Q. [h]

Q. [h]

References ✧ LotR/1113, 1123; PE17/92; PE19/71, 74, 80; VT41/8

Variations

• h ✧ LotR/1113; LotR/1123; PE19/71; PE19/74; PE19/80
• hu- ✧ VT41/8

Element In

• Q. k-series
• Q. voiceless-spirants

Phonetic Developments

✶kh > h

[kʰ-] > [x-] > [h-]

✧ PE17/92

Phonetic Development

Q. [ɸu] became [hu]	hu	<	ɸu	✧ PE19/71 ([ꝑ] > [h]; before [ū̆/ui])
Q. [x] became [h] except before [t]	h	<	x	✧ PE17/92 (kh > h); PE19/71 (χ > h; initially); PE19/71 (χ > h; medially)

ᴹQ. [h]

References ✧ PE19/37, 50, 52; PE22/65

Variations

• h ✧ PE22/65; PE22/65

Element In

• ᴹQ. k-series ✧ PE22/65
• ᴹQ. voiceless-spirants ✧ PE22/65

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [x] became [h] except before [t]

h

<

x

✧ PE19/37 (kh > h); PE19/50 (kh > h); PE19/52 (kh > h)

ᴱQ. [h]

References ✧ PE12/16-18, 20; PE14/41, 60

Variations

• h ✧ PE14/41; PE14/41; PE14/60

Element In

• ᴱQ. k-series
• ᴱQ. voiceless-spirants ✧ PE14/41

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. initial [x-] became [h-]	h-	<	x-	✧ PE12/16 (x > h); PE12/18 (χ/h > h)
ᴱQ. geminate voiceless spirants reduced	h	<	xx	✧ PE12/18 (χχ > h); PE12/20 (χχ > h); PE12/20 (xx > h)
ᴱQ. [xʷu] became [xu]	xu	<	xʷu	✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > h; before u)