ᴹQ. spirants became stops after nasals; [mɸ|nθ|ŋx|nð] > [mp|nt|ŋk|nd]
Reference ✧ PE19/44
Order (00800)
| After | 01800 | ᴹAQ. nasals became voiceless stops before aspirates |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| maŋxa- > maŋka- | ŋx > ŋk | ᴹ√MBAKH > ᴹQ. manka- | ✧ Ety/MBAKH |
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops after nasals; [mɸ|nθ|nθʲ|ŋx|ŋxʷ] > [mp|nt|ntʲ|ŋk|ŋkʷ]
References ✧ PE12/17-20
Order ()
| After | 01200 | [xʷu] became [xu] | ||
| Before | 00800 | [θʲi] became [xi] | ||
| Before | 01100 | [θ] became [s] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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✧ PE12/20 (nasal + ꝑ > mp) |
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✧ PE12/19 (nasals + þ > nt) |
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✧ PE12/19 (nasals + hy > nty) |
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✧ PE12/18 (nasal + χ > nc) |
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✧ PE12/17 (nasals + x͡w > nq) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| atemɸa > atempa | mɸ > mp | ᴱ✶a · tefe- > ᴱQ. atempa | ✧ QL/30 |
| temɸe > tempe | mɸ > mp | ᴱ√TEFE > ᴱQ. tempe | ✧ QL/90 |
| timɸinend > timpinend | mɸ > mp | ᴱ√TIFI > ᴱQ. Timpinen | ✧ QL/92 |
| timɸinend > timpinend | mɸ > mp | ᴱ√TIFI > ᴱQ. timpinen | ✧ LT1A/Tinfang |
| ranθa > ranta | nθ > nt | ᴱ√RAÞA > ᴱQ. ranta | ✧ QL/79 |
| tanθa > tanta | nθ > nt | ᴱ√TAÞA > ᴱQ. tanta | ✧ QL/90 |
| ŋxu > ŋku | ŋx > ŋk | ᴱ✶nasal + x͡w + ū̯̆ > ᴱQ. ncu | ✧ PE12/18 |