.3

Translate the following to English:

1. I nís sernë linta i laupë.
2. I periandi coller i corma andavë.
3. I eldar autuvar Endorello rongo.
4. I mai carina vacco nánë hirina i rottossë.

Translate the following to Quenya:

5. The horse ran swift[ly].
6. The horse ran swiftly [= with swiftness].
7. The horse ran long.
8. The horse ran well.

Answers are in Answer Key 9.3 at the end of Chapter 9.

Exercise 9.4

Translate the following to English:

1. I súrë ringa lá nöa.
2. I cirma ammaica.
3. I collo ammussë hampion.
4. Mithril arnorna tincoron.

Translate the following to Quenya:

5. The dwarf is very clever.
6. The man is more clever than the dwarf.
7. The elf is very clever among people.
8. The wizard [istar] is most clever of all.

Answers are in Answer Key 9.4 at the end of Chapter 9.

Chapter 10 Exercises

• Exercise 10.1
• Exercise 10.2
• Exercise 10.3
• Exercise 10.4

Exercise 10.1

Translate the following to English:

1. Massë i asëa i asarta yuhtanë i naucon?
2. I atani i túler i ostonna tárar i andossë.
3. I cirma yanen i hesto harnanë i elda nánë hirina nu i alda.
4. I asarta yen quentel nöa hasuva i nauco.

Translate the following to Quenya:

5. Find the man with whom the elf travelled.
6. I am searching for (ces- [þ] + dative) the house in which the elf dwells.
7. Show me the man who has the sword.
8. I know that you have the captain’s sword.

Answers are in Answer Key 10.1 at the end of Chapter 10.

Exercise 10.2

Translate the following to English:

1. I nís marë tassë.
2. Ma meril nin anta si lyen?
3. Á latya tana fendë.
4. Cenuvanyes en.

Translate the following to Quenya:

5. The man [male] is standing on yonder hill.
6. I have these knives.
7. Will you give me that?
8. I want it now.

Answers are in Answer Key 10.2 at the end of Chapter 10.

Exercise 10.3

Translate the following to English:

1. Poituvan imni.
2. Hirnexë tauressë.
3. Sampentë assa i ambossë.
4. Macil ve anda cirma (ná).

Translate the following to Quenya:

5. Save yourself (familiar)!
6. They asked themselves where [whither] the captain went.
7. The girls stood in a circle.
8. It is the same man.

Answers are in Answer Key 10.3 at the end of Chapter 10.

Exercise 10.4

Translate the following to English:

1. Istas quetë Quenya.
2. Polis mahta.
3. Lertas quetë i aranen.
4. Mauya sen quetë i aranen.

Answers are in Answer Key 10.4 at the end of Chapter 10.