ON. [j] was lost after initial velars; [{kkʰg}j-|skj-|ŋgj] > [{kkʰg}-|sk-|ŋg]
Order (01300)
After | 00800 | initial and intervocalic [ŋ] vanished | ᴹ√ÑIW
>
ON. (g)yūta ✶ñy > ᴸON. y |
EtyAC/ÑIW PE18/104 |
Before | 04100 | intervocalic [s] became [h] | ᴹ✶khyelesē > khelesa > ON. kheleha | Ety/KHYEL(ES) |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/18 (kj- > k-) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/18 (khj- > kh/χ-) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/18 (gj- > g-) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/20 (skj- > skh-) |
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/20 (ŋgj- > [ŋ]g-) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
gjello > gello | gj- > g- | ᴹ√GYEL > N. gell | ✧ Ety/GYEL |
gjernā > gernā | gj- > g- | ᴹ✶gyernā > N. gern | ✧ Ety/GYER |
kjeleka > keleka | kj- > k- | ᴹ√KYELEK > N. celeg | ✧ Ety/KYELEK |
kjelepe > kelepe | kj- > k- | ᴹ√KYÉLEP > ON. kelepe | ✧ Ety/KYELEP |
kʰjarata > kʰarata | kʰj- > kʰ- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harad | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |
kʰjarmena > kʰarmena | kʰj- > kʰ- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harfen | ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR |
kʰjarmeni > kʰarmeni | kʰj- > kʰ- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. herfin | ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR |
kʰjarna > kʰarna | kʰj- > kʰ- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harn | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |
kʰjelesē > kʰelesē | kʰj- > kʰ- | ᴹ✶khyelesē > khelesa > ON. kheleha | ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES) |
skjapa > skapa | skj- > sk- | ᴹ✶skyapat- > ON. skhapa | ✧ Ety/SKYAP |
-ŋgj- > -ŋg- | ŋgj > ŋg | ᴹ✶-ŋj- > ON. -ng- | ✧ PE19/23 |
ŋ̣gjo > ŋ̣go | ŋgj > ŋg | ᴹ√ÑGYŌ/ÑGYON > ON. ango | ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ |
G. palatal consonants became velars; [{tdθzn}ʲ] > [{kgxðŋ}]
Reference ✧ PE12/16
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
> |
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
dʲeðe > geðe | dʲ > g | ᴱ√yĕrĕ(n) > G. geth | ✧ GL/38 |
dʲeloimu > geloimu | dʲ > g | ᴱ√DYELE > G. Geluim | ✧ LT1A/Melko |
dʲūl > gūl | dʲ > g | ᴱ√dyulu > G. gaul | ✧ GL/38 |
dʲulmā > gulmā | dʲ > g | ᴱ√dyulu > G. Gulma | ✧ GL/38 |
dʲulta- > gulta- | dʲ > g | ᴱ√dyulu > G. gultha | ✧ GL/38 |
tʲaβ- > kaβ- | tʲ > k | #ᴱ√tyav- > G. caf- | ✧ GL/24 |
tʲaβta- > kaβta- | tʲ > k | #ᴱ√tyav- > G. cautha- | ✧ GL/24 |
tʲur > kur | tʲ > k | #ᴱ√tyuru- > G. cûr | ✧ GL/28 |
tʲūrī > kūrī | tʲ > k | #ᴱ√tyuru- > G. cauri | ✧ GL/28 |
θʲṇ̄ða- > xṇ̄ða- | θʲ > x | ᴱ√χ̑ṇđ > G. †hanna- | ✧ GL/48 |