S. [f] ‹f, ph›

S. [f] ‹f, ph›

References ✧ LotR/1114; PE18/92

Variations

• ph ✧ LotR/1114; LotR/1114; LotR/1114; LotR/1114

Element In

• S. p-series
• S. voiceless-spirants

Phonetic Development

S. initial nasals vanished before stops

f-

<

mf-

✧ PE18/92 (mp > f-)

N. [f]

References ✧ PE19/18, 20-21, 23

Element In

• N. p-series
• N. voiceless-spirants

Phonetic Development

N. initial [s] vanished before spirants	ɸ-	<	sɸ-	✧ PE19/20 (sph- > f-); PE19/20 (sph- > f-)
N. [ɸ], [β] became [f], [v]	f	<	ɸ	✧ PE19/18 (ph/f- > f-); PE19/18 (ph/f- > f/f-); PE19/21 (phr- > fr-); PE19/21 (phl- > fl-); PE19/23 (-ph- > -f-)
N. initial [θl] sometimes became [fl]	fl-	<	θl-	✧ PE19/21 (thl- > fl-; dial)

G. [f]

References ✧ PE12/17; PE15/12

Variations

• f ✧ PE15/12

Element In

• G. p-series
• G. voiceless-spirants

Phonetic Development

G. [xʷ] became [f]

f

<

xʷ

✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > f)