N. [lð] became [ll] or [lt]; [lð|-lð] > [ll|-lt]
Order (05100)
| After | 00600 | voiced stops became spirants after liquids | ON. belda
>
N. belt ᴹ√TIL > tild > N. till |
Ety/BEL Ety/TIL |
| After | 01100 | short [i], [u] became [e], [o] preceding final [a] | ᴹ✶ulda > old > N. oll | Ety/ULU |
| After | 02100 | short final vowels vanished | ᴹ✶ulda > old > N. oll | Ety/ULU |
| Before | 05600 | [mb], [nd] became [mm], [nn] | ᴹ✶Tindōmiselde
>
ON. tindūmhiell ON. tindūmhiell > Tinnúviel > N. Tinúviel |
Ety/TIN Ety/TIN |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| belð > belt | -lð > -lt | ON. belda > N. belt | ✧ Ety/BEL |
| malð > malt | -lð > -lt | ON. malda > N. (h)malt | ✧ EtyAC/SMAL |
| galðor > gallor | lð > ll | ᴹ√GALA > Galdor > N. Gallor | ✧ Ety/GALA |
| golð > goll | lð > ll | ᴹ✶ngolda > N. goll | ✧ Ety/ÑGOL |
| jelð > jell | lð > ll | ᴹ√YEL > N. iell | ✧ Ety/YEL |
| kolð > koll | lð > ll | ᴹ✶kuldā > N. coll | ✧ Ety/KUL |
| malðen > mallen | lð > ll | ᴹ√SMAL > N. mallen | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| malðen > mallen | lð > ll | ᴹ√SMAL > N. Mellin | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| melð > mell | lð > ll | ᴹ√MEL > N. mell | ✧ Ety/MEL |
| melðond > mellond | lð > ll | ᴹ√MEL > meldon > N. mellon | ✧ EtyAC/MEL |
| olð > oll | lð > ll | ᴹ✶ulda > old > N. oll | ✧ Ety/ULU |
| selð > sell | lð > ll | ᴹ√SEL-D > N. †sell | ✧ Ety/SEL-D |
| tilð > till | lð > ll | ᴹ√TIL > tild > N. till | ✧ Ety/TIL |
| tindūmielð > tindūmiell | lð > ll | ᴹ✶Tindōmiselde > ON. tindūmhiell | ✧ Ety/TIN |
G. [ld] became [ll]; [ld] > [ll]
Order (04800)
| Before | 04900 | [ll] became [l] lengthening preceding stressed vowel | ᴱ✶nalda > nalla > G. nâla | GL/59 |
| Before | 05200 | [lð] became [ld] medially, [l] finally | ᴱ✶ŋolđō > G. golda | GL/41 |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| ald > all | ld > ll | ᴱ✶alda > G. âl | ✧ PE13/109 |
| bald > ball | ld > ll | ᴱ√vḷd > bald- > G. Bâl | ✧ GL/21 |
| gʷild > gʷill | ld > ll | ᴱ√gwil-² > gu̯ild- > G. gwîl | ✧ GL/45 |
| krold > kroll | ld > ll | ᴱ✶korolda > G. crôl | ✧ GL/27 |
| nalda > nalla | ld > ll | ᴱ✶nalda > nalla > G. nâla | ✧ GL/59 |
| olda > olla | ld > ll | ᴱ✶oldō > G. ôla | ✧ GL/62 |
| tifild > tifill | ld > ll | ᴱ✶Tefíldŭ > G. Tifil | ✧ GL/38 |
G. [lð] became [ld] medially, [l] finally; [lð|-lð] > [ld|-l]
Order (05200)
| After | 04800 | [ld] became [ll] | ᴱ✶ŋolđō > G. golda | GL/41 |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| nalð > nal | -lð > -l | ᴱ√NḶDḶ > G. nal | ✧ LT1A/Murmenalda |
| nalð > nal | -lð > -l | ᴱ√NḶDḶ > G. nal | ✧ LT1A/Murmenalda |
| ŋgolða > ŋgolda | lð > ld | ᴱ✶ŋolđō > G. golda | ✧ GL/41 |