OS. initial [ml], [mr] became [bl], [br]; [m{lr}-] > [b{lr}-]
In Noldorin and Gnomish there are a number of examples of initial mr- becoming br-; this sound change must have occurred after unstressed initial syllables reduced to favored clusters. This same sound change occurs in the history of Welsh, sometime between Proto-Keltic and Britannic (WGHC/§99ii). Some Gnomish and Noldorin examples:
In Welsh there was a related sound change where ml- became bl- (WGHC/§99ii) and there are examples of this phonetic development as well in Gnomish and Early Noldorin (but no examples after the 1920s):
In Early Noldorin and Gnomish, there are further examples of dental nasal [n] becoming [d] before [r], [l]:
For the last example, bear in mind that [dl] became [gl] in Gnomish, as described by Roman Rausch in his Historical Phonology of Goldogrin (HSG/§2.4). He also identified the above sound changes in Gnomish, where initial nasals [n], [m] becoming stops before [r], [l] (HSG/§2.1).
Neo-Sindarin: There is no evidence of any of the above changes in Sindarin in the 1950s and 60s. Since mr-/ml- > br-/bl- in Welsh, Tolkien might have allowed these changes in Sindarin as well, and I include them in my phonetic rules for Neo-Sindarin. The nr-/nl- > dr-/dl- changes seem more dubious to me, but still possible. David Salo attributed the mr- > br- change (but excluded the ml- change) to Old Sindarin in Gateway to Sindarin (GS/§4.36). Salo also included ŋl- > gl-, but I can find no evidence of this and I don’t know where he got it from.
Phonetic Rule Elements
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ON. initial [ml], [mr] became [bl], [br]; [m{lr}-] > [b{lr}-]
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
mrekāla > brekāla | mr- > br- | ᴹ√MERÉK > N. bregol | ✧ Ety/MERÉK |
mrekete > brekete | mr- > br- | ᴹ√MERÉK > N. breged | ✧ EtyAC/MERÉK |
mrekjā > brekjā | mr- > br- | ᴹ✶mrekjā > breig > N. braig | ✧ Ety/MERÉK |
mrekta- > brekta- | mr- > br- | ᴹ√MERÉK > N. breitha | ✧ EtyAC/MERÉK |
mrokō > brokō | mr- > br- | ᴹ✶morókō > N. brôg | ✧ Ety/MORÓK |
G. initial [n], [m] became [d], [b] before [l], [r]; [{mn}{lr}-] > [{bd}{lr}-]
Order (03300)
Before | 05300 | [tl], [dl], [ðl] became [kl], [gl] | ᴱ√nḷđ > G. glith | GL/40 |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
mloss > mbloss | ml- > mbl- | ᴱ√mol- > G. Bloss | ✧ GL/23 |
mritt- > mbritt- | mr- > mbr- | ᴱ√M(B)ṚTṚ > G. brith- | ✧ QL/63 |
mritwen > mbritwen | mr- > mbr- | ᴱ√mṛt > G. Bridwen | ✧ GL/24 |
nlið > dlið | nl- > dl- | ᴱ√nḷđ > G. glith | ✧ GL/40 |
nrio > ndrio | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ✶n’reu̯ > G. †drio | ✧ GL/30 |
nrip- > ndrip- | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ√nṛq- > G. drib- | ✧ GL/30 |
nriθ > ndriθ | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ√nṛþ- > G. drith | ✧ GL/30 |
nriθ- > ndriθ- | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ√nṛþ- > G. drith- | ✧ GL/31 |
nrō > ndrō | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ√NORO > G. drô | ✧ LT1A/Nornorë |
nrok > ndrok | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ✶norokā́ > G. drog | ✧ GL/31 |
nrond > ndrond | nr- > ndr- | ᴱ√NORO > G. drond | ✧ LT1A/Nornorë |